Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Floods are among the most destructive natural disasters, necessitating accurate and timely prediction systems to mitigate their impact. This study evaluates the performance of two machine learning models, − K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks − in predicting daily water levels based on hydrological and meteorological data from the Wupper River in Wuppertal, Germany. The KNN model yielded the best accuracy (R2 = 0.97; MAE = 1.65; RMSE = 2.84). Owing to its lazy-learning nature, KNN incurs negligible training cost but requires full dataset storage and high computational effort during inference due to repeated distance evaluations. In contrast, the LSTM model (optimal window t = 1 day) reached R2 = 0.84, MAE = 4.19, and RMSE = 6.84. Unlike KNN, the LSTM forms an explicit parametric model during training − an expensive step − but produces fast predictions once deployed.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract The term ‘boldo’ is popularly used in the Amazon region to refer to different plant species. This study aimed to identify the chemical profile, evaluate the antioxidant potential and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of leaf infusions of fresh samples of Plectranthus barbatus, Plectranthus ornatus, Gymnanthemum amygdalinum, and Peumus boldus commercially acquired at different retail venues in Manaus and Itacoatiara (AM), Brazil. The compounds tentatively identified included the alkaloids N-methyllaurotetanine, N-methylcoclaurine, isoboldine, and norisoboldine in P. boldus leaves; the flavonoid glycosides luteolin 7-O-glucoside and quercetin 3-O-glucoside, along with diterpenoid coleon H, in P. ornatus; the flavonoid glycoside isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside and rosmarinic acid in P. barbatus; and the flavonoid glycoside apigenin 7-O-glucoside, toguether with 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid, in G. amygdalinum. The antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH assay, with P. boldus exhibiting the highest activity among the samples at 1073.33 μM ET. The remaining extracts showed moderate anti-acetylcholinesterase activity. In the in silico prediction assay, luteolin 7-O-glucoside showed the strongest acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity, with a binding energy of -10.4 kcal.mol-1. This study enhances the understanding of the chemical and biological knowledge of P. barbatus, P. ornatus, G. amygdalinum, and P. boldus.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Chocolate sensory quality is influenced by volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that vary among cocoa varieties. This study investigated the volatile and sensory profiles of dark chocolates made from nine different cocoa types. VOCs were analyzed using headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-MS). Sensory characteristics were evaluated through Quantitative Descriptive Analysis (QDA) by a trained panel of 12 tasters. The cocoa varieties studied were SR162, TSH188, CEPEC2002, BN34, PH16, PS1319, CCN51, IPIRANGA I of the Trinitario species, and PARÁ/PARAZINHO of the Forastero species. A total of 45 VOCs were identified. Among them, acetic acid (34.3-64.5%) and tetramethylpyrazine (4.7-16.9%) were the most abundant in all samples. Multivariate analysis highlighted key compounds differentiating the different chocolate samples. The results showed that the cocoa variety had a significant impact on the VOC content and the sensory profile of the chocolates. Sample SR162 contained higher levels of pyrazines, contributing to a pronounced aroma. In terms of sensory perception, chocolates made with BN34 and SR162 had more intense fruity aroma, sweetness, and fruity flavor. These findings suggest that SR162 offers a more appealing sensory profile, showing how cocoa genetics can affect the quality of dark chocolate.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Gout is an inflammatory disease caused by monosodium urate (MSU) crystal deposition, triggering NLRP3 inflammasome activation, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) release, and P2X7 receptor-mediated amplification of inflammation. This study evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of methyl gallate (MG) and its interaction with the P2X7 receptor. MG reduced IL-1β production in activated macrophages, inhibited P2X7-dependent membrane pore formation, and produced effects similar to those of the selective P2X7 antagonist A740003. In a murine gout model, MG decreased joint edema, leukocyte accumulation, and IL-1β levels. Computational analyses demonstrated stable MG binding to P2X7, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic candidate for gout treatment.