A new species of <i>Euclymene</i> (Maldanidae, Annelida) from Brazil, with new combinations, and phylogenetic implications for Euclymeninae

ASSIS, JOSÉ ERIBERTO DE; SOUZA, JOSÉ ROBERTO BOTELHO DE; FITZHUGH, KIRK; CHRISTOFFERSEN, MARTIN LINDSEY

doi:10.1590/0001-3765202220210283

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ANIMAL SCIENCE • An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc. 94 (suppl 4) • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202220210283 linkcopy

A new species of Euclymene (Maldanidae, Annelida) from Brazil, with new combinations, and phylogenetic implications for Euclymeninae

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Maldanids are tube-building polychaetes, known as bamboo-worms; inhabit diverse marine regions throughout the world. The subfamily Euclymeninae was proposed to include forms with anal and cephalic plates, a funnel-shaped pygidium, and a terminal anus. Euclymene, the type genus of Euclymeninae, has about 18 valid species. Euclymene vidali sp. nov. is defined and members of the species described from Northeastern Brazil. Members of this species have 23 chaetigers, and one pre-pygidial achaetous segment; nuchal grooves extend through three quarters of the cephalic plate, and there is one acicular spine with a denticulate tip. Euclymene africana, and E. watsoni, are here recognized, respectively, as Isocirrus africana comb. nov., and I. watsoni comb. nov. Three monotypic genera are invalid: Macroclymenella, Eupraxillella, and Pseudoclyemene; their species should be recognized as Clymenella stewartensis com. nov., Praxillella antarctica com. nov., and Praxillela quadrilobata com. nov., respectively. An identification key and a comparative table for all species of Euclymene are provided. A comparative table for all genera of Euclymeninae is also furnished. The paraphyletic status of Euclymene and Euclymeninae is discussed. The taxon Maldanoplaca is not code compliant and should only be regarded as an informal name.

