Association between <i>Ichthyocladius</i> (Diptera: Chironomidae) and armored catfishes in the Guareí River basin, São Paulo State, Brazil

AZEVEDO-SANTOS, VALTER M.; SHIMABUKURO, ERIKA M.; PELICICE, FERNANDO M.; HENRY, RAOUL

doi:10.1590/0001-3765202220201829

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ANIMAL SCIENCE • An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc. 94 (4) • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202220201829 copy

Association between Ichthyocladius (Diptera: Chironomidae) and armored catfishes in the Guareí River basin, São Paulo State, Brazil

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Ichthyocladius is a genus of chironomid (Diptera, Insecta) whose immature forms live attached to the bodies of some species of freshwater fishes. Here we investigate the association between Ichthyocladius spp. and armored catfish in streams of the Guareí River basin, Paraná River system, Brazil. We provide the first record of I. lilianae associated with fish in the São Paulo State and the Paraná River basin. In addition, this is the first report of Ichthyocladius associated with the armored catfishes Hypostomus iheringii and H. tietensis. Lastly, we record two undescribed species of Chironomidae (i.e., Ichthyocladius sp. 1 and Ichthyocladius sp. 2) associated with fishes.

Key words
fish fins; insects; larvae; Loricariidae; pupae; Upper Paraná River basin

Reach	Hosts	Associated species (local in the fish)
R1	One Hypostomus iheringii (Regan, 1908)	Three larvae of Ichthyocladius lilianae (right eye; left eye; lateral of the adipose fin)
R1	One Hypostomus tietensis (Ihering, 1905)	One larvae of Ichthyocladius sp.1 (right eye); and one larvae of I. lilianae (lateral of the adipose fin)
R2	One Hypostomus iheringii (Regan, 1908)	One larvae of I. lilianae (lateral of the adipose fin)
R2	One Hypostomus iheringii (Regan, 1908)	Two larvae of I. lilianae (pectoral fin; lateral of the adipose fin)
R2	One Hypostomus iheringii (Regan, 1908)	One larvae of I. lilianae (lateral of adipose fin)
R2	One Hypostomus iheringi (Regan, 1908)	Two larvae of Ichthyocladius sp. 2 (both on the lateral of the adipose fin); two larvae of I. lilianae (near to the adipose fin and other between the adipose fin and caudal fin); and one prepupa of I. lilianae (near to the adipose fin basin).

Host (fish)	Hydrographic basins	Brazilian State	Reference
SILURIFORMES
Loricariidae
Ancistrus cf. multispinis (Regan, 1912)	Maquiné River	Rio Grande do Sul	Sydow et al. (2008)SYDOW VG, VILELLA FS, HARTZ SM & RODRIGUES GG. 2008. Ichthyocladius (Diptera, Chironomidae) on loricariid fishes in Atlantic Forest streams: influence of host size and corporal region on larval attachment. Acta Limnol Bras 20: 333-337.
Harttia sp.	São Francisco River	Minas Gerais	Mendes et al. (2004)MENDES HF, ANDERSEN T & SÆTHER OA. 2004. New species of Ichthyocladius Fittkau, a member of the Corynoneura-Group (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae), with a review of the genus. Stud Neotrop Fauna E 39: 15-35. https://doi.org/10.1080/01650520412331270936. https://doi.org/10.1080/0165052041233127...
Hypostomus cf. garmani (Regan, 1904)	São Francisco River	Minas Gerais	Mendes et al. (2004)MENDES HF, ANDERSEN T & SÆTHER OA. 2004. New species of Ichthyocladius Fittkau, a member of the Corynoneura-Group (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae), with a review of the genus. Stud Neotrop Fauna E 39: 15-35. https://doi.org/10.1080/01650520412331270936. https://doi.org/10.1080/0165052041233127...
Hypostomus iheringii (Regan, 1908)	Guareí River	São Paulo	This work
Hypostomus tietensis (Ihering, 1905)	Guareí River	São Paulo	This work
Pareiorhaphis hypselurus (Pereira & Reis, 2002)	Maquiné River	Rio Grande do Sul	Sydow et al. (2008)SYDOW VG, VILELLA FS, HARTZ SM & RODRIGUES GG. 2008. Ichthyocladius (Diptera, Chironomidae) on loricariid fishes in Atlantic Forest streams: influence of host size and corporal region on larval attachment. Acta Limnol Bras 20: 333-337., Dala-Corte & Melo (2018)DALA-CORTE RB & MELO AS. 2018. Living on a catfish: nested occupation of ectosymbiont chironomids on host body. Can J Zool 96(7): 692-699. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2017-0141. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2017-0141...
Pareiorhaphis nudula (Reis & Pereira, 1999)	Maquiné River	Rio Grande do Sul	Sydow et al. (2008)SYDOW VG, VILELLA FS, HARTZ SM & RODRIGUES GG. 2008. Ichthyocladius (Diptera, Chironomidae) on loricariid fishes in Atlantic Forest streams: influence of host size and corporal region on larval attachment. Acta Limnol Bras 20: 333-337.
Pareiorhina rudolphi (Miranda Ribeiro, 1911)	Preto River	Rio de Janeiro	Henriques-Oliveira & Nessimian (2009)HENRIQUES-OLIVEIRA AL & NESSIMIAN JL. 2009. Phoresy and commensalism of Chironomidae larvae (Insecta: Diptera) in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Lundiana 10(1): 11-18.
Trichomycteridae
Trichomycterus mirissumba Costa, 1992	Preto River	Rio de Janeiro	Henriques-Oliveira & Nessimian (2009)HENRIQUES-OLIVEIRA AL & NESSIMIAN JL. 2009. Phoresy and commensalism of Chironomidae larvae (Insecta: Diptera) in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Lundiana 10(1): 11-18.

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[1] Correspondence to: Valter M. Azevedo-Santos E-mail: valter.ecologia@gmail.com