Abstract in English:

Abstract Local influence diagnostics for elliptical multilevel models are proposed in this paper. This class of models involves the use of continuous symmetric distributions, including heavy-tailed error models, and the normal distribution as a particular case. Maximum likelihood estimation and features related to the fitting and model assumptions are discussed. Finally, local influence measures under different perturbation schemes are developed and applied to fit real data under the normal, Student-t and power exponential distributions.

Abstract in English:

Abstract This work aimed to evaluate the extraction conditions of total phenolic compounds (TPC) from Pfaffia glomerata leaves (PGLs) and characterize the extract obtained in the best conditions. Aqueous extraction was performed in a Shaker, varying the levels of rotation (100, 150, 200 rpm), temperature (30, 45, 60° C) and mass to volume (w v-1) ratio (1:10, 1:20, 1:30 g ml-1). The variables w v-1 ratio and temperature, and their combination, showed a positive effect (p<0.05) in TPC extraction. The time of extraction increased TPC extraction until 30 min, thereafter, the values decreased. The extraction performed at 60o C, 1:30 g ml-1, 125 rpm and 30 min allowed to reach the maximum TPC content (11.94 mg g-1). This extract contains β-ecdysone (4.64 g 100g-1), a chemical marker of P. glomerata, and, phenolic compounds, as gallic acid (28.51 mg 100g-1) and catechin (24.82 mg 100g-1). PGLs extract exhibits antioxidant activity by the in vitro methods evaluated (iron reduction powder and radical scavenging ability). Antibacterial activity was also detected, being found the minimum inhibitory concentration of 20 mg mL-1 for Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Therefore, PGL extract had a potential application as natural antioxidant and antimicrobial in food or pharmaceutical products.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Studies based on medicinal plants have stood out as a complementary treatment intervention to type 2 Diabetes mellitus and its complications. Among the Brazilian medicinal plants, we highlight Cordiera sessilis (Vell.) Kuntze, in turn, has been studied in several chemical and biological studies due to its ethnopharmacological indications. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiglycation, and digestive enzyme inhibition effects of the fractions obtained from the ethanolic extract of the stem bark of C. sessilis. The results indicated that the dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol were the most promising fractions and therefore their phytochemical constitution was suggested by mass spectrometry. Several bioactive compounds belonging to the six classes were found, with a predominance of compounds from the flavonoid class, whose presence justifies the observed results. Thus, this study presented new results on the biological activities of this plant, contributing to the understanding of the action and effectiveness of its use in the management of diabetes mellitus and its complications.

Abstract in English:

Abstract The objective of this study was to chemically and sensorially evaluate dryprocessed coffees with an initial quality of 82 and 84 points on the SCA (Specialty Coffee Association) scale, packaged in impermeable and permeable materials, and stored at room temperature and in a refrigerated environment for 9 months. The sensory and chemical quality of the stored beans was evaluated at the beginning of storage, as well as after six and nine months. The results show that specialty natural coffees with a higher initial sensory score experience attenuation of sweetness, acidity, body, and aftertaste over 9 months of storage, with stability in the overall score and sensory descriptors, particularly when stored in high-barrier packaging. Chemically, the changes observed during storage differ depending on the initial sensory quality of the specialty natural coffees, with greater preservation of volatile compounds and fatty acids when high-barrier packaging is used, regardless of storage temperature. It is concluded that, in addition to packaging and storage conditions, the initial attributes of natural coffee are a determining factor for quality after 9 months of storage. Chemical changes during storage vary according to the initial sensory quality of specialty natural coffees.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles were investigated for their potential to enhance biogas production through the anaerobic digestion of fruit and vegetable waste. The nanoparticles were synthesized via co-precipitation and characterized using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), UV-visible spectroscopy, and Magnetic Force Microscopy (MFM). MFM analysis revealed a magnetic force of -20 nN at a distance of 42 nm from the nanoparticles, with a magnetic gradient extending up to 100 nm in nanoparticle clusters. Anaerobic digestion experiments, conducted in Erlenmeyer flasks, employed a factorial design to optimize conditions such as moisture content, temperature, and inoculum percentage. Results demonstrated that the addition of iron oxide nanoparticles, at 34°C with 7% inoculum and 42% moisture content, led to a 55.53% reduction in substrate residual compared to control tests without nanoparticles. The presence of lactic acid confirmed the occurrence of acidogenesis, while higher concentrations of acetic acid in nanoparticle-enhanced tests suggested an influence on the acetogenesis phase. Additionally, the nanoparticles showed potential as adsorbents. These findings highlight the potential of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles as an effective and sustainable method for improving biogas production from organic waste, with implications for urban areas and fueling centers seeking alternative, renewable energy solutions.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Novel silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using biomass from Eragrostis plana Nees, commonly known as Tough lovegrass, an invasive grass species in the Brazilian Pampa. AgNPs were synthesized in a one-step synthesis using the extract as a reducing agent for Ag+ ions and stabilizing agent. The results showed that the colloidal solution of AgNPs had a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band at 410 nm. Through vibrational analysis, they showed that the OH, NH, CONH2, COC, COOH, and CO present in the extract were associated with reducing Ag+ ions. The synthesized nanoparticles were crystalline and, through morphological analysis, showed that the AgNPs produced had different shapes, with an average diameter of 23 ± 8 nm. The biosynthesized AgNPs exhibited high catalytic activity for reducing Toluidine blue (TB). The total reduction of TB with AgNPs in the presence of NaBH4 at 25 °C occurred after only 5 min of reaction.

Abstract in English:

Abstract The larval control of Aedes aegypti has been done mainly by insecticides, which cause resistance and environmental contamination and have a high-cost development and application. The need for alternative solutions to problems caused by synthetic insecticides has led to studies to find new, active, and less toxic compounds, such as metallo-insecticides. In the present study, the toxic activity of Cu(II) - complexes with the amino acids tryptophan, histidine, methionine, and taurine in Ae. aegypti larvae were evaluated. The Cu(II) - histidine complex showed no toxicity. For the Cu(II) - tryptophan and Cu(II) - methionine complexes, the mortality percentages ranged from 3.16% to 46.55% and 5.46% to 12.42%, respectively. Cu(II) - taurine presented 100% mortality in 24 h at the lowest concentration tested (50 mg L-1, ppm). Considering the concentration range of 50 to 1000 mg L-1 and 24 h of exposure of the larvae to the metal complexes, the series of decreasing toxicity is Cu(II) - taurine > Cu(II) - tryptophan > Cu(II) - methionine > Cu(II) - histidine. From these studies, the Cu (II) - taurine complex can be a candidate to be used as an alternative and less toxic insecticide, low-cost for control of Ae.aegypti larvae.

