The 1991 explosive Hudson volcanic eruption as a geochronological marker for the Northern Antarctic Peninsula

EVANGELISTA, HEITOR; CASTAGNA, ALEXANDRE; CORREIA, ALEXANDRE; POTOCKI, MARIUSZ; AQUINO, FRANCISCO; ALENCAR, ALEXANDRE; MAYEWSKI, PAUL; KURBATOV, ANDREI; JAÑA, RICARDO; NOGUEIRA, JULIANA; LICINIO, MARCUS; ALVES, ELAINE; SIMÕES, JEFFERSON C.

doi:10.1590/0001-3765202220210810

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GEOSCIENCES • An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc. 94 (suppl 1) • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202220210810 linkcopy

The 1991 explosive Hudson volcanic eruption as a geochronological marker for the Northern Antarctic Peninsula

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

It is estimated that the explosive Hudson volcano eruption in Southern Chile injected approximately 2.7 km³ of basalt and trachyandesite tephra into the troposphere between August 8-15, 1991. The Hudson signal has been detected in Antarctica at the eastern sector and in South Pole snow. In this work, we track the Hudson volcanic plume using a dispersion model, remote sensing, and a re-analysis of a high-resolution ice core analysis from the Detroit Plateau in the Antarctic Peninsula and sedimentary records from shallow lakes from King George Island (KGI). The Hudson eruption imprint in these records is confirmed by using a weekly resolved aerosol concentration database from KGI demonstrating that the regional impact of Hudson eruption predominates over the Mount Pinatubo/Phillippines volcanic signal, dated from June 1991, in terms of particulate matter depositions. The aerosol elemental composition of Ca, Fe, Ti, Si, Al, Zn, and Pb increases from 2 to 3 orders of magnitude in background level during the days following the eruption of the Hudson volcano.

Key words
Aerosols; Antarctic Peninsula; Hudson volcano; Volcanism

Authorship

person HEITOR EVANGELISTA

0000-0001-9832-1141

person ALEXANDRE CASTAGNA

schoolProtistology and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, 9000, Gent, BelgiumGhent UniversityBelgiumGent, BelgiumProtistology and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, 9000, Gent, Belgium

0000-0002-6069-1574

person ALEXANDRE CORREIA

schoolUniversidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física, Departamento de Física Aplicada, Rua do Matão, 1371, 05508-090 São Paulo, SP, BrazilUniversidade de São PauloBrazilSão Paulo, SP, BrazilUniversidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física, Departamento de Física Aplicada, Rua do Matão, 1371, 05508-090 São Paulo, SP, Brazil

0000-0003-0044-9097

person MARIUSZ POTOCKI

schoolClimate Change Institute, University of Maine, 168 College Avenue, 04469, Orono, Maine, USAUniversity of MaineUSAOrono, Maine, USAClimate Change Institute, University of Maine, 168 College Avenue, 04469, Orono, Maine, USAschoolSchool of Earth and Climate Sciences, University of Maine, 168 College Avenue, 04469, Orono, Maine, USAUniversity of MaineUSAOrono, Maine, USASchool of Earth and Climate Sciences, University of Maine, 168 College Avenue, 04469, Orono, Maine, USA

0000-0002-1110-9568

person FRANCISCO AQUINO

schoolUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Centro Polar e Climático, Instituto de Geociências, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, 90650-001 Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulBrazilPorto Alegre, RS, BrazilUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Centro Polar e Climático, Instituto de Geociências, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, 90650-001 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil

0000-0003-2993-1100

person ALEXANDRE ALENCAR

0000-0002-8104-1781

person PAUL MAYEWSKI

0000-0002-3360-763X

person ANDREI KURBATOV

schoolClimate Change Institute, University of Maine, 168 College Avenue, 04469, Orono, Maine, USAUniversity of MaineUSAOrono, Maine, USAClimate Change Institute, University of Maine, 168 College Avenue, 04469, Orono, Maine, USAschoolUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Centro Polar e Climático, Instituto de Geociências, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, 90650-001 Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulBrazilPorto Alegre, RS, BrazilUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Centro Polar e Climático, Instituto de Geociências, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, 90650-001 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil

0000-0002-9819-9251

person RICARDO JAÑA

schoolChilean Antarctic Institute, Plaza Benjamín Muñoz Gamero 1055, Punta Arenas, Magallanes, ChileChilean Antarctic InstituteChileMagallanes, ChileChilean Antarctic Institute, Plaza Benjamín Muñoz Gamero 1055, Punta Arenas, Magallanes, Chile

