Efficiency of protein combinations in diets for <i>Rhamdia quelen</i>: growth, digestive and metabolic biochemistry and nutrient deposition

CORRÊIA, VIVIANI; PRETTO, ALEXANDRA; PEDRON, FABIO A.; FERRIGOLO, FERNANDA R.G.; VEIVERBERG, CÁTIA A.; BATTISTI, EDUARDO K.; FREITAS, SILVANDRO T.; LOUREIRO, BRUNO B.; SILVA, LEILA P.; RADÜNZ NETO, JOÃO

doi:10.1590/0001-3765202420231333

person VIVIANI CORRÊIA

writing original draft · review and editing · conceptualization · methodology · formal analysis · validation · investigation · project administration

schoolUniversidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Curso de Engenharia de Aquicultura, BR 472, Km 585, 97501-970 Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil

0000-0003-2426-269X

person ALEXANDRA PRETTO

writing original draft · review and editing · validation · investigation

schoolUniversidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Curso de Engenharia de Aquicultura, BR 472, Km 585, 97501-970 Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil

0009-0007-8773-0768

person FABIO A. PEDRON

writing · review and editing · conceptualization · methodology · validation · investigation

schoolUniversidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Curso de Engenharia de Aquicultura, BR 472, Km 585, 97501-970 Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil

0000-0003-2869-7850

person FERNANDA R.G. FERRIGOLO

writing · review and editing · methodology · formal analysis · validation · investigation

schoolUniversidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Curso de Engenharia de Aquicultura, BR 472, Km 585, 97501-970 Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil

0000-0001-6096-0132

person CÁTIA A. VEIVERBERG

writing · review and editing · conceptualization · methodology · investigation

schoolUniversidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Curso de Engenharia de Aquicultura, BR 472, Km 585, 97501-970 Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil

0000-0002-8353-0319

person EDUARDO K. BATTISTI

writing · review and editing · formal analysis · investigation

schoolUniversidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Departamento de Zootecnia e Ciências Biológicas, Avenida Independência, 3751, Vista Alegre, 98300-000 Palmeira das Missões, RS, Brazil

0000-0002-1663-9664

person SILVANDRO T. FREITAS

writing · review and editing · formal analysis · investigation

schoolUniversidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Departamento de Zootecnia, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil

0000-0002-4552-0101

person BRUNO B. LOUREIRO

writing · review and editing · formal analysis · investigation

schoolUniversidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Departamento de Zootecnia, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil

0000-0002-3503-3393

person LEILA P. SILVA

writing · review and editing · conceptualization · methodology · resources · funding acquisition and supervision

schoolUniversidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Departamento de Zootecnia, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil

0000-0002-1721-094X

person JOÃO RADÜNZ NETO

writing · review and editing · resources · funding acquisition · supervision · project administration.

schoolUniversidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Departamento de Zootecnia, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil

0000-0002-4669-4218

Correspondence to: Fernanda Rodrigues Goulart Ferrigolo E-mail:
fernandaferrigolo@unipampa.edu.br

	Treatments^a
Ingredients	CONTROL	CASGE	CASALB	CASALBFM	ALBFM
Casein^b	223.50	348.00	100.00	150.00	-
Albumin:Dextrin (60:40)^c	-	-	566.00	245.00	361.50
Commercial fish meal^d	330.00	-	-	216.50	330.00
Gelatin^e	-	97.50	-	-	-
L-lysine	-	0.32	-	-	-
DL-methionine	0.77	3.01	0.32	0.52	0.05
Maltodextrin^c	25.00	267.20	63.40	187.50	117.00
Microcrystalline cellulose^b	78.80	108.50	97.50	73.40	72.29
Coated vitamin C	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.500
Canola Oil	46.60	60.80	51.10	43.00	42.80
Cod liver Oil	20.00	20.00	20.00	20.00	20.00
Vitamins and minerals^f	30.00	30.00	30.00	30.00	30.00
Calcitic limestone	-	14.00	11.00	1.00	-
Dicalcium phosphate	-	25.00	35.00	2.00	-
Iodized sodium chloride	5.00	5.00	5.00	5.00	5.00
Melbond®^g	20.00	20.00	20.00	20.00	20.00
Butylated hydroxytoluene	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20
Total	1000.00	1000.00	1000.00	1000.00	1000.00
Chemical composition (g Kg ^-1 diet)
Crude protein^h	370.90	373.30	370.50	370.70	370.10
Lysineⁱ	18.60	16.60	19.00	18.90	19.50
Methionine + Cystineⁱ	13.70	13.70	13.70	13.70	13.70
Threonineⁱ	14.60	13.60	14.50	14.40	13.70
Tryptophanⁱ	3.70	3.80	6.70	4.90	4.90
Valineⁱ	19.00	18.50	21.30	19.80	19.00
Isoleucineⁱ	14.70	14.70	18.50	16.10	15.70
Leucineⁱ	28.90	28.30	30.70	29.30	27.30
Phenylalanineⁱ	12.60	9.80	12.50	12.70	13.20
Histidineⁱ	8.70	9.80	12.50	10.10	9.70
Arginineⁱ	15.20	15.80	18.30	16.90	20.00
Total essential amino acids	149.7	144.6	167.7	156.8	156.7
Digestible energy (MJ/kg^-1)^j	13.398	13.399	13.400	13.399	13.398
Ether extract^h	95.10	88.80	84.30	86.50	93.00
NDF^k	70.40	103.90	93.40	80.00	69.90
NDSC^l	246.40	267.50	287.80	281.20	255.90
Mineral matter^h	99.30	8.40	18.60	72.40	105.30
Calciumⁱ	20.40	12.90	13.20	14.20	19.50
Phosphorusⁱ	11.00	7.10	7.20	7.60	9.50
Ca/P ratioⁱ	1.85	1.82	1.83	1.87	2.05