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract The application of triazole fungicides in agriculture has raised concerns regarding their potential deleterious effects on human health. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the in vivo cardiotoxicity of fungicides difenoconazole (DFZ) and prothioconazole (PRZ), in Wistar rats subjected to daily administration of 1 mg/kg/day, corresponding to the non-observed adverse effect level (NOAEL), by gavage over a period of 28 consecutive days. No significant alterations were observed in the weights of the heart, right atrium, left atrium, spleen, liver, and lungs of the animals. Histopathological analyses of the myocardium revealed no evidence of cardiac hypertrophy. Electrocardiographic assessments did not indicate significant changes in P wave duration, PR and QT intervals, QRS complex, or RR interval. Furthermore, during the cardiac stress tests induced by caffeine and dobutamine, DFZ and PRZ did not increase the likelihood of developing cardiac arrhythmias, nor did they augment the infarct area as measured by TTC/Evans Blue staining. Also, serum levels of the cardiac biomarkers CK-MB and LDH were comparable to those of the control group. Collectively, these results suggest that DFZ and PRZ, at the administered dose and time frame, do not induce structural or electrical alterations in the hearts of rats.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Tribulus terrestris (Zygophylaceae) has been used by traditional medicine as tonic, aphrodisiac and diuretic agent, as well as to treat cardiovascular diseases. However, the vascular effect of Tribulus terrestris fruits is poorly explored. Thus, the aim of this study is to assess effect of Tribulus terrestris fruit preparations on rat aortae. Dried crude ethanol deriving from Tribulus terrestris fruit extract (CE) was partitioned to produce hexane (HEX), dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), butanol (BuOH) and methanol/water-soluble (MWS) fractions. These preparations had their phytochemical profile assessed though UPLC-ESI-MS. Concentration-response curves plotted for CE, or for its fractions, were built in precontracted vessels with, or without, intact endothelium. Cumulative addition of both CE and its fractions (0.1-1,000 µg/mL) to a phenylephrine-induced precontracted vessel (10-7 M) promoted vasorelaxant effect in a concentration-dependent manner, and it did not depend on the vascular endothelium. EtOAc (1,000 µg/mL) applied to endothelium-denuded rings has fully inhibited phenylephrine-induced contractions. Likewise, EtOAC (1,000 µg/mL) added to nominally Ca2+-free depolarizing solution inhibited CaCl2-induced contractions. UPLC-ESI-MS analyses have indicated that EtOAC is rich in cinnamic acid amide derivatives. Altogether, the herein analyzed data suggest that the vasorelaxant effect of EtOAc can likely be attributed to the blockage of voltage-gated calcium channels.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD), a chronic, multifactorial condition, heightens mortality risks and can exacerbate comorbidities with age due to indiscriminate alcohol consumption. Ingesting food before and during alcohol intake can attenuate peak blood alcohol concentration. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of Optimized Food Bar for Blood Alcohol Reduction (OFBAR) in healthy individuals. A four-way Randomized Crossover Clinical Trial enrolled twenty participants, incorporating four alcohol intake intervention, each with different meal conditions (fasting, OFBAR, control meal, full meal), randomized and alternated. Participants underwent morning testing with randomly assigned meals prior to vodka consumption (0.35 g/kg for men and 0.30 g/kg for women). Blood alcohol concentration was measured via breathalyzer for 90 minutes. Post-intervention, participants assessed meal impressions and satiety. Both OFBAR and the control meal reduced alcohol absorption by approximately 30% compared with fasting, as assessed by relative bioavailability based on area under curve (AUC0–t). OFBAR emerged as a viable method, yielding fewer calories than control meal, nutritional value, and convenience. Participants favored its organoleptic attributes, reporting satisfactory satiety without excess. Encouraging strategies like OFBAR could mitigate acute intoxication and associated repercussions, such as accidents, violence, or health deterioration.