First record of <i>Spirocamallanus krameri </i>(Nematoda: Camallanidae) in Brazil: Morphological review

PINHEIRO, RAUL H.S.; CARDOSO, PATRICK J.C.; MONKS, SCOTT; SANTOS, JEANNIE N.; GIESE, ELANE G.

doi:10.1590/0001-3765202020180721

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BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES • An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc. 92 (suppl 2) • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202020180721 linkcopy

First record of Spirocamallanus krameri (Nematoda: Camallanidae) in Brazil: Morphological review

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

This study aimed to describe the occurrence, morphology and prevalence of Spirocamallanus krameri, a parasite of Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus collected in state of Pará, Brazil. The morphological and morphometric characteristics are consistent with the species S. krameri, by having a hexagonal mouth opening, 16 cephalic papillae and two lateral papillae on the amphids. The buccal capsule is internally different in both sexes, with (11–13) spiral ridges in males and (13–17) spiral ridges in females. The basal ring is well developed, and three teeth are present in males and absent in females. Ten sessile caudal papillae and a pair of phasmidial pores occur in males. The spicules are small, subequal, 81–101 µm in length and the tail is tapered. The vulva in females is postequatorial, the tail is conical with lateral phasmidial pores. Among the species of Spirocamallanus that have short spicules, the general morphology of S. krameri most resembles that of S. inopinatus, but differs from that species, which have two cephalic teeth visible (absent in S. krameri) and specimens of S. inopinatus do not have sexual dimorphism in the buccal capsule of present in S. krameri.