Variable	Treatments
Variable	CONTROL	CASGE	CASALB	CASALBFM	ALBFM	P
IW (g)	9.87±0.11^a	9.83±0.29^a	9.74±0.14^a	9.89±0.03^a	9.8±0.04^a	0.9637
FW (g)	35.35±2.13^a	27.45±1.27^b	19.50±0.24^c	28.08±0.66^b	23.10±0.45^bc	<0.0001
TL (cm)	14.95±0.27^a	13.88±0.16^bc	12.59±0.04^d	14.25±0.14^ab	13.37±0.12^c	<0.0001
CF	1.05±0.005^a	1.02±0.009^a	0.97±0.004^b	0.96±0.01^b	0.96±0.01^b	0.0003
SGR (%/day)	3.19±0.14^a	2.56±0.11^b	1.71±0.03^d	2.62±0.05^b	2.13±0.04^c	<0.0001
AFC	1.02±0.02^d	1.27±0.01^c	2.12±0.07^a	1.39±0.02^c	1.77±0.05^b	<0.0001
PER	2.63±0.05^a	2.1±0.03^b	1.27±0.04^e	1.94±0.03^c	1.52±0.04^d	<0.0001
FER	0.98±0.02^a	0.78±0.01^b	0.47±0.01^d	0.72±0.01^b	0.56±0.01^c	<0.0001
DSI (%)	2.87±0.06	2.75±0.14	2.89±0.25	2.78±0.05	3.09±0.17	0.6
HSI (%)	2.3±0.13^b	3.11±0.20^a	2.41±0.27^ab	2.61±0.14^ab	2.51±0.17^ab	0.03
AFI (%)	2.19±0.24^b	2.89±0.29^ab	3.32±0.19^ab	2.58±0.26^ab	3.61±0.39^a	0.01

Variables	Treatments
Variables	CONTROL	CASGE	CASALB	CASALBFM	ALBFM	P
Acid protease	0.36±0.01^b	0.48±0.05^a	0.38±0.02^ab	0.40±0.02^ab	0.39±0.02^ab	0.03
Trypsin	15.44±0.76^abc	16.18±1.17^ab	12.57±0.65^c	17.33±0.96^a	13.47±0.58^bc	0.002
Chymotrypsin	11.67±0.60^ab	10.54±0.36^b	10.18±0.35^b	12.65±0.27 ^a	10.67±0.46^b	0.001
Amylase	0.96±0.13^b	1.71±0.13^ab	1.87±0.19^a	1.94±0.30^a	1.83±0.2^a	0.007
Lipase	18.38±2.15^a	16.32±1.08^ab	16.80±1.2^ab	11.21±1.83^b	21.07±0.96^a	0.001