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract The present study aimed to determine the allelic and genotypic frequencies of the miRNA27a rs895819, miRNA222 rs2858060 and miRNA499 rs3746444 polymorphisms and their possible association with endometriosis. This case-control study consisted of 143 women; 54 had endometriosis (case group) and 89 had no endometriosis (control group) ant the polymorphisms were determined by real-time PCR. For the statistical analysis, the chi-square was used to compare genotypic and allelic frequencies, estimate the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, and logistic regression test. There were no significant differences in genotype frequencies between case and control of miRNA27a rs895819 (X² = 2.57; p = 0.27) and of miRNA499a rs3746444 (χ2 = 3.65; p = 0.16), in other hand, exist a difference (X² = 8.42; p = 0.01) for miRNA222 rs2858060. Patients and controls were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium to rs895819, however to the polymorphisms rs2858060 and rs 3746444 were in disequilibrium to the controls. In the sample analyzed, the rs895819 polymorphism of miRNA-27a and the rs3746444 miRNA-499a are not associated with endometriosis, while the miRNA-222 rs2858060 displays a preliminary and exploratory indication of association. This work represents an advance in endometriosis genetics since it reveals a link between endometriosis and miRNA variants.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Diseases caused by mosquito-borne pathogens have spread globally, posing a growing threat to public health. This study aimed to evaluate the distribution of breeding sites and properties that were positive for the presence of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in the health macro-regions of Santa Catarina, between 2013 and 2023, seeking to identify seasonal and geographic occurrence patterns to support vector control strategies. This is an ecological study with secondary data provided by the Diretoria de Vigilância Epidemiológica do Estado de Santa Catarina (DIVE, State of Santa Catarina Epidemiological Surveillance Directorate), tabulated by year and macro-region, including mosquito samples grouped by property and breeding site category. Kruskal-Wallis tests were performed, followed by Dwass-Steel-Critchlow-Fligner multiple comparisons - DSCF. The analysis revealed that 5.78% of the populations were of Aedes albopictus and 94.22% of Aedes aegypti. The macro-region with the most Aedes aegypti populations was the Grande Oeste, and the most critical year was 2023. The Planalto Norte and Nordeste had the highest concentration of Aedes albopictus, peaking in 2022. Commercial and residential properties were the most affected. The disparities observed between macro-regions, years, and species suggest that regional and temporal factors play an important role in the distribution of mosquitoes.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Studies have reported an association between sleep duration and obesity in children and adolescents worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between sleep duration and obesity in children aged 6-12 years and adolescents aged 13-18 years using a meta-analysis approach. Databases, including PubMed, Proquest, Google Scholar, EBSCO, and Web of Science, were searched for articles published between 2010 and 2024. Data analysis was conducted using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software. Of the 1116 articles identified, 17 were systematically reviewed, and 10 were included in the meta-analysis. The findings revealed a significant association between short sleep duration and obesity in children and adolescents, with a combined odds ratio (OR) of 1.25 (95% CI: 1.12, 1.42). Subgroup analysis by age demonstrated similar results to the combined OR. In children aged 6-12 years, the combined OR was 1.20 (95% CI: 1.08-1.42), whereas in adolescents aged 13-18 years, it was 1.38 (95% CI: 1.18-1.63). These results indicate that improving sleep quality and promoting healthy eating habits among children and adolescents may reduce the risk of obesity. Further training programs, interventions, and research are recommended.