Abstract in English:

Abstract This investigation elucidates the co-pyrolysis of neem seed cake in combination with plastic waste across a spectrum of mass ratios namely, 0:1, 3:1, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, and 1:0 subjected to varying pyrolytic temperatures from 350°C to 650°C, employing a CuO catalyst as a facilitating agent. The research concentrated on elucidating the effect of reaction temperature and the blend ratio of neem seed cake to plastic waste on the distribution of products and the chemical composition of the resultant pyrolysis oil. The co-pyrolysis performed at a 1:2 ratio of neem seed cake to plastic waste yielded an optimal oil production of 69.4 wt% with maximum positive synergy of 6.25% at 500°C. The physicochemical characteristics of the resulting co-pyrolysis oil demonstrated a striking resemblance to those of conventional fossil diesel. Further analysis through FT-IR revealed the presence of a different range of aromatic components. Quantitative analysis utilizing chromatographic peak area evaluations was undertaken to elucidate the compositional profile of the pyrolysis oils, thereby accentuating the presence of synergistic effects. Furthermore, GC-MS analysis provided empirical validation of the interaction between neem seed cake and waste plastics during co-pyrolysis, as indicated by discernible decrease in the concentration of oxygenated compounds.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Brazil’s Atlantic Forest is one of the most important biodiversity hotspots on the planet, home to several rare and endemic species. The Phyllanthaceae family harbors great richness of endemic species in this area, including some recently described in the Northeastern Atlantic Forest. However, this biome faces serious threats due to human activity, habitat loss and species extinction. This study analyzed the distribution, richness and endemism of Phyllanthaceae species in the Northeastern Atlantic Forest, investigated the relationship between species richness and climatic characteristics, and delimited the centers of endemism and the main threats and pressures. Data from Reflora, Specieslink, herbaria from the Brazilian Northeast and specialized literature were used. Generalized linear models analyzed the relationship between species richness and climate variables. Forty-two species were identified in the study area, 13 of which are endemic. The south of Bahia state stood out for its greater species richness, with 23 species described, including 11 endemic ones. Three centers of endemism were identified: two in southern Bahia and one in Pernambuco state. Most endemic species face threats, with few protected areas. Deforestation, agriculture and urban expansion represent the main pressures on these species in the region.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Eucalyptus tereticornis extract is a promising drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity, showing in vitro effects, such as increased glucose uptake and reduced lipid storage. However, its in vivo efficacy has been demonstrated only when administered intraperitoneally. Thus, this study focused on standardisation and optimisation of the preparation of polylactic-co-glycolic acid 50:50 nanoparticles (NPs). The size distribution of the NPs, polydispersity index, and zeta potential were evaluated to identify the NPs with the best encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity based on a first-order design using the response surface methodology. To evaluate cell viability of the NPs, in vitro viability assessments were performed using C2C12, 3T3-L1, HepG2, and J774A.1 cell lines and the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. The highest encapsulation efficiency and load capacity were 81.569 ± 1.798% and 1.885 ± 0.042%, respectively. These results confirmed the effective encapsulation of Eucalyptus tereticornis extract and the interactions between the components of the system. Finally, none of the evaluated concentrations negatively affected the cell line viability, confirming the reproducibility of the method with great pharmacological potential. In addition, this model can be used to develop nanoformulations that efficiently improve response.

Abstract in English:

Abstract This study investigated the diagnostic value of serum microRNA-21 (miR-21) and miR-145 in assessing the treatment response and prognosis of ovarian cancer patients. A total of 139 patients enrolled in this study were categorized based on their chemotherapy outcomes into three groups: partial response, stable disease, and disease progression. Significant differences in serum levels of miR-21 and miR-145 among these groups were observed. Specifically, elevated miR-21 and reduced miR-145 levels were associated with worse treatment outcomes and poorer prognoses. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified miR-21 and miR-145, along with age, tumor stage, and lymph node metastasis, as independent predictors of patient outcomes. The receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis indicated that the combination of miR-21 and miR-145 provided higher accuracy in predicting patient prognosis compared to each biomarker alone. The findings suggest that miR-21 and miR-145 can be effective supplementary tools for evaluating treatment effectiveness and prognostic assessments in ovarian cancer patients.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Dipteryx lacunifera is an example of the Brazilian cerrado flora which recently showed promising biological actions, such as antioxidant and antibacterial activities and a potential antimalarial effect. This study evaluated three flavonoids isolated from the fruits kernels of D. lacunifera, 7,3´, 4´-trihydroxyflavone (1), 7,3´,4´-trihydroxyflavanone (2), and (-)-eriodictyol (3). Virtual molecular modeling platforms (in silico), chemotherapy assays with P. falciparum W2 strain, and cytotoxicity assays (in vitro) were used to verify the antimalarial and cytotoxic potential of these molecules. Compound 2 showed the best results of inhibitory concentration against the P. falciparum W2 strain (IC50 = 7.35 μM), with low cytotoxicity against the human fibroblast lineage (WI- 26-VA4) (LC50 > 100 μM) and high selectivity index (IS = 13.61). In silico analysis of the mechanism of action of 2 was performed by selecting the 5 crystallographic complexes with the best binding energy, namely: 1O5X, 2OK8, 2VFA, 4C81, and 4N0Z, suggesting more than one mode of action. The compounds met the ADMET criteria, indicating good bioavailability results. These results may lead this molecule to be submitted to further studies.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Diplococcium peruamazonicum Matsush. (Helotiales, Ascomycota) is being reported for the first time from Brazil and for the second time worldwide, 31 years after its original description in Peru. This rare ascomycete was found on Marajó Island (Brazilian Amazon) as a saprobic fungus on leaf litter of Astrocaryum vulgare Mart. A detailed morphological description, illustrations and taxonomic comments are provided here, as well as a key to the Diplococcium species recorded in Brazil. This report expands the geographic distribution of D. peruamazonicum in the Amazon.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Visceral bleeding poses a significant threat, requiring effective management through positively charged chitosan. This study aimed to address the limitations of chitosan-based hemostatic hydrogels by synthesizing a modified maleic anhydride complex of chitosan (MAC). Biocompatibility, biodegradability, and non-toxicity made MAC a suitable candidate for super porous hydrogels (SPHs) used in hemostatic applications. Graft polymerization synthesized MAC, confirmed via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, demonstrating superior antioxidant activity compared to chitosan and maleic anhydride. SPHs were prepared using MAC alone and with N, N-methylene bisacrylamide (MBA) as crosslinkers. MAC exhibited higher water absorbency and pH-dependent swelling than the MBA-chitosan complex. Drug loading and entrapment efficiency varied with the drug-to-SPH ratio. In vitro drug release studies showed sustained release (SR) with SPHs-MAC following zero-order kinetics and SPHs-MBA following Korsmeyer-Peppas. SPHs-MAC gelled more rapidly with temperature changes, and MAC hydrogels showed larger antimicrobial zones of inhibition (28±2).In vivo hemostasis studies revealed rapid hemostatic effects with MACL-H, reducing blood loss to 78.5 ± 1.5 mg in iver rat models. MAC hydrogels significantly lowered blood loss in rat tail amputation models compared to controls. This formulation demonstrates strong potential for effective visceral bleeding management.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Elevated search for information could increase rumors and misinformation, which significantly impacted the daily lives and mental health of individuals. We tested the association between the frequency and methods of communication used and psychological symptoms. Cross-sectional study that included individuals with COVID-19 and individuals without the disease. Participants completed a questionnaire about the frequency with which were informed about COVID-19. The severity of depressive and anxious symptoms, and stress levels were assessed. The sample included 350 individuals (66% female, mean age 38.09 ± 14.18 years), and 32.6% had a confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis. Most of the sample was informed about COVID-19 almost always or always and the most common method used to search for information was the internet, followed by open TV, social media, WhatsApp, cable TV, radio, and newspaper. Individuals who sought information on social media had greater severity of depressive symptoms when compared to subjects who did not seek information on the media. Individuals who sought information via WhatsApp had lower anxiety symptoms and stress levels when compared to individuals who did not seek information via WhatsApp. The search for information had a negative impact on depressive symptoms and a decrease in anxiety symptoms.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Consuming functional foods alongside the energy-restricted diet can be a great ally in weight loss and improving cardiometabolic risk factors. Whether Brazil nut (BN) consumption in the context of energy restriction affects them remains to be answered. We aimed to evaluate the effect of BN within an energy-restricted diet on cardiometabolic risk markers among women. This is an eight-week, quasi-experimental, controlled nutritional intervention study. The women were allocated into two energy-restricted (-500 kcal/d) groups: a control free of BN (n=29) and a BN-group (BNG) (n=27) with 2 units/day of BN (~ 347 µg of selenium). Both groups had similar weight loss, but in the BNG, the serum selenium increased by 276.7% and apolipoprotein A1 increased by 27.4%. In addition, BNG had a more pronounced reduction in liver enzymes, and presented the most preserved percentages of lean and fat-free mass in relation to the control group. Consuming 2 units/day of BN in an 8-week weight loss intervention improved cardiometabolic risk markers in women. Our results suggest that regular consumption of BN during energy-restricted diets may be a strategy to minimize adiposity, preserve lean mass, improve serum selenium status, lipid, and liver metabolism markers, and, consequently, help obesity management and its comorbidities.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Cryptococcosis is a disease originating in the lungs, often seen in immunosuppressed patients. In severe cases, it can lead to meningoencephalitis and can be fatal. Biochemical studies have shown that the capsule of Cryptococcus neoformans is predominantly composed of glucuronoxylomannan (GXM), with glucuronoxylomannogalactan (GXMGal) present in smaller amounts. These polysaccharides have different effects on the immune system, with GXM mainly having anti-inflammatory properties, while GXMGal is more pro-inflammatory. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a diverse group of immature myeloid cells, including progenitor cells and precursors of macrophages, granulocytes, and dendritic cells at different stages of development. MDSCs are known to suppress immune responses in various diseases, including bacterial and fungal infections, through mechanisms such as the inhibition of T cell proliferation. In this study, we show that infection with either B3501 or CAP67 strains results in the accumulation of granulocytic MDSC precursors in bronchoalveolar cavities. The MDSCs recruited by the B3501 strain suppress T cell proliferation, while those recruited by the CAP67 strain do not. Furthermore, we observed the expression of PD-L1 on these MDSCs, suggesting a potential mechanism of immunosuppression during infection. These findings reveal how the polysaccharides of C. neoformans might weaken the host’s immune defense.

Abstract in English:

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly impacted global health, driven in part by the high mutation rate of SARS-CoV-2, which has resulted in the emergence of variants with enhanced transmissibility, virulence, and immune evasion capabilities. This evolving threat highlights the urgent need for innovative therapeutic strategies, as current treatments have shown limited efficacy. In this context, Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) present a promising alternative. EVs play a crucial role in intercellular communication and offer advantages due to their biocompatibility and mechanisms of cellular entry as viruses, making them an important tool against SARS-CoV-2. One of the principal immune evasion strategies employed by SARS-CoV-2 involves the release of EVs capable of transporting viral antigens. Numerous studies have suggested the role of exosomes and microvesicles as carriers of viral components, indicating that EVs can be targets in the progression of infection. Exosomes derived from infected cells could function as biomarkers and as potential drug delivery vehicles. Furthermore, EVs play a regulatory role in immune responses, facilitating cytokine production and antigen presentation. This review aims to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the involvement of EVs in SARS-CoV-2 infection, examine their implications for biomarker development and explore their potential therapeutic applications in COVID-19.

