C/ Fe3O4 |
Microwave |
Nanowires |
Battery |
(Muraliganth et al. 2009MURALIGANTH T, VADIVEL MURUGAN A & MANTHIRAM A. 2009. Facile synthesis of carbon-decorated single-crystalline Fe3 O4 nanowires and their application as high performance anode in lithium ion batteries. Chem Commun 7360-7362.) |
C/CoO |
Reflux method |
Nanoflakes |
Battery |
(Jiang et al. 2019JIANG J, MA C, MA T, ZHU J, LIU J, YANG G & YANG Y. 2019. A novel CoO hierarchical morphologies on carbon nanofiber for improved reversibility as binder-free anodes in lithium/sodium ion batteries. J Alloys Compd 794: 385-395.) |
C/LiFePO4
|
Modified Pechini method |
Porous nanoarchitecture |
Battery |
(Dimesso et al. 2011DIMESSO L, SPANHEIMER C, JACKE S & JAEGERMANN W. 2011. Synthesis and characterization of LiFePO4/3-dimensional carbon nanostructure composites as possible cathode materials for Li-ion batteries. Ionics 17: 429-435.) |
C/W0.4Mo0.6O3 andC/WOx-MoO2
|
Microwave |
Nanorods |
Battery |
(Yoon & Manthiram 2011YOON S & MANTHIRAM A. 2011. Microwave-hydrothermal synthesis of W0.4Mo0.6O 3 and carbon-decorated WOx-MoO2 nanorod anodes for lithium ion batteries. J Mater Chem 21: 4082-4085.) |
C/ZnFe2O4
|
Hydrothermal |
Nanospheres |
Battery |
(Yao et al. 2017YAO L, DENG H, HUANG QA, SU Q & DU G. 2017. Three-dimensional carbon-coated ZnFe2O4 nanospheres/nitrogen-doped graphene aerogels as anode for lithium-ion batteries. Ceram Int 43: 1022-1028.) |
Ca9Co12O28
|
Modified Pechini method |
Nanoplates |
Battery |
(Zhou et al. 2019bZHOU S, TAO Z, LIU J, WANG X, MEI T, WANG X. 2019b. Bricklike Ca9Co12O28 as an Active/Inactive Composite for Lithium-Ion Batteries with Enhanced Rate Performances. ACS Omega 4: 6452-6458.) |
Fe2O3
|
Hydrothermal |
Nanorod |
Battery |
(Lin et al. 2011LIN YM, ABEL PR, HELLER A & MULLINS CB. 2011. α-Fe2O3 nanorods as anode material for lithium ion batteries. J Phys Chem Lett 2: 2885-2891.) |
GraphiteC/LiCoO2
|
Mechanochemistry |
Platelet-like |
Battery |
(Kwon, 2013) |
Li1.2(Mn0.62Ni0.38)0.8O2
|
Co-precipitation |
Core-shell |
Battery |
(Koenig et al. 2011KOENIG GM, BELHAROUAK I, DENG H, SUN YK & AMINE K. 2011. Composition-Tailored Synthesis of Gradient Transition Metal Precursor Particles for Lithium-Ion Battery Cathode Materials. Chem Mater 23: 1954-1963.) |
Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2
|
Co-precipitation |
Octahedral |
Battery |
(He et al. 2018HE W ET AL. 2018. Coprecipitation-Gel Synthesis and Degradation Mechanism of Octahedral Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2 as High-Performance Cathode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 10: 23018-23028.) |
Li1+xV3O8 (x = 0.07/0.2) |
Mechanochemistry |
-- |
Battery |
(Kosova & Devyatkina 2004KOSOVA N & DEVYATKINA E. 2004. On mechanochemical preparation of materials with enhanced characteristics for lithium batteries. Solid State Ionics 172: 181-184.) |
Li4Ti5O12
|
Hydrothermal |
Flower-like |
Battery |
(Wang et al. 2015WANG L, ZHANG Y, SCOFIELD ME, YUE S, MCBEAN C, MARSCHILOK AC, TAKEUCHI KJ, TAKEUCHI ES & WONG SS. 2015a. Enhanced Performance of “flower-like” Li4Ti5O12 Motifs as Anode Materials for High-Rate Lithium-Ion Batteries. ChemSusChem 8: 3304-3313.a) |
Li4Ti5O12-TiO2
|
Oil/water interface method |
Nanoflakes |
Battery |
(Liu et al. 2016LIU G, LIU X, WANG L, MA J, XIE H, JI X, GUO J & ZHANG R. 2016. Hierarchical Li4Ti5O12-TiO2 microspheres assembled from nanoflakes with exposed Li4Ti5O12 (011) and anatase TiO2 (001) facets for high-performance lithium-ion batteries. Electrochim Acta 222: 1103-1111.) |
LiCoO2
|
Hydrothermal |
Nanoflake |
Battery |
(Xia et al. 2019XIA Q, NI M, CHEN M & XIA H. 2019. Low-temperature synthesized self-supported single-crystalline LiCoO2 nanoflake arrays as advanced 3D cathodes for flexible lithium-ion batteries. J Mater Chem A 7: 6187-6196.) |