0000-0003-3319-1168

person JULIANA NOGUEIRA

schoolUniversidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, LARAMG – Laboratório de Radioecologia e Mudanças Climáticas, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, 20550-013 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrazilUniversidade do Estado do Rio de JaneiroBrazilRio de Janeiro, RJ, BrazilUniversidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, LARAMG – Laboratório de Radioecologia e Mudanças Climáticas, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, 20550-013 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrazilschoolFaculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Prague, Czech RepublicCzech University of Life Sciences PragueCzech RepublicPrague, Czech RepublicFaculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Prague, Czech Republic

0000-0003-4858-8774

person MARCUS LICINIO

schoolUniversidade Federal do Espírito Santo/UFES, CCS, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Laboratório de Radiometria Ambiental, Prédio Basico I, Av. Marechal Campos, 1468, 29043-900 Vitória, ES, BrazilUniversidade Federal do Espírito Santo/UFESBrazilVitória, ES, BrazilUniversidade Federal do Espírito Santo/UFES, CCS, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Laboratório de Radiometria Ambiental, Prédio Basico I, Av. Marechal Campos, 1468, 29043-900 Vitória, ES, Brazil

0000-0003-3589-5652

person ELAINE ALVES

0000-0001-9620-9498

person JEFFERSON C. SIMÕES

schoolClimate Change Institute, University of Maine, 168 College Avenue, 04469, Orono, Maine, USAUniversity of MaineUSAOrono, Maine, USAClimate Change Institute, University of Maine, 168 College Avenue, 04469, Orono, Maine, USAschoolUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Centro Polar e Climático, Instituto de Geociências, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, 90650-001 Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulBrazilPorto Alegre, RS, BrazilUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Centro Polar e Climático, Instituto de Geociências, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, 90650-001 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil

0000-0001-5555-3401

Correspondence to: Juliana Nogueira E-mail: de_sousa_nogueira@fld.czu.cz

AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS

Evangelista, H.: paper writing and coordination of related activities in the paper. Castagna A.: remote sensing analysis. Correia, A.: aerosol sampling in King George Island and elemental analysis. Potocki, M.: logistics, ice core sampling at Detroit Plateau and ice core dating. Simões, J.C.: paper writing and discussions/ ice core sampling at Detroit Plateau. Aquino, F.: logistics and ice core sampling at Detroit Plateau. Alencar, A.S.: aerosol sampling and ice core drilling at Detroit Plateau. Mayewski, P.A. : Ice core analysis and discussions. Kurbatov, A.: ice core drilling at Detroit Plateau paper discussions. Jaña, R.: logistics and ice core sampling at Detroit Plateau. Nogueira, J.: paper writing and discussions. Marcus V.V.J. Licinio: Sediment coring at King George Island, dating and elemental composition. Alves, E.: Atmospheric dispersion modeling.

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, LARAMG – Laboratório de Radioecologia e Mudanças Climáticas, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, 20550-013 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrazilUniversidade do Estado do Rio de JaneiroBrazilRio de Janeiro, RJ, BrazilUniversidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, LARAMG – Laboratório de Radioecologia e Mudanças Climáticas, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, 20550-013 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

Protistology and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, 9000, Gent, BelgiumGhent UniversityBelgiumGent, BelgiumProtistology and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, 9000, Gent, Belgium

Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física, Departamento de Física Aplicada, Rua do Matão, 1371, 05508-090 São Paulo, SP, BrazilUniversidade de São PauloBrazilSão Paulo, SP, BrazilUniversidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física, Departamento de Física Aplicada, Rua do Matão, 1371, 05508-090 São Paulo, SP, Brazil

Climate Change Institute, University of Maine, 168 College Avenue, 04469, Orono, Maine, USAUniversity of MaineUSAOrono, Maine, USAClimate Change Institute, University of Maine, 168 College Avenue, 04469, Orono, Maine, USA

School of Earth and Climate Sciences, University of Maine, 168 College Avenue, 04469, Orono, Maine, USAUniversity of MaineUSAOrono, Maine, USASchool of Earth and Climate Sciences, University of Maine, 168 College Avenue, 04469, Orono, Maine, USA

Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Centro Polar e Climático, Instituto de Geociências, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, 90650-001 Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulBrazilPorto Alegre, RS, BrazilUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Centro Polar e Climático, Instituto de Geociências, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, 90650-001 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil

Chilean Antarctic Institute, Plaza Benjamín Muñoz Gamero 1055, Punta Arenas, Magallanes, ChileChilean Antarctic InstituteChileMagallanes, ChileChilean Antarctic Institute, Plaza Benjamín Muñoz Gamero 1055, Punta Arenas, Magallanes, Chile

Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Prague, Czech RepublicCzech University of Life Sciences PragueCzech RepublicPrague, Czech RepublicFaculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Prague, Czech Republic

Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo/UFES, CCS, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Laboratório de Radiometria Ambiental, Prédio Basico I, Av. Marechal Campos, 1468, 29043-900 Vitória, ES, BrazilUniversidade Federal do Espírito Santo/UFESBrazilVitória, ES, BrazilUniversidade Federal do Espírito Santo/UFES, CCS, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Laboratório de Radiometria Ambiental, Prédio Basico I, Av. Marechal Campos, 1468, 29043-900 Vitória, ES, Brazil