Abstract in English:

Abstract The purpose of the study is to explore the energy system contributions and determinants of performance in 400-meter military obstacle course (400m-MOC), and establish a model for predicting the performance in 400m-MOC. 50 male cadets participated in this study. Using portable gas analyzers and a blood lactate test, the energy system contributions were calculated during 400m-MOC test. Correlation analysis was conducted to ascertain the relationships between the performance of the 400m-MOC and the contributions of three different energy systems, as well as body morphology and various physical fitness components. A linear regression model was developed to predict the performance outcomes in 400m-MOC. The contributions of three different energy systems during 400m-MOC test were: phosphagen system (17.94±1.23%), glycolytic system (27.94±2.48%), and aerobic oxidative system (54.12±2.76%). Completion time for the 400m-MOC test correlates significantly with military service length, strength, BMI, speed, speed endurance, and aerobic endurance capability. The regression equation was formulated as: estimated 400m-MOC completion time=22.556 + 0.065 × 5000-meter running time-52.677 × (pull-up reps/body weight) + 0.582 × 400-meter running time. The 400m-MOC is primarily powered by the aerobic oxidative system, with aerobic endurance, upper body strength, and speed endurance being particularly crucial factors affecting its performance.

Abstract in English:

Abstract In the last decade, the interest in cannabis cultivation has grown significantly, driven by its various applications and the presence of key cannabinoids such as cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabigerol (CBG). However, this increase in production has heightened susceptibility to contaminants, especially microorganisms, such as pathogenic bacteria, which pose risks to both human health and the plant itself. Nonetheless, a promising outlook emerges with the biological utilization of certain bacterial species. This study focused on a bibliometric evaluation of the interaction between Cannabis and bacteria, analyzing research trends related to metabolites, biocontrol, and by-products. To achieve this, scientific literature was reviewed in databases such as Scopus and Web of Science (WOS) from 2000 to 2023. The data was processed and analyzed using methodologies such as “Tree of Science” (ToS) and Prisma, using tools like R-Studio and Bibliometrix. The results highlight two predominant areas in this interaction: the application of biotechnology to enhance cultivation and utilize metabolites for medical purposes and the assessment of antibacterial properties in Cannabis extracts and essential oils, along with the use of beneficial bacteria for biocontrol in cannabis plants. Several avenues for future research are proposed, considering identified knowledge gaps.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Bacterial infections stand as prominent contributors to global mortality and morbidity rates. Harnessing the potential antimicrobial activity of secondary metabolites derived from natural sources holds promise for developing novel therapeutic drugs. Streptomyces spp. represents pivotal microorganisms in the synthesis of these compounds. Acanthamoeba spp. serves as natural virulence amplifiers for a wide range of bacterial pathogens. This study evaluates the antimicrobial efficacy of crude extracts of Streptomyces sp. cocultured trials with Acanthamoeba polyphaga against multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. The production of crude extracts from Streptomyces sp. was monitored over 28 days. The antimicrobial activity against P. aeruginosa and E. coli was evaluated by measuring the inhibitory halos. Viability amoebae and bacteria were assessed. A slight decrease in the viability of A. polyphaga was noted during the coculture. Conversely, coculture promoted bacterial growth and facilitated the synthesis of extracts that showed antimicrobial effects against P. aeruginosa and E. coli, while showing no impact on amoebae. The extracts were active mainly against P. aeruginosa. The findings show that the interaction between A. polyphaga and Streptomyces sp. modulates the production of antimicrobial secondary metabolites by bacteria. Further investigations are needed to characterize the nature of this modulation, and the bactericidal components.

Abstract in English:

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the individual and combined effect of pH (between 4.0 and 7.0) and storage temperature (between 6 and 35°C) on two wild-type <italic>E. coli</italic> O157:H7 (STEC 902 and STEC 2004) strains. The experiments were performed in laboratory culture medium, employing Central Composite Rotational Design (CCRD). For comparison, Enteropathogenic <italic>E. coli</italic> (EPEC) O55:H7 and non-pathogenic <italic>E. coli</italic> (npEC) strains were used. To validate the model, seven additional tests not included in the experimental design were performed. The model showed goodness-of-fit. The CCRD results indicated that the temperature significantly affected the microbial population of <italic>E. coli</italic> strains studied. With best development at temperatures between 20 and 35°C, while refrigeration temperatures (between 6 and 10°C) are unfavorable for the development of STEC O157:H7, independent of pH. The wild-type STEC 902 and STEC 2004 strains showed similar behavior under pH and temperature conditions in laboratory culture medium. On the other hand, control strains showed different behavior than STEC strains, being significantly affected by pH. The data indicate that the response to stress resulting from exposure to different pH and temperature levels varies according to the <italic>E. coli</italic> strain evaluated.

Abstract in English:

Abstract The male of Campsurus barreirinhas sp. nov. is described and illustrated, representing the first records of Campsurus from Maranhão State, Northeast Brazil region. It is nearly related to C. litaninensis, both showing a unique genitalia, with the sternum IX extremely projected medially, pedestals bases distinctly separated in the middle, and pedestal rotated. The new species differentiates from C. litaninensis because the projection of IX sternum is rounded distally and the penes are stouter. This new species was collected along with Campsurus essequibo and Campsurus lucidus, representing the first records of these species in the Northeast Brazilian region.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Acetylcholinesterase (AChE; EC 3.1.1.7) inhibition in vitro is an effective method for monitoring pesticide contamination, particularly organophosphates, offering advantages over in vivo approaches. Environmental factors like temperature, age, and stress can alter enzyme activity in vivo, making controlled in vitro studies necessary. This research focused on the brain AChE of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), a key species in global aquaculture, to detect organophosphate contamination. The study examined pesticides such as chlorpyrifos, fenitrothion, malathion, and temephos. Optimal pH (8.0) and temperature (55°C) conditions were determined for AChE activity. The enzyme also showed sensitivity to several heavy metals, including Co²⁺, Cd²⁺, Cu²⁺, Hg²⁺, Mn²⁺, and Zn²⁺, with mercury causing 100% inhibition. AChE exhibited high substrate affinity, with a Vmax of 0.651 ± 0.26 mU/mg and a Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) of 399 mU/mg. Pesticide inhibition varied, with chlorpyrifos and temephos showing the highest efficacy at lower concentrations. IC20, IC50, and Ki values ranked pesticide potency as follows: malathion, fenitrothion, temephos, and chlorpyrifos. These results support the use of Nile tilapia AChE as a reliable environmental biomarker for detecting pesticides, offering valuable insights for environmental monitoring and filling gaps in the existing literature.