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Regional inequalities in basic sanitation remain a major public health challenge in Brazil. This study assessed the relationship between sanitation indicators and health outcomes related to Diseases Related to Inadequate Environmental Sanitation (DRSAI) in Brazilian capitals from 2010 to 2019. Mortality and hospitalization data were obtained from DATASUS, and water and sewerage coverage indicators from the National Sanitation Information System (SNIS). Pearson correlations and hierarchical cluster analyses were used to explore spatial patterns and associations. Pronounced regional disparities were observed. Northern and Northeastern capitals, including Macapá, Recife, and Salvador, had the highest DRSAI mortality and hospitalization rates, coinciding with the lowest sewerage coverage (<30%) and limited potable water access (<60%). In contrast, Southern and Southeastern capitals, including Curitiba, Porto Alegre, and São Paulo, showed better sanitation and health indicators. Sewage coverage was significantly and negatively correlated with hospitalization and mortality rates (p<0.05), indicating an inverse association between sanitation coverage and DRSAI outcomes. The findings highlight the central role of sanitation in reducing inequalities in DRSAI-related hospitalizations and mortality. Despite progress, universal access remains distant and requires targeted investments and integrated public policies to improve sanitation and public health outcomes in Brazil, particularly in the country’s most socially vulnerable urban areas.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic raised concerns about increased mental health morbidity, yet limited evidence exists on how demand for mental health care manifested in primary care settings during this period. This study evaluated cases of anxiety and depression with conclusive ICD-10 diagnoses recorded in medical records, examining associations with age group, sex, and the pre- versus pandemic context. The sample consisted of 8,365 individuals (6,038 females, 2,316 males; mean age 45.5±16.1 years) who sought spontaneous medical care at Basic Health Units (BHUs) between the pre-pandemic period (2019; n=2,600) and the pandemic period (2020-2022; n=5,755). Contrary to expectations, no significant increase was observed in the proportion of consultations for anxiety (P=0.7) and depression (P=0.4) during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic period. However, significant shifts within subgroups were identified: elderly individuals (≥65 years; n=1,382) showed 82% higher odds of depression compared to younger adults, while males had 12% higher odds of anxiety compared to females. These findings reveal that while the pandemic did not lead to a proportional increase in formal mental health diagnoses at primary care level, it was associated with significant demographic shifts particularly higher depression risk among the elderly and elevated anxiety risk among males.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Osteospermum moniliferum is an unexplored shrub with regard to its pharmacological properties. In this study, the antioxidant potential of O. moniliferum was evaluated using the 2,2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. The DPPH assay indicated that the stem methanolic extract demonstrated the most pronounced scavenging capability (83.16%) at the minimal concentration of 15 mg/mL, with IC50 values recorded at 5.08 mg/mL. The IC50 values obtained from the FRAP assay were suboptimal for the leaf extracts (>1000 µg/mL), whereas the stem extracts exhibited remarkable activity, with values of 2.75 mg/mL for methanol, 3.52 mg/mL for chloroform, and 4.49 mg/mL for hexane extracts. The cytotoxicity was evaluated against three human cell lines, viz. breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), embryonic kidney (HEK293) and lung carcinoma (A549), using the (MTT) assay. Moderate activity was observed for the leaf (44.66±0.09 µg/µL) and stem (47.37±0.08 µg/µL) hexane extracts for the HEK293 cell line. In contrast, stem methanol, leaf methanol, leaf chloroform and stem chloroform extracts had low cytotoxic activity against the MCF-7 cell line. All extracts exhibited promising antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These findings could potentially contribute to the advancement of naturally derived compounds used in healthcare.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract The study aimed to develop polymeric films incorporating açaí oil for potential applications in food packaging, analyzing physicochemical, mechanical, and antifungal properties. The açaí palm tree, native to the Amazon region, is recognized for its oil rich in bioactive compounds, with beneficial health properties, including antimicrobial and antifungal activity. The preparation process involved dissolving sodium alginate in distilled water, mixing with açaí oil, adding glycerol and dihydrate calcium chloride, followed by solution deposition onto Petri dishes and drying in an oven. The films were evaluated for continuity, homogeneity, transparency, flexibility, moisture content, solubility, thickness, and water vapor permeability. Results indicated that the formulated films were suitable, with good continuity, homogeneity, and flexibility. Moisture content varied between 10.59% and 44.01%, correlating with glycerol concentration. Water solubility ranged from 4.89% to 52.94%, with positive quadratic effects of alginate concentration and linear effects of glycerol and açaí oil concentration. Higher glycerol concentrations increased moisture content, while higher açaí oil concentrations resulted in lower moisture content. Four formulations exhibited good antifungal parameters against the Curvularia fungus. In summary, polymeric films incorporated with açaí oil showed promise for applications in food packaging, with suitable physicochemical properties and antifungal action influenced by component concentration.