Monitoring Glyphosate- and Chlorimuron- resistant <i>Conyza</i> spp. Populations in Brazil

MENDES, RAFAEL R.; TAKANO, HUDSON K.; GONÇALVES NETTO, ACÁCIO; PICOLI JUNIOR, GILMAR J.; CAVENAGHI, ANDERSON L.; SILVA, VANESSA F.V.; NICOLAI, MARCELO; CHRISTOFFOLETI, PEDRO J.; OLIVEIRA JUNIOR, RUBEM S. DE; MELO, MARCEL S.C. DE; OVEJERO, RAMIRO F. LOPEZ

doi:10.1590/0001-3765202120190425

person RAFAEL R. MENDES

schoolUniversidade Estadual de Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790, 87013-090 Maringá, PR, Brazil

0000-0003-4404-8826

person HUDSON K. TAKANO

schoolColorado State University, 300 W Pitkin St, 80523 , CO, United States

0000-0002-8018-3868

person ACÁCIO GONÇALVES NETTO

schoolEscola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Pádua Dias, 11, 13418-900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil

0000-0001-9741-3992

person GILMAR J. PICOLI JUNIOR

schoolBayer Brasil, Rua Domingo Jorge, 1100, 04719-002 São Paulo, SP, Brazil

0000-0003-3880-0209

person ANDERSON L. CAVENAGHI

schoolUniversidade de Várzea Grande, Avenida Dom Orlando Chaves, 2655, 78118-000 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil

0000-0002-9135-3527

person VANESSA F.V. SILVA

schoolUniversidade Estadual de Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790, 87013-090 Maringá, PR, Brazil

0000-0002-1231-8046

person MARCELO NICOLAI

schoolAgrocon, Rodovia Saulo Waldemar Fornazin, 13459-899 Santa Bárbara d’Oeste, SP, Brazil

0000-0003-4031-7179

person PEDRO J. CHRISTOFFOLETI

schoolEscola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Pádua Dias, 11, 13418-900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil

0000-0002-2741-5615

person RUBEM S. DE OLIVEIRA JUNIOR

schoolUniversidade Estadual de Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790, 87013-090 Maringá, PR, Brazil

0000-0002-5222-8010

person MARCEL S.C. DE MELO

schoolBayer Brasil, Rua Domingo Jorge, 1100, 04719-002 São Paulo, SP, Brazil

0000-0003-2244-7199

person RAMIRO F. LOPEZ OVEJERO

schoolBayer Brasil, Rua Domingo Jorge, 1100, 04719-002 São Paulo, SP, Brazil

0000-0003-4500-6302

Correspondence to: Rafael Romero Mendes E-mail: rafaromero.mendes@gmail.com

AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS

Rafael Romero Mendes: conceptualization, methodology, data acquisition, data analysis, writing, writing review. Hudson Kagueyama Takano: methodology, data acquisition, writing, writing review. Acácio Gonçalves Netto: data acquisition, methodology. Gilmar José Picoli Junior and Marcelo Nicolai: conceptualization, data acquisition, methodology. Anderson Luis Cavenaghi: conceptualization, data acquisition, methodology. Vanessa Francieli Vital Silva: data acquisition, data analysis, methodology: Pedro Jacob Christoffoleti: conceptualization, methodology, writing. Rubem Silvério de Oliveira Junior: conceptualization, methodology, data analysis, writing. Marcel Sereguin Cabral de Melo: Funding, project coordination. Ramiro Fernando Lopez Ovejero: Funding, project coordenation, conceptualization, methodology.

Resistance	Mortality category	Sensitivity	Color code
Singular	All replications with control >80%	S	Green
	One or two replications with surviving plants and control <80%	r	Yellow
	Three or four replications with surviving plants and control <80%	R	Red
Multiple	All replications with control >80%	S	White
	- One or more replications with surviving plants and control <80% for chlorimuron-ethyl - All replications with surviving plants and control >80% for glyphosate	R and r-chlor	Green
	- One or more replications with surviving plants and control <80% for glyphosate - All replications with control >80% for chlorimuron-ethyl	R and r-gly	Yellow
	One or more replications with surviving plants and control <80% for both chlorimuron-ethyl and glyphosate	R and r-mult	Red

Herbicide	Class	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018
Glyphosate	S	7.2	10.5	16.5	35.9	38.5
	r	17.0	10.0	10.2	13.9	13.1
	R	75.8	79.5	73.3	50.2	48.4
	Total	100	100	100	100	100
Chlorimuron-ethyl	S	47.1	35.9	70.9	80.4	55.2
	r	41.1	26.0	15.9	9.8	25.5
	R	11.8	38.1	13.2	9.8	19.3
	Total	100	100	100	100	100

Class of resistance to			2014	2015	2016	2017	2018
Glyphosate	Chlorimuron-ethyl	Glyphosate and chlorimuron-ethyl	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018
S	S	S gly and chlor	4.9	9.9	13.8	32.5	31.9
S	r	r-chlor	1.9	1.1	0.0	1.8	5.6
S	R	R-chlor	0.4	1.1	0.0	1.8	0.9
r	S	r-gly	8.7	5.5	9.5	9.1	7.0
r	r	r-mult	7.2	2.2	1.1	3.3	4.2
r	R	R-mult	0.8	2.2	0.5	1.5	1.9
R	S	R-gly	33.5	20.4	47.6	39.1	16.0
R	r	R-mult	31.9	22.7	14.8	4.7	15.5
R	R	R-mult	10.6	34.8	12.7	6.2	16.4
Total			100	100	100	100	100

State	Glyphosate			Chlorimuron-ethyl			Multiple
State	N°	∑ (R+r)	% (R+r)	N°	∑ (R+r)	% (R+r)	N°	∑ (R+r) †	% (R+r)
BA	34	26	76.5	25	10	40.0	25	8	32.0
GO	68	48	70.6	62	31	50.0	62	28	45.2
MT	265	188	70.9	241	75	31.1	241	75	31.1
MS	47	34	72.3	47	26	55.3	47	21	44.7
MG	25	19	76.0	20	8	40.0	20	7	35.0
PR	625	534	85.4	616	260	42.2	616	249	40.4
SP	38	32	84.2	27	8	29.6	27	8	29.6
SC	20	10	50.0	19	4	21.1	19	4	21.1
RS	62	34	54.8	62	29	46.8	62	24	38.7
Total	1184	925	71.2	1119	451	39.6	1119	424	35.3

[tfnI] Abbreviations: S: susceptible; R: resistant; r: moderately resistant. Adapted from Lopez Ovejero et al. (2017). gly: glyphosate; chlor: chlorimuron-ethyl.

Monitoring Glyphosate- and Chlorimuron- resistant Conyza spp. Populations in Brazil