Abstract in English:

Abstract The introduction of exotic plants can pose ecological threats as they may become invasive. We investigated leaf traits potentially linked to competitive advantage and invasiveness in Azadirachta indica, a widely used exotic tree in northeastern Brazil’s urban forestry, compared to native species Ouratea fieldingiana and Myrcia multiflora. We tested the limiting similarity hypothesis, evaluating how leaf characteristics influence the ecological responses of these species and A. indica’s potential invasiveness. A. indica exhibited larger leaf area, specific leaf area (SLA), and leaf area ratio (LAR) compared to native species, but lower specific petiole length (SPL) and specific internode length (SIL). Additionally, A. indica displayed greater phenotypic variation in these traits. The larger leaf area, SLA, and LAR suggest a strategy in A. indica favoring rapid carbon gain through increased growth. The higher phenotypic variation observed may facilitate adaptation to new habitats, potentially enhancing its competitive ability and invasiveness. These findings highlight distinct functional strategies between exotic and native species, raising concerns regarding the potential invasiveness of A. indica in northeastern Brazil’s natural ecosystems.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Many studies focus on the diet of anurans and how species consume available food resources. However, few link these data with the resources available in the environment. This gap in information may lead to a partial understanding of the feeding strategies of this group. We evaluate the availability of food resources and analyze how two sympatric anurans, Physalaemus ephippifer and Leptodactylus fuscus, utilize available prey. The research was conducted on the edge of a forest fragment in northeastern Pará state, Brazil, over three years during the rainy season. Specimens of both species were collected, and their diets were evaluated by the frequency of occurrence (FOi) and the feeding importance (VFIi) of each prey category. We also analyzed the relationship between prey availability and the diet of each anuran species. We identified 20 prey categories in the stomachs of P. ephippifer, with Formicidae being the most frequent and important over the three years. In L. fuscus, 19 prey categories were found, with Orthoptera, Formicidae, and Coleoptera being the most significant. We recorded 24 invertebrate categories in the study area, with Collembola, Coleoptera, and Formicidae being the most abundant. Both anurans shared many prey categories but showed distinct preferences in their diet, indicating selective foraging behavior.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Lychnorhiza lucerna, is a species of Scyphozoa with tropical and subtropical distribution in the western Atlantic. The knowledge of its life cycle is fragmented, with little understanding of environmental factors affecting growth processes and reproduction. This study evaluated the different phases of the life cycle of this macromedusa based on laboratory experiments with the polyp phase at different temperatures and 10 years of field data for the medusoid phase. Experiments on the polypoid phase determined a longer development time for the polyp population, highlighting the upward thermal shock for the excystment of podocysts and that the higher temperature (25 °C) stimulates greater production of ephyrae. In the south of Brazil, the presence of juveniles (< 5 cm in diameter) and adults (> 15 cm) of the medusoid phase was observed in winter and spring and during the period of upward variation in water temperature (18.5 to 23.8 ° C). These results confirm the annual life cycle of the species, that sporadic outbreaks (blooms) can be influenced by the stimulus of polyp strobilation. Based on the growth rates obtained in the laboratory and the population dynamics, this suggests that the organisms could be transported to the mouth of the Plata.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Lycophytes show no instances of ectomycorrhizas. Phlegmariurus saururus is the only Huperziaceae that grows in Comechingones biogeographic province, in sunny, exposed surficial rock crevices with poor soil development and very scarce water. As mycorrhizas improve plant fitness in natural ecosystems, it was hypothesized that P. saururus can develop multiple types of fungal symbiosis, including ectomycorrhizas. For detecting, identification and description of mycorrhizas, conventional techniques were employed, and samples of roots were cut with an ultra-microtome to obtain thin (3 µm) and ultrathin (0.1 µm) sections. Phlegmariurus saururus is the first species of Lycopodiopsida where the ectomycorrhizas are evidenced. Arbuscular mycorrhizas and septate endophytes were also found. Ectomycorrhizas can alter the anatomy and hydrophilic properties of roots, improving the adaptation of the plant hosts to habitats with a marked period of drought, as the novel Andean Comechingones habitats. The ectomycorrhizas detected in P. saururus could be considered as an adaptive mechanism related to the successful colonisation of this habitat and can undergo a significant transformation in the lifestyle of fungal symbiosis of lycophytes, which could provide important insights into this morphological and functional evolution.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Comprehending the impacts of the presence of cattle on different compartments of riparian forests is essential for the management of these environments, which play a crucial role in biodiversity conservation and human well-being. The objective of this study was to assess the long-term effects of cattle on the structure (tree stratum and natural regeneration) and floristic composition of vegetation, as well as on the litter and soil carbon stock (0-5, 5-15, 15-30, and 30-100 cm) in riparian forests. We compared two forest areas in southern Brazil, one isolated from cattle for 28 years and another used by cattle with a high animal load. Our results indicate that cattle modify the floristic composition and structure of vegetation, mainly affecting litter carbon stock and the abundance, richness, and diversity of natural regeneration. However, we did not observe a significant change in soil carbon stock and its correlation with vegetation variables. Our findings emphasize the need to explore adaptation alternatives of livestock activities with the maintenance of riparian forest ecosystem services. Adequate cattle load management and fencing of riparian forests, with the installation of watering corridors for cattle, are essential actions to reconcile livestock production with forest conservation.

Abstract in English:

Abstract We present a comprehensive set of LA-Q-ICP-MS U-Pb ages on titanite standards (Tory Hill, Khan, Mud Tank, and CKHB titanites) together with samples from the Southeastern Guiana Shield, as a geological application of the method implemented at the Pará-Iso Laboratory. The results showed good reproducibility, accuracy, and precision for Mesoproterozoic to Mesozoic titanite standards, with uncertainties below 2%. The analytical protocol was validated through interlaboratory calibration with SHRIMP IIe dating, yielding ages consistent with LA-Q-ICP-MS results. Khan titanite were the most suitable primary standard due to its low common Pb content, high analytical signal, and homogeneous U-Pb radiogenic ratios. Distinct ages were observed for Tory Hill titanite and for a selected sample based on different common Pb-correction approaches, with the 204Pb correction being less effective than the 207Pb method. New titanite U-Pb ages identified a late orogenic metamorphic event around 2.05 Ga recorded in an orthogneiss of the Neoarchean Guianense Complex and a collisional metamorphic event around 2.11-2.10 Ga in two samples located at the frontier between the French Guiana and Amapá state. Both linked to the Transamazonian geodynamic evolution of the Southeastern Guiana Shield during the late Rhyacian.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Xenocynus crypticus is a metatherian from the Itaboraí Basin (early Eocene) in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. While this taxon was initially described based on a single upper molar and three isolated lower molars, the occlusal relations between these teeth have never been previously analyzed. In this study, the upper and lower molars assigned to this taxon, along with specimen AMNH 49805, were included in a scatterplot and two principal component analyses (PCA), assessing several morphometric parameters that were diagnostic of this taxon. We inferred the occlusal relationships between the assigned molars to assess their morpho-occlusal compatibility. Our analyses have demonstrated that the Xenocynus crypticus molars are morphometrically distinct from other sympatric taxa of similar size, with m1s having proportionally shorter talonids. Furthermore, the upper and lower molars of X. crypticus are occlusally compatible, exhibiting similar inferred proportions in the length and width of the talonid. These findings support the taxonomic validity of X. crypticus and an association of the lower molars with this species. Additionally, our results indicate that PCAs can reliably assess morphometric similarity between isolated upper and lower molars in metatherians, offering valuable insights for taxonomic studies on fragmentary dental-based taxa.