Figures

Figures (7)

Thumbnail

Figure 1 Image in the upper part was acquired by the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II (SAGE II) flying aboard NASA’s Earth Radiation Budget Satellite (ERBS). It corresponds to the dispersion of Pinatubo (white square) ash around the globe (1020 nm Optical Depth). It shows composite data between August 13 to September 30 of 1991 (https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/1510/global-effects-of-mount-pinatubo). In the window below, the sector where Hudson (green dot) ash had the most significant impact on August 12 of the same year (inferred from the aerosol index product TOMS/NASA sensor).

Thumbnail

Figure 2 (a) General location of the study site indicating ice core and sediment core sampling and aerosol monitoring; (b) King George Island with Admiralty Bay (with glaciers drainage system) highlighted; (c) location of sampling sites (1/2/3) inside Admiralty Bay; (d) sediment coring site: terminus of Ecology glacier; (d) sediment coring site: Agatha Point.

Thumbnail

Figure 3 Transport and dispersion of volcanic ash simulated by the HYSPLIT/NOAA Volcanic Ash Model (https://www.ready.noaa.gov/HYSPLIT_ash.php) originated from the Hudson volcano (black triangle) during the second eruptive episode on August 12-15 and subsequent days.

Thumbnail

Figure 4 Joint analysis of the Aerosol Index and the transport and dispersion of volcanic ash simulations originated at Hudson volcano (red dot) from the second eruptive episode and subsequent days. The envelope of the dispersion plume is shown.

Thumbnail

Figure 5 (a) Aerosol elemental composition monitored in King George Island in 1991 depicting increases in Ca, Fe, Ti, Si, and Al, when compared to the annual background, coincident with the eruption activity of Hudson volcano; (b) Ice core chronology, based on H₂O₂ data from Potocki et al., 2016, at Detroit Plateau Antarctic Peninsula showing a corresponding increase in Fe, Ti, Si, and Ba.

Thumbnail

Figure 6 (a) Sedimentary profile of Pb and Zn in pro-glacial lakes of King George Island/Admiralty Bay; (b) Pb and Zn concentrations in aerosols of King George Island/Admiralty Bay. The peak corresponding to Hudson volcanic eruption is highlighted.

Thumbnail

Figure 7 A composite from the current literature of sites where 1991 Hudson volcanism was detected (including data in this issue).

imageFigure 1 Image in the upper part was acquired by the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II (SAGE II) flying aboard NASA’s Earth Radiation Budget Satellite (ERBS). It corresponds to the dispersion of Pinatubo (white square) ash around the globe (1020 nm Optical Depth). It shows composite data between August 13 to September 30 of 1991 (https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/1510/global-effects-of-mount-pinatubo). In the window below, the sector where Hudson (green dot) ash had the most significant impact on August 12 of the same year (inferred from the aerosol index product TOMS/NASA sensor). open_in_new

imageFigure 2 (a) General location of the study site indicating ice core and sediment core sampling and aerosol monitoring; (b) King George Island with Admiralty Bay (with glaciers drainage system) highlighted; (c) location of sampling sites (1/2/3) inside Admiralty Bay; (d) sediment coring site: terminus of Ecology glacier; (d) sediment coring site: Agatha Point. open_in_new

imageFigure 3 Transport and dispersion of volcanic ash simulated by the HYSPLIT/NOAA Volcanic Ash Model (https://www.ready.noaa.gov/HYSPLIT_ash.php) originated from the Hudson volcano (black triangle) during the second eruptive episode on August 12-15 and subsequent days. open_in_new

imageFigure 4 Joint analysis of the Aerosol Index and the transport and dispersion of volcanic ash simulations originated at Hudson volcano (red dot) from the second eruptive episode and subsequent days. The envelope of the dispersion plume is shown. open_in_new

imageFigure 5 (a) Aerosol elemental composition monitored in King George Island in 1991 depicting increases in Ca, Fe, Ti, Si, and Al, when compared to the annual background, coincident with the eruption activity of Hudson volcano; (b) Ice core chronology, based on H₂O₂ data from Potocki et al., 2016, at Detroit Plateau Antarctic Peninsula showing a corresponding increase in Fe, Ti, Si, and Ba. open_in_new

imageFigure 6 (a) Sedimentary profile of Pb and Zn in pro-glacial lakes of King George Island/Admiralty Bay; (b) Pb and Zn concentrations in aerosols of King George Island/Admiralty Bay. The peak corresponding to Hudson volcanic eruption is highlighted. open_in_new

imageFigure 7 A composite from the current literature of sites where 1991 Hudson volcanism was detected (including data in this issue). open_in_new

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