The first occurrence of the Order Mormonilloida (Copepoda) in the Tropical Southwest Atlantic Ocean

This communication is the first report of the occurrence of the order Mormonilloida (Mormonilla phasma) in the tropical Southwestern Atlantic Ocean. Female individuals were found in surface waters from the shelf break state of Rio Grande do Norte (Northeastern Brazil) and between depths of 60 and 100 m in the epipelagic layer around the St. Peter and St. Paul Archipelago (equatorial Atlantic). This finding extends the vertical limits for this species.

Copepod; equatorial; Mormonilloida; Mormonilla phasma; oceanic island; zooplankton

Authorship

PEDRO AUGUSTO M.C. MELO

Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departmento de Oceanografia, Av. Arquitetura, s/n, Cidade Universitária, 50670-901 Recife, PE, BrasilUniversidade Federal de PernambucoBrasilRecife, PE, BrasilUniversidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departmento de Oceanografia, Av. Arquitetura, s/n, Cidade Universitária, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brasil

MAURO DE MELO JÚNIOR

Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Unidade Acadêmica de Serra Talhada, Fazenda Saco, s/n, Zona Rural, 56903-070 Serra Talhada, PE, BrasilUniversidade Federal Rural de PernambucoBrasilSerra Talhada, PE, BrasilUniversidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Unidade Acadêmica de Serra Talhada, Fazenda Saco, s/n, Zona Rural, 56903-070 Serra Talhada, PE, Brasil

MOACYR ARAÚJO

SIGRID NEUMANN-LEITÃO

Correspondence to: Pedro Augusto Mendes de Castro Melo E-mail: pedroamcm@gmail.com

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures | Tables

Figures (1)
Tables (1)

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Figure 1 -
Studies that recorded Mormonilla phasma (Mormonilloida) from the Atlantic Ocean, compiled from Razouls et al. (2005-2012)RAZOULS C, DE BOVÉE F, KOUWENBERG J AND DESREUMAUX N. 2005-2012. Diversity and Geographic Distribution of Marine Planktonic Copepods. http://copepodes.obs-banyuls.fr/en.
http://copepodes.obs-banyuls.fr/en... . 1: Equatorial Atlantic (Gulf of Guinea) (Scott 1893SCOTT T. 1893. Report on Entomostraca from the Gulf of Guinea, collected by John Rattray, B.Sc. Trans Linn Soc London (Zoology) 6: 1-161.), 2: NW Atlantic (Grice 1963GRICE GD. 1963. Deep water copepods from the western North Atlantic with notes on five species. Bull Mar Sci Gulf Caribb 13: 493-501.), 3: NW Atlantic (off Bermuda) (Deevey and Brooks 1977DEEVEY GB AND BROOKS AL. 1977. Copepods of the Sargasso Sea off Bermuda: Species Composition, and Vertical and Seasonal Distribution Between the Surface and 2000 m. Bull Mar Sci 27: 256-291.), 4: NE Atlantic (Morocco, Mauritania) (Vives 1982VIVES F. 1982. Sur les copépodes de la région CINECA (parties nord et centrale). In: HEMPEL G (Ed), The Canary Current: studies of an upwelling system: Rapports et Proces-verbaux des Réunions. Conseil International pour l'Éxploration de la Mer, p. 289-296.), 5: NE Atlantic (Canary Is.) (Lozano Soldevilla et al. 1988LOZANO SOLDEVILLA F, HERNANDEZ F, ROS MM, JIMENEZ S, MINGORANCE MC, PEREZ A AND CONSUELO DE LORENZO M. 1988. Preliminary list of zooplankton of the Canary Islands. I. Cladocera, Copepoda, Euphausiacea, Chetognatha and Salps. Bol Mus Munic Funchal 40: 55-64.), 6: NW African Coast (Huys et al. 1992HUYS R, BOXSHALL GA AND BÖTTGER-SCHNACK R. 1992. On the discovery of the male of Mormonilla Giesbrecht, 1891 (Copepoda: Mormonilloida). Bull the Brit Mus Nat Hist Zool 58: 157-170.), 7: N Atlantic (Ireland) (Holmes 2001HOLMES JMC. 2001. A checklist of the Calanoida and the smaller copepod orders (Crustacea: Copepoda) of Ireland. Bull Irish Biogeogr Soc 25: 7-73.), 8: NW Atlantic (off E Nova Scotia) (Sameoto et al. 2002SAMEOTO DD, OCEANOGRAPHY BIO, COCHRANE NA, FISHERIES CDO AND OCEANS. 2002. Seasonal Abundance, Vertical and Geographic Distribution of Mesozooplankton, Macrozooplankton and Micronekton in the Gully and Western Scotian Shelf (1999-2000). Ocean Sciences Division, Maritimes Region, Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Bedford Institute of Oceanography.), 9: NW Atlantic (Ivanenko and Defaye 2006IVANENKO VN AND DEFAYE D. 2006. Planktonic Deep-water Copepods of the Family Mormonillidae Giesbrecht, 1893 from the East Pacific Rise (13N), the Northeastern Atlantic, and Near the North Pole (Copepoda, Mormonilloida). Crustaceana 79: 707-726.), 10: Caribbean Sea (Morales-Ramirez and Suarez-Morales 2008MORALES-RAMIREZ A AND SUAREZ-MORALES E. 2008. Copepods. Marine Biodiversity of Costa Rica, Central America, p. 291-305.), 11: NW Atlantic (Colombian Caribbean) (Medellín-Mora and Navas S 2010MEDELLÍN-MORA J AND NAVAS S GR. 2010. Listado taxonómico de copépodos (Arthropoda: Crustacea) del mar Caribe Colombiano. Bol Investig Mar Cost INVEMAR 39: 265-306.).