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Abstract Conservation paleobiology, an expanding field, employs taphonomy tools to investigate past environmental conditions and organisms before human impacts, thereby addressing key conservation issues. This review examines the concepts, approaches and events in conservation paleobiology, emphasizing aquatic and coastal organisms and the often-overlooked contributions from Brazil and South America. South America, with its vulnerable biodiversity, unique geology and rich fossil diversity, is a natural laboratory for understanding ecosystems—a considerable potential as a center for leading conservation paleobiology research. However, South America is underrepresented, contributing to only 5% of total publications (67% of it is from Brazil). Most South American authors are geoscientists publishing mainly on mollusks, also they produced fewer studies than those from more developed countries. Noteworthy, the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development ranks third globally in funding for conservation paleobiology articles. Clearly, conservation paleobiology is still predominantly practiced in developed nations and geoscience fields. Other challenges include underutilization of geohistorical data and a gap between theory and practice. To address these issues, future studies should integrate conservationist perspectives and align them with societal and conservation needs. Hence, the anticipated growth in South American conservation paleobiology could bolster environmental conservation and promote sustainability for future generations.

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Abstract Studies determining the feeding habits of fish are essential for understanding the relationships between fauna components and other aquatic organisms. This study aimed to evaluate the feeding habits of the Arowana Osteoglossum bicirrhosum in the Piranha Sustainable Development Reserve, located in the middle Solimões River, Amazonas state. The research covered different phases of the flood pulse (recession, flooding, flood peak, and dry phase) from September 2015 to May 2016. One hundred stomach samples were collected, with an average standard weight and length of 684.81 ± 257.73g and 44.92 ± 5.91cm, respectively, showing a high Pearson correlation coefficient (p= 0.9373905). Stomach content analysis revealed that 76% of the samples contained food, with 72% consisting of arthropods, 13% plant remains, 10% fish, 3% reptiles, and 2% mammals. The alternation of periods influenced the bioavailability of food in the aquatic environment, with arthropods, mainly insects, being identified as the primary food source for the Arowana. This indicates a generalist and opportunistic feeding behavior with a diet tending towards insectivory.

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Abstract The experiment was conducted to evaluate the composition of the hydroalcoholic extract of pitaya bark (Hylocereus guatemalensis) and its effects on the diet of male blue Betta splendens in terms of skin color, concerning the content of digestive enzymes, liver metabolism, and antioxidant activity. The fish were supplemented with hydroalcoholic extract of pitaya bark (HEPB) at the doses of 0.24, 0.45, and 0.90 mg kg−1 of feed for 21 days. The inclusion of 0.24 and 0.45 mg kg−1 of the HEPB promoted the best weight gain. and did not change the coloration of blue beta fish (P>0.05). The digestive activity showed an increase in alkaline phosphatase activity only in fish fed 0.45 mg kg−1 HEPB. The inclusion of 0.45 and 0.90 mg kg−1 from the HEPB promoted a decrease in hepatic ALT activity. An increase in CAT activity was observed in the skin of fish fed diets with added HEPB. In conclusion, the addition of hydroalcoholic extract of pitaya bark in the diet of Betta splendens is beneficial for the weight gain parameter and has a hepatoprotective effect but does not affect skin coloration.

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Abstract Crustaceans of the family Cymothoidae are important components of the invertebrate fauna of marine and freshwater environments. The genus Isonebula Taberner, 1977, has only two described species (Isonebula maculatus (Taberner, 1977) and Isonebula acanthopleon Taberner 1998), which are both parasites of freshwater fish in South America. During a field survey of fish parasites in the Araguari River, state of Amapá, Brazilian Amazon region, we found a new species of the genus Isonebula infesting the mouth (on the host’s tongue) of Myloplus ternetzi (Norman, 1929), a characiform of the family Serrasalmidae, for which we proposed the name Isonebula clavuslongus n. sp. Isonebula clavuslongus n. sp. differs from its congeneric species through the larger size of the dactyl of its 6th pereopod, with an inner measurement of 4.50 mm. Additionally, it possesses 7 joints in the second antenna, whereas 9 joints were reported for I. acanthopleon and I. maculatus. The present study thus expands the knowledge of the diversity of Cymothoidae in the Amazon region to 26 species, and of the genus Isonebula, with 3 species, which stands out as one of the genera with the lowest number of known species among Neotropical Cymothoidae that parasitize freshwater fish.

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Abstract Accurate anatomical and physiological knowledge of the stomach of the three-toed sloth is essential for effective clinical, surgical and dietary management, particularly in rehabilitation settings. This study analyzed the holotopy, topography, syntopy, and macro- and microscopic morphology of the stomach in thirteen B. variegatus specimens. Macroscopically, the stomach was located in the cranial, middle and abdominal regions and extended over the xiphoid, hypochondriac, lateral and umbilical regions. It had syntopic relationships with the diaphragm, liver, intestines, uterus (in females), vertebrae, ribs, spleen, pancreas, kidneys and abdominal musculature. The stomach showed distinct structural divisions, including saccular, diverticular and tubular segments, leading to the classification of seven anatomical regions: cranial sac, left and right lateral sacs, ventral sac, diverticulum, glandular pre-pylorus and non-glandular pre-pylorus. Histologically, the cranial sacs were non-glandular and keratinized, whereas the right lateral sac and diverticulum were glandular, the latter possibly involved in absorption. The cranial pre-pyloric region contained oxyntic and zymogenic glands, whereas the caudal pre-pyloric region lacked glands but had a keratinized mucosa. Unique anatomical features included peritoneal recesses, an omental pouch.