LiCoPO4
|
Hydrothermal Pechini sol-gel |
OrthorhombicprismCrystallized films |
Battery |
(Huang et al. 2005HUANG X, MA J, WU P, HU Y, DAI J, ZHU Z, CHEN H & WANG H. 2005. Hydrothermal synthesis of LiCoPO4 cathode materials for rechargeable lithium ion batteries. Mater Lett 59: 578-582.)(Bhuwaneswari et al. 2010BHUWANESWARI MS, DIMESSO L & JAEGERMANN W. 2010. Preparation of LiCoPO4 powders and films via sol-gel. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 56: 320-326.) |
LiFePo4
|
Pechini methodMechanochemistry |
-- |
Battery |
(Yamada et al. 2001YAMADA A, CHUNG SC & HINOKUMA K. 2001. Optimized LiFePO4 for Lithium Battery Cathodes. J Electrochem Soc 148: A224.)(Kosova & Devyatkina 2004KOSOVA N & DEVYATKINA E. 2004. On mechanochemical preparation of materials with enhanced characteristics for lithium batteries. Solid State Ionics 172: 181-184.) |
LiMn2O4
|
CalcinationMechanochemistry |
--Submicrometric cubes |
Battery |
(Thackeray et al. 1984THACKERAY MM, JOHNSON PJ, DE PICCIOTTO LA, BRUCE PG & GOODENOUGH, JB. 1984. Electrochemical extraction of lithium from LiMn2O4. Mater Res Bull 19: 179-187.)(Wei et al. 2014WEI C, SHEN J, ZHANG J, ZHANG H & ZHU C. 2014. Effects of ball milling on the crystal face of spinel LiMn 2 O 4. RSC Adv 4: 44525-44528.) |
LiMnPO4
|
Solvothermal |
NanorodsNanoplatesNanorods |
Battery |
(Qin et al. 2012QIN Z, ZHOU X, XIA Y, TANG C & LIU Z. 2012. Morphology controlled synthesis and modification of high-performance LiMnPO4 cathode materials for Li-ion batteries. J Mater Chem 22: 21144-21153.) |
LiMnPO4/C |
Pechini method |
Nano-pyramid |
Battery |
(Ragupathi et al. 2019RAGUPATHI V, PANIGRAHI P & NAGARAJAN GS. 2019. Enhanced electrochemical performance of nanopyramid-like LiMnPO4/C cathode for lithium-ion batteries. Appl Surf Sci 495: 143541.) |
LiV3O8
|
Spray pyrolysis |
Yolk–Shell |
Battery |
(Choi & Kang 2013CHOI SH & KANG YC. 2013. Excellent electrochemical properties of Yolk-Shell LiV3O 8 powder and its potential as cathodic material for lithium-ion batteries. Chem - A Eur J 19: 17305-17309.) |
LiVPO4F |
Carbothermal reduction |
-- |
Battery |
(Barker et al. 2005BARKER J, GOVER RKB, BURNS P, BRYAN A, SAIDI MY & SWOYER JL. 2005. Structural and electrochemical properties of lithium vanadium fluorophosphate, LiVPO4F. J Power Sources 146: 516-520.) |
MnO2
|
Precipitation |
Needle-like |
Supercapacitor |
(Chen et al. 2009CHEN S, ZHU J, HAN Q, ZHENG Z, YANG Y & WANG X. 2009. Shape-controlled synthesis of one-dimensional MnO2 via a facile quick-precipitation procedure and its electrochemical properties. Cryst Growth Des 9: 4356-4361.) |
Nb16W5O55
|
Co-thermal oxidation |
Superstructure |
Battery |
(Griffith et al. 2018GRIFFITH KJ, WIADEREK KM, CIBIN G, MARBELLA LE & GREY CP. 2018. Niobium tungsten oxides for high-rate lithium-ion energy storage. Nature 559: 556-563.) |
Nb18W16O93
|
Co-thermal oxidation |
Superstructure |
Battery |
(Griffith et al. 2018GRIFFITH KJ, WIADEREK KM, CIBIN G, MARBELLA LE & GREY CP. 2018. Niobium tungsten oxides for high-rate lithium-ion energy storage. Nature 559: 556-563.) |
Nb2O5
|
Hydrothermal |
NanowiresHollow microspheres |
Supercapacitor |
(Wang et al. 2015WANG L, ZHANG Y, SCOFIELD ME, YUE S, MCBEAN C, MARSCHILOK AC, TAKEUCHI KJ, TAKEUCHI ES & WONG SS. 2015a. Enhanced Performance of “flower-like” Li4Ti5O12 Motifs as Anode Materials for High-Rate Lithium-Ion Batteries. ChemSusChem 8: 3304-3313.b)(Kong et al. 2016KONG L, ZHANG C, WANG J, QIAO W, LING L & LONG D. 2016. Nanoarchitectured Nb2O5 hollow, Nb2O5 @carbon and NbO2 @carbon Core-Shell Microspheres for Ultrahigh-Rate Intercalation Pseudocapacitors. Sci Rep 6: 1-10.) |