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TABLE I
Samples in which Mormonilla phasma (Mormonilloida) occurred at the Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago and Potiguar Basin (RN).

Figure 1 - Studies that recorded Mormonilla phasma (Mormonilloida) from the Atlantic Ocean, compiled from Razouls et al. (2005-2012)RAZOULS C, DE BOVÉE F, KOUWENBERG J AND DESREUMAUX N. 2005-2012. Diversity and Geographic Distribution of Marine Planktonic Copepods. http://copepodes.obs-banyuls.fr/en.
http://copepodes.obs-banyuls.fr/en... . 1: Equatorial Atlantic (Gulf of Guinea) (Scott 1893SCOTT T. 1893. Report on Entomostraca from the Gulf of Guinea, collected by John Rattray, B.Sc. Trans Linn Soc London (Zoology) 6: 1-161.), 2: NW Atlantic (Grice 1963GRICE GD. 1963. Deep water copepods from the western North Atlantic with notes on five species. Bull Mar Sci Gulf Caribb 13: 493-501.), 3: NW Atlantic (off Bermuda) (Deevey and Brooks 1977DEEVEY GB AND BROOKS AL. 1977. Copepods of the Sargasso Sea off Bermuda: Species Composition, and Vertical and Seasonal Distribution Between the Surface and 2000 m. Bull Mar Sci 27: 256-291.), 4: NE Atlantic (Morocco, Mauritania) (Vives 1982VIVES F. 1982. Sur les copépodes de la région CINECA (parties nord et centrale). In: HEMPEL G (Ed), The Canary Current: studies of an upwelling system: Rapports et Proces-verbaux des Réunions. Conseil International pour l'Éxploration de la Mer, p. 289-296.), 5: NE Atlantic (Canary Is.) (Lozano Soldevilla et al. 1988LOZANO SOLDEVILLA F, HERNANDEZ F, ROS MM, JIMENEZ S, MINGORANCE MC, PEREZ A AND CONSUELO DE LORENZO M. 1988. Preliminary list of zooplankton of the Canary Islands. I. Cladocera, Copepoda, Euphausiacea, Chetognatha and Salps. Bol Mus Munic Funchal 40: 55-64.), 6: NW African Coast (Huys et al. 1992HUYS R, BOXSHALL GA AND BÖTTGER-SCHNACK R. 1992. On the discovery of the male of Mormonilla Giesbrecht, 1891 (Copepoda: Mormonilloida). Bull the Brit Mus Nat Hist Zool 58: 157-170.), 7: N Atlantic (Ireland) (Holmes 2001HOLMES JMC. 2001. A checklist of the Calanoida and the smaller copepod orders (Crustacea: Copepoda) of Ireland. Bull Irish Biogeogr Soc 25: 7-73.), 8: NW Atlantic (off E Nova Scotia) (Sameoto et al. 2002SAMEOTO DD, OCEANOGRAPHY BIO, COCHRANE NA, FISHERIES CDO AND OCEANS. 