Morphometric Analysis and Synopsis of <i>Pseudognaphalium</i> (Gnaphalieae, Asteraceae) in North America

FREIRE, SUSANA E.; GROSSI, MARIANA A.; BAYÓN, NÉSTOR D.; MONTI, CLAUDIA

doi:10.1590/0001-3765202220200082

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CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY • An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc. 94 (4) • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202220200082 copy

Morphometric Analysis and Synopsis of Pseudognaphalium (Gnaphalieae, Asteraceae) in North America

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Abstract

Pseudognaphalium Kirp. (Asteraceae, Gnaphalieae) consist of about 60 species mainly distributed in South, Central, and North America. As a first contribution toward a comprehensive taxonomic review of Pseudognaphalium, we perform here the first morphometric analysis of North American species, using UPGMA method for the construction of the dendrogram. Based upon these results we present a synopsis including a key to identify species and their associated synonymy. Thirty-seven species are recognized, two taxa are newly synonymized, Pseudognaphalium microcephalum under the name P. canescens and Pseudognaphalium semilanatum under the name P. semiamplexicaule, and two other names are confirmed as synonyms as previously proposed, Pseudognaphalium micradenium as a synonym of P. helleri and Pseudognaphalium crenatum as a synonym of P. viscosum. Lectotypes are newly designated for Gnaphalium beneolens, G. berlandieri (= Pseudognaphalium stramineum), Gnaphalium decurrens (= Pseudognaphalium macounii), G. leucocephalum, G. oxyphyllum, G. oxyphyllum var. semilanatum (= P. semiamplexicaule), G. semiamplexicaule, G. sulphurescens (= P. stramineum), G. thermale, and second-step lectotypifications are proposed for G. helleri and G. wrightii (= P. canescens). In addition, the first illustrations of Pseudognaphalium helleri and P. semiamplexicaule, and a colour figure of P. canescens and P. beneolens emphasizing the results of the morphometric analysis are provided.

Key words
Cluster analysis/UPGMA dendrogram; compositae; morphology; phenetics; taxonomy

Vegetative characters:
1. plant height (cm); 2. stem (1 = 0, 2 or 3 = 1, 4 or more = 2); 3. winged stem (absent = 0, present = 1); 4. filiform stems (absent = 0, present = 1); 5. stem pubescence (woolly = 0, lanuginose = 1, glandular = 2); 6. leaf length (cm); 7. leaf width (cm); 8. leaf apex (acute = 0, acuminate = 1, obtuse to rounded = 2); 9. leaf base (attenuate = 0, rounded = 1, decurrent = 2, clasping = 3); 10. leaf margins (flat = 0, undulate = 1); 11. leaf adaxial surface (lanuginose = 0, wolly = 1, glandular = 2, arachnoid = 3); 12. leaf abaxial surface (lanuginose = 0, wolly = 1, glandular = 2); 13. basal rosette of leaves at flowering (whitered = 0, fresh/persistent = 1).
Reproductive characters:
14. capitula arrangement (lax corymbs = 0, dense corymbs = 1, paniculiform corymbs = 2); 15. involucre height (mm); 16. involucre diameter (mm); 17. number of series of phyllaries (3 or 4 = 0, 5 or 6 = 1, 7 or more = 2); 18. phyllary number (#); 19. outer phyllary length (mm); 20. outer phyllary width (mm); 21. outer phyllary apex (acute = 0, obtuse = 1); 22. inner phyllary length (mm); 23. inner phyllary width (mm); 24. inner phyllary apex (acute or acuminate = 0, obtuse to rounded = 1); 25. inner phyllary color (white or creamy = 0, brownish = 1, yellowish or stramineous = 2, pinkish or purple = 3); 26. inner phyllary transparency (shiny = 0, opaque = 1); 27. marginal florets number (#); 28. marginal floret corolla length (mm); 29. disc florets number (#); 30. disc corolla length (mm); 31. disc corolla lobes (yellowish = 0, dark = 1); 32. disc corolla lobes pubescence (smooth = 0, papillose = 1); 33. achenes length (mm); 34. achenes diameter (mm); 35. achenes epidermis (smooth = 0, papillose = 1); 36. pappus length (mm).

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[1] Correspondence to: Susana Edith Freire E-mail: sfreire@darwin.edu.ar