Variables	Treatments
Variables	CONTROL	CASGE	CASALB	CASALBFM	ALBFM	P
Plasma
Total protein	2.98±0.13	3.10±0.07	2.76±0.13	2.79±0.18	3.30±0.15	0.07
Amino acids	3.68±0.07	3.72±0.06	3.82±0.08	3.98±0.13	3.90±0.13	0.23
Albumin	0.57±0.03^b	0.54±0.03^b	0.54±0.04^b	0.52±0.03^b	0.68±0.02^a	0.013
Glucose	56.44±4.41^a	39.39±3.45^b	34.10±2.74^b	41.68±3.48^b	31.68±1.03^b	<0.0001
Triglycerides	0.53±0.04^ab	0.46±0.05^b	0.54±0.04^ab	0.72±0.06^a	0.69±0.04^a	0.0061
Cholesterol	111.46±3.86^ab	65.36±5.13^d	85.05±8.18^cd	95.44±3.91^bc	129.35±6.48^a	<0.0001
Liver
Total protein	33.7±2.06	33.75±1.93	32.00±1.28	29.36±0.60	32.92±2.01	0.39
Amino acids	64.62±2.58^a	55.11±2.98^ab	63.03±1.94^a	48.12±2.20^b	46.19±2.06^b	<0.0001
Ammonia	6.22±0.12	6.29±0.12	6.76±0.17	6.02±0.26	6.18±0.13	0.08
Glycogen	4.27±0.12	3.57±0.15	3.99±0.13	4.62±0.39	4.65±0.46	0.09
Glucose	58.64±7.42	59.78±5.65	64.52±3.81	54.44±5.15	66.39±4.16	0.56
AST	563.52±46.54^a	570.78±44.15^a	458.40±33.93^ab	288.14±24.84^b	515.41±56.81^a	0.0002
ALT	8.13±0.58	7.95±0.43	7.23±0.18	7.04±0.16	7.65±0.64	0.48

Variables	Treatments
Variables	CONTROL	CASGE	CASALB	CASALBFM	ALBFM	P
Moisture (%)	72.15±0.57	72.17±0.38	71.25±0.31	72.46±0.34	71.06±0.32	0.06
Ash (%)	2.89±0.09^a	2.46±0.06^b	2.62±0.10^ab	2.89±0.04^a	2.9±0.03^a	0.0002
Protein (%)	14.85±0.10	14.76±0.11	14.56±0.12	14.82±0.07	14.69±0.14	0.422
Fat (%)	9.46±0.55^b	10.93±0.25^ab	11.82±0.38^a	10.09±0.34^b	10.96±0.28^ab	0.0017
PRE (%)	41.13±1.29^a	32.57±0.89^b	19.63±0.53^d	29.75±0.70^b	23.91±0.51^c	<0.0001

[tfnI] ^aTreatments: CONTROL: casein + fish meal; CASGE: casein + gelatin; CASALB: casein + albumin; CASALBFM: casein + albumin + fish meal; ALBFM: albumin + fish meal. ^bSynth®. ^cD.N.A. Design Nutrição Avançada. ^dFish Waste Industry, Canoas/RS, Brazil.

^eAPTI®. ^fComposition of vitamin and mineral mixture: (Mig Fish 1% inclusion/Mig Plus®): Folic acid: 300mg, Pantothenic acid: 3000mg, Glutamic acid: 1mg, Cobalt: 60mg, Copper: 1000mg, Choline: 102.120 mg, Iron: 5000mg, Biotin: 60 mcg, Iodine: 45mg, Manganese: 8000mg, Magnesium: 5%, Selenium: 60mg, Zinc: 14000mg, Vit.A: 1000UI, Vit. B1: 1500mg, Vit. B2: 1500mg, Vit. B6: 1500mg, Vit. B12: 2000mcg, Vit. C: 15000 mg, Vit. D: 240 UI, Vit. E: 10000 mg, Vit. K: 400 mg, Inositol 10000 mg, Niacin 9000 mg, antioxidant: 792 mg. ^gCalcium and magnesium lignosulfonate (binder and appetence factor) – Ligno Tech Brasil®. ^hValues based on the analysis of diets.ⁱ Calculation based on analysis of ingredients. ^j Digestible energy = [(CP × 5640 kcal/kg × 0.9) + (EE × 9510 kcal/kg × 0.85) + (NDSC × 4110 kcal/kg × 0.50)] (Jobling 1983). ^kNDF: neutral detergent fiber. ^lNDSC: neutral detergent-soluble carbohydrates = 100 - (moisture + crude protein + mineral matter + ether extract + neutral detergent fiber).

Efficiency of protein combinations in diets for Rhamdia quelen: growth, digestive and metabolic biochemistry and nutrient deposition

Abstract