Key words
Euclymeninae; Maldanidae; new species; polychaeta; systematics

Genera	Characters													References
	Cephalic plate	Cephalic plate rim	Cephalic rim notches. Lateral, posterior	Acicular spines, chaetigers 1−3	Chaetigers 1−3 uncini	Circular collar	Glandular ventral shield, chaetiger 8	Campanulate chaetigers	Paired lobules on posterior chaetigers	Vascular cirri on median/posterior chaetigers	Anal funnel	Anal plug	# of chaetigers/achaetigers
Aclymene Buzhinskaj, 1995	Present	Weakly developed	Present	Absent	Present	Absent	Absent	Absent	Present	Absent	Present	Present	18/4	Buzhinskaja 1995, De Assis et al. 2012
Axiothella Verrill, 1900	Present	Well developed	Present	Absent	Present, >3 uncini	Absent	Absent	Absent	Absent	Absent	Present	Absent	19−22/0−2	Day 1967, Jiménez-Cueto & Salazar-Vallejo 1997
Clymenella Verrill, 1873	Present	Well developed	Present	Present	Absent	Present	Absent	Absent	Absent	Absent	Present	Present	18−39/0−5	Day 1967, Imajima & Shiraki 1982
Clymenura Verrill, 1900	Present	Well developed; weakly developed, or some times, absent	Present/absent	Absent	Present	Absent	Yes	Absent	Absent	Absent	Present/absent	Present/Absent	17−19/1−6	Imajima & Shiraki 1982, Read 2011
Euclymene Verrill, 1900	Present	Well developed	Present	Present	Absent	Absent	Absent	Absent	Absent	Absent	Present	Absent	18−24/1−4	Arwidsson 1906, Day 1967
Eupraxillella Hartmann-Schröder & Rosenlfelft, 1989	Present	Well developed	Present	Absent	Present	Absent	Absent	Present	Absent	Absent	Present	Present	More tan 30/4	Hartmann-Schröder & Rosenlfelft 1989
Gravierella Fauvel, 1919	Present	Well developed	Present	Absent	Present	Absent	Absent	Present	Absent	Absent	Present	Absent	60−70/0	Day 1967, De Assis et al. 2012
Heteroclymene Arwidsson, 1906	Present	Well developed	Present	* Present, on chaetigers 1−4	Absent	Absent	Absent	Absent	Absent	Absent	Present	Absent	19/5	Arwidsson 1906, Garwood 2007, Jirkov 2001
Isocirrus Arwidsson, 1906	Present	Well developed	Present	Present	Absent	Absent	Absent	Absent	Absent	Absent	Present	Absent	19−20/1−2	Salazar-Vallejo 1991, De Assis et al. 2012
Jonhstonia Quatrefages, 1866	Present	Well developed	Present	Present	Absent	Absent	Absent	Absent	Absent	Present	Present	Present	19−22/1−3	Mackie & Gobim 1993, De Assis et al. 2012
Leiochone Grube, 1868	Absent	N/A	Absent	Absent	Present	Absent	Present	Absent	Absent	Absent	Absent	Present/absent	19−29/1−5	Read 2011, De Assis et al. 2012
Macroclymene Verrill, 1900	Present	Weakly developed	Present	Absent	Present	Absent	Absent	Present	Absent	Absent	Present	Absent	31−40/0−1	Day 1967, De Assis et al. 2012
Macroclyemenlla Augener, 1926	Present	Well developed	Present	Absent	Present on 1−3	Present	Absent	Absent	Absent	Absent	Absent	Absent	31−34/1	Augener 1926
Maldanella McIntosh, 1885	Present	Weakly developed	Present	Absent	Present on chaetigers 2−3	Absent	Absent	Absent	Absent	Absent	Present	Absent	19/2−3	Day 1967, Detinova 1982
Microclymene Arwidsson, 1906	Present	Weakly developed	Absent	Present	Absent	Absent	Absent	Absent	Absent	Absent	Absent	Present	19/0−3	Arwidsson 1906, Annekova 1937, De Assis et al. 2012
Petaloclymene Augener, 1918	Present	Well developed	Present	Absent	Present	Absent	Absent	Absent	Absent	Absent	Present	Present	38/0	Augener 1918, Green 1997
Praxillella Verrill, 1881	Present	Well developed	Present	Absent	Present	Absent	Absent	Absent	Absent	Absent	Present/absent	Present	18−19/3−4	Garwood 2007, Imajima & Shiraki 1982
Pseudoclymene Arwidsson, 1906	Present	Well developed	Present	Absent	Present	Absent	Absent	Absent	Absent	Absent	Present	Present	19/5	Arwidsson 1906

