Evolution of public policies on natural disasters in brazil and worldwide

KUHN, CAIUBI E.S.; REIS, FÁBIO A.G.V.; OLIVEIRA, VINICIUS G. DE; CABRAL, VICTOR C.; GABELINI, BEATRIZ M.; VELOSO, VINICIUS Q.

doi:10.1590/0001-3765202220210869

person CAIUBI E.S. KUHN

conceptualization, writing, analysis; discussion and review

schoolPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Geociências e Meio Ambiente, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Exatas, Avenida 24-A, 1515, Bela Vista, 13506-900 Rio Claro, SP, BrazilschoolUniversidade de Tuebingen, Schnarrenbergstraße 94-96 72076 Tübingen, GermanyschoolUniversidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Rua Quarenta e Nove, 2367, Boa Esperança, 78060-900 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil

0000-0003-1434-9433

person FÁBIO A.G.V. REIS

writing, analysis; discussion and review

schoolUniversidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Exatas, (IGCE), Centro de Geociências Aplicadas ao Petróleo (UNESPetro), Avenida 24-A, 1515, Bela Vista, 13506-900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil

0000-0003-3918-6861

person VINICIUS G. DE OLIVEIRA

writing, analysis; discussion and review

schoolPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Geociências e Meio Ambiente, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Exatas, Avenida 24-A, 1515, Bela Vista, 13506-900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil

0000-0002-2354-1657

person VICTOR C. CABRAL

conceptualization, writing, analysis; discussion and review

schoolPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Geociências e Meio Ambiente, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Exatas, Avenida 24-A, 1515, Bela Vista, 13506-900 Rio Claro, SP, BrazilschoolUniversidade de Tuebingen, Schnarrenbergstraße 94-96 72076 Tübingen, Germany

0000-0001-9113-727X

person BEATRIZ M. GABELINI

writing, analysis; discussion and review

schoolPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Geociências e Meio Ambiente, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Exatas, Avenida 24-A, 1515, Bela Vista, 13506-900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil

0000-0002-7602-5971

person VINICIUS Q. VELOSO

writing, analysis; discussion and review

schoolPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Geociências e Meio Ambiente, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Exatas, Avenida 24-A, 1515, Bela Vista, 13506-900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil

0000-0002-9910-0508

Correspondence to: Caiubi Emanuel Souza Kuhn E-mail:
caiubigeologia@hotmail.com

Period	Description
Military civil defense (1942-1946)	related to the second world war;
Civil defense to deal with disasters (1967-1988)	Civil defense actions linked to the Ministry of the Interior, focused on assisting the population affected by disasters; Creation of FUNCAP;
Beginning of SINDEC (1988-2005)	Civil defense as a legal provision in the Federal Constitution of 1988; Creation of the National Civil Defense System – SINDEC; Standardization of FUNCAP;
SINDEC Consolidation (2005 to the present)	Creation of reference centers for the production and monitoring of information on disasters, and being them, the National Center for Risk and Disaster Management - CENAD and the National Center for Monitoring and Natural Disaster Alerts - CEMADEN; Consolidation of FUNCAP as an instrument to develop measures to prevent natural disasters and reduce risk. Creation of the National Civil Defense and Protection Policy – PNPDEC; The Geological Survey of Brazil now has among its lines of action the mapping of risk areas.

Characteristics	Type I	Type II
Dead	1 to 9	10 or more
Affected people	Up to 99 people	100 or more
Public health, educational or other service facilities damaged or destroyed	1 to 9	10 or more
Damaged or destroyed housing units	1 to 9	10 or more
Damaged or destroyed infrastructure works	1 to 9	10 or more
Public facilities for community use damaged or destroyed	1 to 9	10 or more
Pollution or contamination, recoverable in the short term, from air, water or soil, impairing health and supply	10% to 20% of the population of municipalities with up to ten thousand inhabitants and from 5% to 10% of the population of municipalities with more than ten thousand inhabitants;	More than 10% to 20% of the population of municipalities with up to ten thousand inhabitants and more than 5% to 10% of the population of municipalities with over ten thousand inhabitants;
Seasonal and temporary decrease or depletion of water, impairing water supply	10% to 20% of the population of municipalities with up to 10,000 inhabitants and from 5% to 10% of the population of municipalities with more than 10,000 inhabitants;	More than 10% to 20% of the population of municipalities with up to 10,000 inhabitants and more than 5% to 10% of the population of municipalities with more than 10,000 inhabitants;
Destruction of National, State or Municipal Parks, Environmental Protection Areas and Permanent Preservation Areas.	Up to 40% (forty percent)	More than 40% (forty percent)
Public economic losses in relation to the annual net current revenue of the Municipality, the Federal District or the affected State, related to the collapse of the following essential services	That exceed 2.77% of annual net current revenue	That exceed 8.33% of the annual net current revenue
Private economic losses	Greater than 8.33% of annual net current revenue	That exceed 24.93% of annual net current revenue

Period	Form of registration
until 1967	Absence of systemic national registration. Records can be found in municipal or state agencies and in newspapers.
from 1967 to 1988	Registration in the Ministry of the Interior of the cases in which the resources of the Special Fund for Public Disasters were used, but without the existence of a systemic database. The information from this period obtained through official documents and secondary sources such as newspapers.
from 1988 to 2012	Registration in the local civil defense, based on non-binding documents, that is, there is no systematic organization of all information about disasters; Creation of Disaster, Threats and Risks Codification - CODAR
from 2012 up to the present	Mandatory notification of disasters through the Integrated Disaster Information System - S2ID and link between mandatory documentation and recognition of the disaster or public calamity. Replacement of CODAR by the Brazilian Disaster Codification - COBRADE

Periodical	Total publications
Disasters	15
Natural Hazards Review	14
Science	13
Environmental Management	10
Natural Hazards	9
Plos One	6
Environmental Science And Policy	6
Journal Of Forestry	4
American Journal of Public Health	4
Australian Journal of Emergency Management	3

Evolution of public policies on natural disasters in brazil and worldwide

Abstract