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Abstract In the present study, impacts of firework noise on physiological response and stress recovery were investigated in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Two treatment groups, one with firework noise exposure, and a control with no noise exposure at all was used in the study. After a disturbance challenge with firework noise for 2-hour playback, fish behavior in terms of opercula beats and pectoral wing flaps as physiological response were monitored for 96-hours via video image tracking, which was then consecutively repeated with 4-days intervals and 15 repetitions over a period of 60 days. Elevated fish respiration rates after noise exposure, peaked in 24 hours, and declining to initial levels after 72 hours, an indication of stress recovery. In the long-term challenge with multiple exposures to firework noise, fish showed no attunuation to firework noise and presented the same alarm reflex every time of noise exposure with 4-days intervals. It has been evidenced that fireworks noise influenced fish stress and welfare, hence the findings in this study may support ecology-based management of coastal developments. Further, these results raise the question of whether short-term investigations are sufficient for understanding anthropogenic disturbance on aquatic animals.

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Abstract The present study aimed to perform a morphological analysis of Paradollfusnema amphisbaenia, a parasite of Leptodactylus podicipinus (Leptodactylidae) in the Caatinga of Pernambuco, Brazil, using light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and to report for the first time the genus infecting an amphibian. Paradollfusnema species differs from other Cosmocercidae by having interlabia in the cephalic end. Main morphological characters that distinguish species in this genus are the number and distribution of caudal papillae, size of spicules and gubernaculum, and size of eggs. Nematodes analysed had lateral alae in both males and females, arrangement of caudal papillae: 14 pairs, distributed in 8 pairs + 1 unpaired precloacal, 1 adclocal, and 5 postcloacal, non-alate spicules with 100–170 µm long, and eggs 87–125 long x 68–110 µm wide. SEM analyses revealed the arrangement of labial papillae with greater accuracy, diverging from what was described in a previous study. This also enabled a more detailed analysis of the distribution of the caudal papillae and the presence of interlabia. There are no records of this genus parasitizing amphibians worldwide. This is the first morphological study of P. amphisbaenia using SEM, and the first report of this species infecting an anuran host.

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Abstract Knowledge of freshwater stingrays’ physiological parameters is essential for conserving elasmobranch diversity. This study aims to characterize the erythrogram and plasma biochemistry of freshwater stingrays from the Uatumã River basin for the first time. Specimens were captured in Presidente Figueiredo, São Sebastião do Uatumã, and Itapiranga, Amazonas, Brazil. Blood samples were collected from 69 stingrays and processed to obtain blood values. The species <italic>Potamotrygon orbignyi</italic>, <italic>Potamotrygon motoro</italic>, <italic>Potamotrygon scobina, Potamotrygon marquesi</italic> and specimens of the genus Paratrygon were identifield. Neonates and <italic>P. marquesi</italic> individuals were found was Itapiranga. At this stage, the blood profiles of <italic>P. orbignyi</italic> and <italic>P. scobina</italic> rays were lower than those of young, adult, and subadult individuals. The results were similar across locations, species, and existing data from the Amazon basin. The study provides a basis for future research on stingrays in the Uatumã River basin.

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Abstract The objective of this study was to assess the quality of Conilon coffee (Coffea canephora) based on agronomic, physicochemical, sensory profiles, and molecular markers. The dataset comprises 107 genotypes from the Incaper breeding program, evaluated in Marilândia, ES, Brazil. A total of 30 traits and 14 SSR markers were examined, revealing significant genetic variability. Most genotypes exhibited a medium June harvest cycle, uniform ripening, medium-sized beans, high processing yield, and a high percentage of flat and peaberry beans. Physicochemical variables, total titratable acidity, and potassium leaching contributed significantly to the observed variability. Chlorogenic acids (4.82%) and caffeine (2.58%) were the most abundant bioactive compounds. In sensory evaluations, 34 genotypes received scores exceeding 80. 13 markers were recommended for future association mapping studies to identify QTLs influencing the traits evaluated. Results identified genotypes with potential to maximize heterosis and genetic diversity in advancing generations. Among the evaluated genotypes, 34 were identified as promising due to their high sensory scores (≥ 80 points) and favorable agronomic, physicochemical, sensory, and genetic traits. The progeny HS17 stood out as the most divergent in agronomic and genetic traits compared to the other genotypes.

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Abstract The detection and re-identification of vehicles in dynamic environments, such as highways monitored by a swarm of drones, presents significant challenges, particularly due to the variability of images captured from different angles and under various conditions. This scenario necessitates the development of suitable methods that integrate appropriate computational techniques, such as convolutional neural networks (CNN) to address the diversity of drone captures and improve accuracy in detection and re-identification. In this paper, a solution for vehicle detection and Re-ID is proposed, combining CNN techniques VGG16, VGG19, ResNet50, InceptionV3 and EfficientNetV2L. YOLOv4 was selected for detection, while the DeepSORT algorithm was chosen for tracking. The proposed solution considers the generalization capabilities of these techniques with varied images from different drones in different positions. Two datasets were employed: the first is a public dataset from Mendeley used for method evaluation, while the second consists of images and data collected by a swarm of drones. In the first experiment, the best performing network was ResNet50, with an average accuracy of 55%. In the second experiment, the highest accuracy CNN was VGG19, with 91% accuracy. Overall, the techniques were able to distinguish vehicles of different models and adapted to the data captured by drones.

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Abstract Graphene oxide is a revolutionary material that enhances properties in electronics, automotive, civil construction, aerospace, and industrial sectors. Even added in low levels (0.1 – 5.0%), properly dispersed in polymer composites, it results in significant differences in mechanical, thermal, chemical, and electrical properties. Often, a suitable dispersant facilitate homogenization and provides stability in the fabrication process. However, there are few studies in the literature that assess graphene oxide dispersion. This paper presents methodologies for determining the graphene oxide content and its dispersion in naphthenic plasticizer in the presence of surfactant. A multivariate method, based on partial least squares regression and Raman spectroscopy, was used to determine the particle size and graphene oxide content in the graphene oxide /plasticizer system, with linearity (R2 > 0.99) and analytical error (> 0.29%). A laser diffraction methodology was developed for the dispersibility study. The results contribute to the state of the art of researching industrial aerospace solutions for polymeric systems containing graphene oxide.