2002. Seasonal Abundance, Vertical and Geographic Distribution of Mesozooplankton, Macrozooplankton and Micronekton in the Gully and Western Scotian Shelf (1999-2000). Ocean Sciences Division, Maritimes Region, Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Bedford Institute of Oceanography.), 9: NW Atlantic (Ivanenko and Defaye 2006IVANENKO VN AND DEFAYE D. 2006. Planktonic Deep-water Copepods of the Family Mormonillidae Giesbrecht, 1893 from the East Pacific Rise (13N), the Northeastern Atlantic, and Near the North Pole (Copepoda, Mormonilloida). Crustaceana 79: 707-726.), 10: Caribbean Sea (Morales-Ramirez and Suarez-Morales 2008MORALES-RAMIREZ A AND SUAREZ-MORALES E. 2008. Copepods. Marine Biodiversity of Costa Rica, Central America, p. 291-305.), 11: NW Atlantic (Colombian Caribbean) (Medellín-Mora and Navas S 2010MEDELLÍN-MORA J AND NAVAS S GR. 2010. Listado taxonómico de copépodos (Arthropoda: Crustacea) del mar Caribe Colombiano. Bol Investig Mar Cost INVEMAR 39: 265-306.).

TABLE I Samples in which Mormonilla phasma (Mormonilloida) occurred at the Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago and Potiguar Basin (RN).

Study Area	Latitude	Longitude	Water Mass	Depth	Time	Date	No. specimens	Density (ind.m^-3)
SPSPA	00°55,060 N	29°20,393 W	TW	80-100m	Day	Sep/2011	2	1.44
	00°54,979 N	29°21,076 W	TW	60-80m	Day	Sep/2011	1	0.16
	00°55,060 N	29°20,393 W	TW	80-100m	Night	Oct/2011	2	1.33
Potiguar Basin (RN)	04°47,32 S	036°09,39 W	SACW	260±2m	Day	Nov/2009	1	0.06
	04°46,42 S	036°09,16 W	SACW	365±2m	Day	Dec/2009	10	0.32
	04°46,42 S	036°09,16 W	AIW	810±2m	Day	Dec/2009	7	0.27
	04°36,90 S	036°31,69 W	SACW	350±2m	Day	Nov/2009	5	0.05
	04°39,18 S	036°31,69 W	SACW	410±2m	Day	Nov/2009	3	0.07
	04°39,18 S	036°31,69 W	AIW	925±2m	Day	Nov/2009	46	0.21
	04°39,18 S	036°31,69 W	NADW	1600±2m	Day	Nov/2009	22	0.17
	04°260,34 S	036°25,92 W	NADW	1600±2m	Day	Nov/2009	11	0.10

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The first occurrence of the Order Mormonilloida (Copepoda) in the Tropical Southwest Atlantic Ocean

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[1] Correspondence to: Pedro Augusto Mendes de Castro Melo E-mail: pedroamcm@gmail.com