Key words
Fish; parasite; Procamallaninae; state of Pará

Caracteres	Spirocamallanus krameri		S. krameri		S. krameri		S. inopinatus		S. hilarii
Caracteres	Male	Female	Male	Female	Male	Female	Male	Female	Male	Female
Hosts Type locality Authority	Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus Traquateua, Pará, Brazil In this study		Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus French Guiana Petter 1974		Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus Venezuela Moravec et al. 1997		Leporinus sp. Brazil Travassos, Artigas & Pereira 1928		Astyanax fasciatus and Astyanax sp. Vaz & Pereira 1934
Length (mm)^a	7 (6–7.8)	14 (10–16)	7	14–20	5.77–6.90	15.82–24.64	5.12	16–30	6	14
Width	229 (166–266)	379 (326–433)	250	460	272–286	625–666	240	800	200	360
Oral capsule (L)^b	71 (66–75)	96 (88–106)	50	100	51–66	96–108	90	120	57	62
Oral capsule (W)	91 (81–103)	114 (101–136)	90	100	75–93	120–129	–	–	57	62
Ratio oral capsule W/L	1:1.28	1:1.18	1:1.8 ^c	1:1 ^c	1:1.4 ^c	1:1.2 ^c	–	–	1:1 ^c	1:1 ^c
Mouth opening	Hexagonal		Hexagonal		Circular		Circular		Circular
Cephalic papillae	16 (+1) ^d	16 (+1) ^d	14	14	8	8	–	–	–	–
Oral ridge	11–13	13–17	16–20		10–12	14–15	15	15		14–16
Theeth	Present	–	Present	–	Present	–	Absent	Absent	Absent	Absent
Deirid	120 (95–150)	131 (100–147)	100	140	108–120	165–168	–	–	–	–
Nervous ring	161 (140–173)	210 (177–247)	180	250	150–177	218–258	250–320	250–320	200	200
Excretory Pore	310 (261–383)	410 (337–460)	475	500	326	435–476	320	320	360	360
Muscular oesophagus (L)	309 (273–366)	383 (333–453)	325	400	286–299	408–462	360	450	410	410
Glandular oesophagus (L)	443 (366–526)	554 (486–620)	450	575	449–476	639–666	560–760	560–760	1500	2020
Ratio M/G^b	1:1.4 (1:1.2–1.8)	1:1.5 (1:1.3–1.6)	1:1.38 ^c	1:1.44 ^c	1:1.5–1.7	1:1.4–1.6	1:1.83 ^c	1:1.47 ^c	1:3.7 ^c	1:5 ^c
Ratio L/Oc and oesophagus	8.7% (7–10.6)	13% (11–15)	11.78% ^c	6.3% ^c	12.4% ^c	5.9% ^c	21.68% ^c	5.35% ^c	32.8% ^c	17.8% ^c
Vulva (mm)	–	11 (7–12)	–	11.1	–	11.29–13.68	–	–	–	–
Precloacal papillae	4	–	4	–	4	–	2	–	3	–
Additional papillae	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	2	–
Postcloacal papillae	6 (+1) ^e	–	5 (+1) ^e	–	6	–	6	–	3	–
Small spicule	90 (81–101)	–	75	–	72–87	–	120	–	62	–
Large spicule	95 (83–101)	–	80	–	75–87	–	120	–	82	–
Gubernaculum	Absent		Absent		Absent		Absent		Absent
Tail	216 (150–308)	176 (120–223)	280	150	160	160	200	200	160	120
Caudal alae	Absent		Absent		Absent		Absent		Absent
Numbers of specimens	10	10	1	1	–	–	–	–	–	–
Caracteres	S. pexatus		S. paraensis		S. pintoi		S. saofranciscencis		S. belenensis
Caracteres	Male	Female	Male	Female	Male	Female	Male	Female	Male	Female
Hosts Type locality	Trichomycterus brasiliensis Espírito Santo, Brazil Pinto, Fabio, Noronha & Rola 1976		Erythrinus erythrinus Pará–Brazil Pinto & Noronha 1976		Corydora paleatus Paraná, Brazil Kohn & Fernandes 1988		Tetragonopterus chalceus and Acestrorhynchus lacustris Minas Gerais, Brazil Moreira, Oliveira & Costa 1991		Ageneiosus ucayalensis Pará, Brazil Giese, Santos, Lanfredi 2009
Length (mm)^a	3.72–4.26	12.77–20.48	5.2–7.7	12.6–15.7	4.67	21.8–26	4.15–6.29	11.05–18.96	3.5–6.5	10.4–25
Width	210–240	450–720	180–310	310–440	250	950–1160	230–280	480–680	142–210	320–450
Oral capsule (L)^b	53–59	66	70–80	80–100	54	60–71	40–50	60–80	55–75	85–111
Oral capsule (W)	46–59	53–66	90–100	100–110	45	46–56	45–60	70–100	50–70	80–107
Ratio oral capsule W/L	1:09 ^c	1:09 ^c	1:1.2 ^c	1:1.16 ^c	1:0.8 ^c	1:1.16 ^c	1:1.16 ^c	1:1.2 ^c	1:0.9 ^c	1:0.95 ^c
Mouth opening	Circular		Circular		Circular^f		Hexagonal		Hexagonal
Cephalic papillae	–	–	–	–	4	4	12	12	8	8
Oral ridge	5–7	3–4	14–16	14–16	6	9–10	11–15	15–17	8–10	9–13
Theeth	Absent	Absent	Absent	Absent	Absent	Absent	Present	Present	Absent	Absent
Deirid	–	–	–	–	–	–	85–98	101–109	76–130	110–205
Nervous ring	140–160	160–260	140–180	210–230	112	120–158	150–180	180–240	150–200	200–275
Excretory Pore	280	140–290	–	–	156	300	250–300	280–510	200–295	226–421
Muscular oesophagus (L)	300	420–500	340–360	430–440	228	266–296	280–320	340–380	219–285	340–410
Glandular oesophagus (L)	300–360	530–660	470–560	470–560	587	862–1045	500–550	630–790	410–520	530–740
Ratio M/G	1:1 ^c	1:1.3 ^c	1:1.5 ^c	1:1.18 ^c	1:2.6	1.3.4	1:1.72–83	1:1.72–2.19	1:1.5–2	1:1.2
Ratio L/Oc and oesophagus	17% ^c	7% ^c	14.57% ^c	7.34% ^c	18.6% ^c	5.4% ^c	16.7% ^c	7.6% ^c	15.74% ^c	6% ^c
Vulva (mm)	–	6.78–13.04	–	13.43^g	–	16	–	5.82–10.88	–	5.8–13.6
Precloacal papillae	3	–	7	–	4	–	3	–	3	–
Additional papillae	2	–	1	–	–	–	2	–	1	–
Postcloacal papillae	2	–	11	–	2	–	5	–	4–5	–
Small spicule	90–110	–	70–90	–	82	–	83–95	–	58–80	–
Large spicule	90–110	–	70–90	–	94	–	71–83	–	50–75	–
Gubernaculum	Absent		Absent		Absent		Absent		Absent
Tail	150	410	170–180	140–200	120	223–392	160–220	120–210	160–210	150–285
Caudal alae	Absent		Absent		Absent		Absent		Absent
Numbers of specimens	–	–	1	4	1	3	3	13	9	10

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