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Abstract Due to ecological imbalances and global warming caused by synthetic fibres and petrochemical polymers, researchers are increasingly focusing on the study and fabrication of natural fibre-reinforced polymer composites. To date, no reports have been found on the synergistic effect of abaca and sisal fibre on vinylester (VE). In this research, a novel composite based on VE matrix containing sisal and abaca, ranging from 10 to 30 wt% loadings was developed. After fabrication of different composite samples, their physico-chemical properties were evaluated and examined. The results indicated that the dual fibre loaded vinyl ester composite with 30 wt% revealed maximum mechanical strength (29 MPa) compared to the pure VE (6 MPa). Similarly, the values of flexural (855 MPa), impact (10.77 kJ/mm2) and hardness strengths (86 HRB) of 30 wt% dual fibre loadings were increased compared to the neat VE (Flexural – 238 MPa, Impact – 6 kJ/mm2, Hardness - 9 HRB). The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) depicted that the addition of sisal and abaca fibre decreases the initial onset degradation temperature of VE, respectively, but their weight residues were higher than those of pure VE indicating higher thermal stability. Further, the water absorption studies depicted decreased moisture absorption for the developed VE composites containing sisal and abaca fibre. Hence, the enhanced physico-chemical properties of newly developed composites were suitable for various applications ranging from aerospace to sports equipment.

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Abstract This research addresses the make or buy strategy for Machine Learning Operations (MLOps), exploring the decision between developing internally or purchasing computational solutions for Machine Learning projects. Considering factors such as cost, quality, technical expertise and strategic alignment, organizations face the challenge of balancing product complexity, core competencies and risk management. This research highlights the importance of understanding the needs of each project when analyzing existing offers to solve problems and maintain competitiveness in the market, offering a guide for drive and support your decision. Additionally, qualitative and quantitative reviews of MLFlow, Airflow, Kubeflow, Databricks, Dataiku, H2O, Amazon AWS, Microsoft Azure, and Google GCP tools are presented, which facilitate the life-cycle management of machine learning models. This research contributes to the understanding of the challenges and strategies involved in the effective implementation of MLOps projects.

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Abstract Due to the unreasonable assumptions for the three-dimensional (3D) sliding surface, the calculated results of the global stability safety factor (GSF) of the diaphragm wall slurry trench are often excessively large. In order to improve this phenomenon, the 3D calculation model on the GSF of trench wall is established by assuming the sliding surface to be a quarter ellipsoidal surface and the sliding mass to be a quarter ellipsoid. Then the 3D energy method is proposed based on the minimum potential energy principle, and further the 3D equivalent energy method is also come up with adopting the equivalent trench length to replace the actual trench length. The correctness of the models established and the rationality of the calculation methods proposed are verified based on ten engineering cases and the sensitivity of the GSF to various parameters is analyzed on the basis of seven design examples. Finally, the different calculation methods are used to check the global stability of the slurry trenches in practical engineering, the results prove that the calculation methods presented are rationality once again and the 3D equivalent energy method has better engineering applicability.

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Abstract Fact-checking agencies were pivotal in countering misinformation during the COVID-19 pandemic. We investigated the predominant thematic orientations within Brazilian fact-checking agencies during the pandemic’s initial year. Brazil’s case is relevant because it has a high traffic of false information and was the second country most affected by the pandemic. From Latam Chequea Coronavirus’s database, 838 assertions checked of fact-checking were analysed by automated content analysis, allowing the identification of the thematic incidence through descending hierarchical classification and factorial correspondence analysis. The emerged themes encompassed vaccine, virus origin, social isolation, economic relief, disease mortality, and treatment. Fact-checking agencies assigned varying levels of importance to specific themes, which may reinforce the idea of possible non-neutrality fact-checking journalism. Most categories displayed an irregular publication pattern, indicating they were not part of continuous communicative processes. This research addresses methodological, temporal, and sampling gaps by employing automated analysis, covering the pandemic’s initial year, and utilising a substantial dataset from the global South. The study contributes to the ongoing discourse on fact-checking agencies’ roles and limitations.

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Abstract The article explores the growing influence of Article Processing Charges (APCs) in academic publishing, especially in Argentina, and the challenges they pose for non-hegemonic countries. It highlights the shift from traditional subscription models to open access models, driven by commercial publishers, which often impose significant financial burdens on researchers and institutions. The study aims to examine the issues arising from these models, particularly the commercial open access system, to describes the actions developed by the National Agency for the promotion of Research, Technological Development and Innovation from Argentina, and to discuss some public policy proposals. One major finding is that APCs can exacerbate global inequalities in scientific publishing, as researchers from middle- and low-income countries struggle to afford these fees. This trend can distort research agendas and limit international collaborations. Besides, public research funding agencies play a crucial role in shaping publishing practices, and thus have the power to either promote or hinder more equitable publishing models. The article concludes that non-commercial open access routes, like the “diamond” model, should be promoted, and research assessments should shift away from focusing on journal rankings to encourage more responsible research dissemination. The study calls for reforms in both national and global publishing policies.

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Abstract Women’s representation in science has grown, yet they still comprise only about a third of the global scientific community. While women are the majority in fields like social, biological, and health sciences, they remain underrepresented in others, such as exact sciences and engineering, from training stages to senior positions. Beyond gender-related challenges, motherhood introduces additional barriers. In this study, we analyzed the perceptions of research productivity fellows from the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development in the fields of physics and nursing regarding their academic-scientific trajectories. These fields present contrasting professional landscapes: women are a minority in physics and a majority in nursing. Data collected in 2020 from fellows active in 2019 revealed that being a woman and, in particular, being a mother impacts scientific careers differently across disciplines. In physics, participants perceived significant obstacles, including gender-based challenges and the disruption caused by motherhood. In nursing, however, motherhood was seen as more integrated into the academic journey. These findings underscore how the academic environment, shaped by the gender composition of a field, profoundly influences career experiences. Addressing these disparities requires context-specific strategies to create equitable and inclusive scientific environments.