Nb2O5/C |
Modified Pechini method |
Mesoporous |
Supercapacitor |
(Lim et al. 2014LIM E ET AL. 2014. Advanced hybrid supercapacitor based on a mesoporous niobium pentoxide/carbon as high-performance anode. ACS Nano 8: 8968-8978.) |
Nb2O5@C |
Hydrothermal |
Core-shell |
Supercapacitor |
(Kong et al. 2016KONG L, ZHANG C, WANG J, QIAO W, LING L & LONG D. 2016. Nanoarchitectured Nb2O5 hollow, Nb2O5 @carbon and NbO2 @carbon Core-Shell Microspheres for Ultrahigh-Rate Intercalation Pseudocapacitors. Sci Rep 6: 1-10.) |
NbC/C |
Electrospinning |
Nanofibers |
Supercapacitor and Battery |
(Tolosa et al. 2016TOLOSA A, KRÜNER B, FLEISCHMANN S, JÄCKEL N, ZEIGER M, ASLAN M, GROBELSEK I & PRESSER V. 2016. Niobium carbide nanofibers as a versatile precursor for high power supercapacitor and high energy battery electrodes. J Mater Chem A 4: 16003-16016.) |
NbO2@C |
Hydrothermal |
Core-shell |
Supercapacitor |
(Kong et al. 2016KONG L, ZHANG C, WANG J, QIAO W, LING L & LONG D. 2016. Nanoarchitectured Nb2O5 hollow, Nb2O5 @carbon and NbO2 @carbon Core-Shell Microspheres for Ultrahigh-Rate Intercalation Pseudocapacitors. Sci Rep 6: 1-10.) |
NiCo2O4
|
Microwave |
Sheets |
Battery and Supercapacitor |
(Mondal et al. 2015MONDAL AK, SU D, CHEN S, KRETSCHMER K, XIE X, AHN HJ & WANG G. 2015. A microwave synthesis of mesoporous NiCo2O4 nanosheets as electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors. ChemPhysChem 16: 169-175.) |
N-TiO2–B/NG |
Hydrothermal |
Sheets |
Battery |
(Han et al. 2017HAN Z, PENG J, LIU L, WANG G, YU F & GUO X. 2017. Few-layer TiO2-B nanosheets with N-doped graphene nanosheets as a highly robust anode for lithium-ion batteries. RSC Adv 7: 7864-7869.) |
Ti2Nb10O29–x
|
Solvothermal |
Microspheres |
Battery |
(Deng et al. 2017DENG S ET AL. 2017. Ti2Nb10O29-x mesoporous microspheres as promising anode materials for high-performance lithium-ion batteries. J Power Sources 362: 250-257.)(Tang et al. 2014TANG Y ET AL. 2014. Unravelling the correlation between the aspect ratio of nanotubular structures and their electrochemical performance to achieve high-rate and long-life lithium-ion batteries. Angew Chemie - Int Ed 53: 13488-13492.) |
TiO2
|
Hydrothermal |
NanotubularNanowire |
Battery |
(Tang et al. 2014TANG Y ET AL. 2014. Unravelling the correlation between the aspect ratio of nanotubular structures and their electrochemical performance to achieve high-rate and long-life lithium-ion batteries. Angew Chemie - Int Ed 53: 13488-13492.)(Armstrong et al. 2005ARMSTRONG AR, ARMSTRONG G, CANALES J, GARCÍA R & BRUCE PG. 2005. Lithium-ion intercalation into TiO2-B nanowires. Adv Mater 17: 862-865.) |
TiO2-graphene |
Hydrothermal |
Sheets |
Battery |
(Yang et al. 2009YANG Z, CHOI D, KERISIT S, ROSSO KM, WANG D, ZHANG J, GRAFF G & LIU J. 2009. Nanostructures and lithium electrochemical reactivity of lithium titanites and titanium oxides: A review. J Power Sources 192: 588-598.) |
ZIF8 |
Aqueous RefluxMechanochemistry |
NanocrystalsCrystals |
Battery |
(Pan et al. 2011PAN Y, LIU Y, ZENG G, ZHAO L & LAI Z. 2011. Rapid synthesis of zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) nanocrystals in an aqueous system. Chem Commun 47: 2071.)(Beldon et al. 2010BELDON PJ, FÁBIÁN L, STEIN RS, THIRUMURUGAN A, CHEETHAM AK & FRIŠČIĆ T. 2010. Rapid Room-Temperature Synthesis of Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks by Using Mechanochemistry. Angew Chemie Int Ed 49: 9640-9643.) |
ZnFe2O4
|
Co-precipitation |
Nanorods |
Battery |
(Zhong et al. 2016ZHONG XB, YANG ZZ, WANG HY, LU L, JIN B, ZHA M, JIANG QC. 2016. A novel approach to facilely synthesize mesoporous ZnFe2O4 nanorods for lithium ion batteries. J Power Sources 306: 718-723.) |