Barium and its Importance as an Indicator of (Paleo)Productivity

LIGUORI, BIANCA T.P.; ALMEIDA, MARCELO G. DE; REZENDE, CARLOS E. DE

doi:10.1590/0001-3765201620140592

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Chemical Sciences • An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc. 88 (04) • Oct-Dec 2016 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201620140592 copy

Barium and its Importance as an Indicator of (Paleo)Productivity

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Barium (Ba) is a trace element which occurs predominantly as barite mineral (BaSO₄) in the marine environment. Previous work suggests that barite concentrations are related to the organic carbon flux and marine biological debris in the water column suggesting a direct or indirect involvement in the marine biological cycling. In addition, barite has a high preservation rate (~30%) in sediments and it is less affected by early diagenesis than other proxies for productivity such as carbonates (~10%) and organic carbon (~1%), for example. Therefore, Ba is considered an excellent proxy for ocean (paleo)productivity. However, correlating barite to productivity involves some caveats. Specifically, the post-depositional formation of barite in oxic sediments can lead to Ba release into porewaters under anoxic conditions, which can form barite again under oxic conditions. This diagenetic formation is not correlated to export production as the seawater authigenic barite formed with decaying organic matter in the water column. Therefore, the main goal of this work is to briefly review the marine Ba cycle and highlight its importance for (paleo)productivity research.

Key words:
barite; biogenic barium; (paleo)productivity proxy

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SPM*	ICP-AES	Jeandel et al. (2000JEANDEL C, TACHIKAWA K, BORY A and DEHAIRS F. 2000. Biogenic barium in suspended and trapped material as a tracer of export production in the tropical NE Atlantic (EUMELI sites). Mar Chem 71: 125-142.), Jacquet et al. (2007JACQUET SHM, HENJES J and DEHAIRS F. 2007. Particulate Ba-barite and acantharians in the Southern Ocean during the European Iron Fertilization Experiment (EIFEX). J Geophys Res 112: 1-28. )
SPM*	ICP-MS	Fagel et al. (1999FAGEL N, ANDRÉ L and DEHAIRS F. 1999. Advective excess Ba transport as shown from sediment and trap geochemical signatures. Geochim Cosmochim Ac 63: 2353-2367.), Jeandel et al. (2000JEANDEL C, TACHIKAWA K, BORY A and DEHAIRS F. 2000. Biogenic barium in suspended and trapped material as a tracer of export production in the tropical NE Atlantic (EUMELI sites). Mar Chem 71: 125-142.), Jacquet et al. (2007JACQUET SHM, HENJES J and DEHAIRS F. 2007. Particulate Ba-barite and acantharians in the Southern Ocean during the European Iron Fertilization Experiment (EIFEX). J Geophys Res 112: 1-28. ), Dehairs et al. (2008DEHAIRS F ET AL. 2008. Barium in twilight zone suspended matter as a potential proxy for particulate organic carbon remineralization: Results for the North Pacific. Deep-Sea Res Pt II 55: 1673-1683. )
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Water	AAS	Riedinger et al. (2006RIEDINGER N, KASTEN S, GRÖGER J, FRANKE C and PFEIFER K. 2006. Active and buried authigenic barite 469 fronts in sediments from the Eastern Cape Basin. Earth Planet Sc Lett 241: 876-887.)

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[1] Correspondence to: Bianca Torres Pires Liguori E-mail: bianca.liguori@hotmail.com Carlos Eduardo de Rezende E-mail: crezende@uenf.br