Species	Cephalic plate border	No. of chaetigers	No. of pre-pygidial achaet-igers	Uncini apical teeth	Anal funnel cirri	Type Locality	Distribu tion	References
E. aucklandica Augener, 1923	Deep lateral notches; posterior crenulated	21	1	4–5	Midventral cirrus 4 times longer than other cirri of different lengths	New Zealand, Auckland Islands	Type locality	Augener 1923, Glasby et al. 2009
E. coronata Verrill, 1900	Deep lateral notches; posterior strongly crenulated	22	1	3	Midventral cirrus 2 times longer than other cirri; triangular cirri alternating lengths	Castle Island Boston, USA	Bermuda to Northeastern Caribbean; northeastern Brazil, João Pessoa, Paraíba Brazil	Verrill 1900, Jones et al. 1986, Jiménez-Cueto & Salazar-Vallejo 1997, De Assis et al. 2012, Amaral et al. 2013
E. vidali sp. nov.	Slight lateral notches, 1 posterior notch; smooth edge	23	1	4	Midventral cirrus 2 times longer than other cirri; subequal triangular cirri	Diogo Lopes, Macau, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil	Rio Mamangua pe, Rio Tinto, Paraíba, Brazil	This paper
E. annandalei Southern, 1921	Slight lateral notches; crenulated edge	21	2	5–6	Midventral cirrus 2 times longer than other cirri, triangular cirri of same length	Chilka Lake, India	Tropical Indian Ocean	Southern 1921, Day 1967
E. delineata Moore, 1923	Slight lateral notches; posterior edge slightly crenulated	10	2	4	Midventral cirrus one third length of anal cup; other cirri of similar length	Santa Rosa Island, California, USA	Type locality	Moore 1923
E. díspar (Verrill, 1873)	Slight lateral notches; posterior edge smooth	18	2	?	Midventral cirrus 4 times longer than other cirri; shorter cirri of different lengths	Massachu- setts, USA	Type locality	Verrill 1873, Arwidsson 1906
E. droebachiensis (Sars, 1872)	Slight lateral notches; posterior edge smooth	19	2	5	Midventral cirrus 3 times longer than others; shorter cirri of different lengths	Faeroe, Iceland	Type locality	Arwidsson 1906, Jirkov 2001, Amaral et al. 2013
E. luderitziana Augener, 1918	Slight lateral notches, and 1 posterior notch; smooth edge	24	2	6–7	Midventral cirrus 3 times longer than remaining cirri, which are of different lengths	Southwest Africa, Lambert’s Bay, Lüderitzbucht, Namibia	South Africa, Cape	Augener 1918, Day 1955, 1967
E. mossambica (Day, 1957)	Slight lateral notches; crenulated edge	19	2	6	Midventral cirrus 2 times longer than other, triangular cirri, that alternate in length	Mozambique- que Is., South Africa	Type locality	Day 1957, 1967
E. natalensis (Day, 1957)	Slight lateral notches; smooth edge	19	2	6	Midventral cirrus slightly longer than cirri of alternating lengths	Inhaca Island, Delagoa Bay City	Cape Region and Natal, South Africa:	Day 1957, 1967
E. oerstedii (Claparède 1863)	Slight lateral notches; smooth edge	19	2	5–6	Midventral cirrus 2 times longer than other cirri that alternate in length	Normandy, Atlantic Ocean	North Sea and English Channel, Mediterranean, South America, Brazil; Western Africa Japan	Fauvel 1927, Day 1967, Imajima & Shiraki 1982
E. trinalis Hutchings, 1974	Slight lateral notches; posterior edge smooth	19	2	4	Midventral cirrus 4 times longer than other cirri; triangular, of similar length	South of Godwin Is., Wallis Lake NSW	New South Wales (Marimbula, Jervis Bay, Port Hacking, Botany Bay, Lake Macquarie, Port Stephens)	Hutchings 1974, Hutchings & Murray 1984
E. uncinata Imajima & Shiraki, 1982	Deep lateral notches; posterior edge crenulated	19	2	6	Midventral cirrus 2 times longer than other cirri; very small; others short, subtriangular, of similar length	Kashima Sea, Japan	Known only from type locality	Imajima & Shiraki 1982
E. collaris (Claparède, 1869)	Without lateral notches; a deep posterior incision	19	3	4	Midventral cirrus 2 times longer than other cirri; of similar length	Gulf of Naples, Italy	Northeastern Atlantic: North America and Canada; Northwestern Atlantic: Portugal and Spain; Mediterranean: Italy and Greece; Rea Se	Claparède 1869, Arwidsson 1906, Fishelson & Rullier 1969, Brunel et al. 1998
E. insecta (Ehlers, 1905)	Slight lateral notches; posterior edge smooth	19	3	5	Midventral cirrus slightly longer than other anal cirri, with different lengths	Chatham Island, New Zealand	Type locality	Ehlers 1905, Hartman 1959, Glasby et al. 2009, Liu 2008
E. lombricoides (Quatrefages, 1865)	Slight lateral notches; crenulated edge	19	3	5–6	Midventral cirrus 2 times longer than other cirri that alternate in lengths	Boulogne-Sur-Mer and Calais beach, France	North Atlantic, Scotland, English Channel to Morocco; Mediterranean Sea	Quatrefages 1865, Fauvel 1927, Day 1967, Imajima & Shiraki 1982, Amaral et al. 2013
E. palermitana (Grube, 1840)	Slight notches lateral, and deep posterior notch; posterior edge smooth	20	3	5	Midventral cirrus 3 times longer than others cirri, other cirri of different lengths	Palermo, Italy, Mediter-anean	North Atlantic, Portugal and Spain; France, Monaco; Italy, Naples; Africa, coast of Tunisia.	Grube 1840, Orlandi 1898, Arwidsson 1906, Fauvel 1927, Bellan 2001
E. lindrothi Eliason, 1962	Slight lateral notches; posterior edge slightly crenulated	19	4	5–6	Midventral cirrus 2 time longer than other cirri; cirri with different lengths	North Atlantic, Geounit Skagerrak Strait.	Type locality	Eliason 1962, Bellan 2001

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