Aerosol optical properties over the South Atlantic and southern ocean during the 2010-2012 summer seasons as part of the global maritime aerosol network

PEREIRA, PAULA S.; SANTOS, ELAINE A. DOS; EVANGELISTA, HEITOR; MAGALHAES, NEWTON; SMIRNOV, ALEXANDER

doi:10.1590/0001-3765202320210816

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PHYSICAL SCIENCES • An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc. 95 (suppl 3) • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202320210816 linkcopy

Aerosol optical properties over the South Atlantic and southern ocean during the 2010-2012 summer seasons as part of the global maritime aerosol network

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Abstract

Aerosols have implications to climate and biogeochemical cycles in the global oceans. At sites under indirect influence of dust emitted by the Patagonian semi-desert, a debate exists on the potential fertilization effects of iron enriched aerossol. Considering this subject we conducted measurements of aerosols optical properties using a Microtops II sun photometer to access aerosol size distributions and other intrinsic properties oversea from Atlantic Southern mid-latitudes to Antarctica. Oceanographic cruises were developed between December 2010 to April 2011 and October 2011 to April 2012, in the context of the Brazilian Antarctic Program, and between November 2011 to December 2011. This survey was taken as part of the Global Maritime Aerosol Network (MAN/NASA). Our data of AOD (500 nm) along the South American coast depicts a steady decrease southwards following the decreased latitudinal continental extent. However, the influence of the aerosols blown from Patagonia semi-desert region was clear from latitude 53⁰S to 64⁰S. The predominance of aerosol fine mode was observed in Central Atlantic and close to the Drake Passage. An unexpected aerosol coarse mode predominance was found close to the Antarctic Peninsula. We attribute that to a possible weathering of rock outcrops due to the strong westerly winds in that region.

Key words
Aerosols; South Atlantic; AOD; Antarctica; Maritime Aerosol Network

Region	Type of environment	AOD	α	References
General Classification	Clean environment Marine Desert Continental	0.01 <0.15 0.2-0.4 0.2	- <1.0-coarse mode 0-0.5- coarse mode 1.0-1.5	Porter et al. 2000Smirnov et al. 2003, Knobelspiesse et al. 2004, Toledano et al., 2007
Coast of Africa	Coastal/marine	0.03-0.12	Fine and coarse mode	Wilson et al. 2010
South Atlantic Ocean	Marine Desert Continental	<0.1 0.18 0.16	0.0-0.4-coarse mode 0.20 0.89	Knobelspiesse et al. 2004, Smirnov et al. 2006, Sakerin et al. 2007.
Antarctica	Coastal areas Open ocean	0.01-0.06	0.5-1.2-coarse mode and fine 0.7+-0.2-coarse mode	Tomasi et al. 2007, Wilson et al. 2010, Chaubey et al. 2011.

Locations	AOD 500nm	SD ₅₀₀	α	SDα	Water vapor (cm)	STDwy	AOD 440nm	SD ₄₄₀	AOD 675nm	SD ₆₇₅	AOD 870nm	SD ₈₇₀
South America Coast	0,10	0,08	0,76	0,33	1,74	0,93	0,11	0,08	0,08	0,05	0,07	0,04
South Atlantic (Offshore)	0,09	0,03	0,51	0,21	0,80	0,29	0,07	0,02	0,06	0,02	0,06	0,02
Antarctic (Coast)	0,06	0,03	0,06	0,26	0,62	0,15	0,08	0,03	0,05	0,03	0,06	0,03
South Africa (Coast)	0,05	0,02	0,68	0,40	1,28	0,15	0,06	0,01	0,04	0,02	0,04	0,02
Central Atlantic (Offshore)	0,06	0,01	1,21	0,41	1,45	0,57	0,06	0,00	0,04	0,01	0,04	0,01

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