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Tomato cultivation worldwide faces problems with bacterial wilt and Fusarium wilt, which cause significant yield losses. This study evaluated Bacillus sp. SNRUSA4, a polylactic acid (PLA)-degrading bacterium isolated from compost, for plant growth promotion and biocontrol against these diseases. In vitro assays confirmed that SNRUSA4 effectively inhibited Ralstonia solanacearum and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, the pathogens responsible for bacterial wilt and Fusarium wilt, respectively. Important traits, including phosphate solubilization, nitrogen fixation, biofilm formation, and the production of siderophore, indole-3-acetic acid, ammonia, and hydrolytic enzymes (amylase, cellulase, lipase, protease, and chitinase), which are consistent with its PLA-degrading capability, were observed in SNRUSA4. These traits contribute to both plant growth promotion and disease suppression. The seedling tray experiment indicated that the combined application of SNRUSA4 and L-tryptophan synergistically promoted tomato seedling growth, enhancing shoot and root lengths. Seed priming with SNRUSA4 enhanced tomato seedling growth as shown in fresh weight, dry weight, and vigor index. SNRUSA4 demonstrated efficacy in the biocontrol of bacterial and Fusarium wilt diseases, along with promoting tomato growth in pot experiments. Thus, this study highlights the potential of Bacillus sp. SNRUSA4 as a multi-functional strain for bridging bioplastic waste management with tomato growth promotion and disease control.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract One alternative for soil quality restoration is the use of microorganisms that enhance plant development and contaminant bioavailability. This study evaluated the microbial community in the absence and presence of Leucaena leucocephala cultivated in mining tailings from the Fundão Dam collapse, Mariana, Brazil. Substrates included 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% tailings. Plant growth, total organic carbon (TOC), respiration, and rhizosphere prokaryote density were analyzed. Plant development decreased with higher tailing proportions, while TOC increased in the presence of leucaena. Comparisons between treatments with and without leucaena revealed higher TOC in 0 and 50% tailings. Microbial activity, measured as CO₂ release, was maintained in 25% tailings, matching the control. Prokaryote density was similar across all treatments with leucaena; among tailing treatments, only the 25% condition was statistically comparable to the substrate without tailings. These results indicate that L. leucocephala contributes to improving organic carbon and sustaining microbial communities under tailing-contaminated conditions. Recovery of microbial activity is more effective when tailings are mixed with fertile substrates, highlighting the potential of combining plants and microbial processes for bioremediation of degraded areas.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Vitex gardneriana Schauer, known as “Jaramataia”, is widely used in folk medicine for its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. This study aimed to determine the chemical composition and evaluate the antifungal, antioxidant, and cytotoxic effects of the essential oil (EO) from its leaves. The EO was obtained via hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC-FID, identifying 16 components, with trans-calamenene (25.31%), 6,9-guaiadiene (18.33%), and caryophyllene oxide (15.14%) as major compounds. Antifungal activity was assessed by broth microdilution, showing a MIC of 5 mg/mL for all strains. A synergistic effect was observed when combined with amphotericin B, reducing the EO’s inhibitory concentration by over 30-fold. Antioxidant activity (DPPH method) showed an IC50 of 85.86 mg/mL, while hemolytic assays on human erythrocytes showed an IC50 of 20 mg/mL. Molecular docking revealed a stronger affinity of EO compounds to Sap5 (-7.3 kcal/mol) than Als3 (-6.2 kcal/mol), with some ligands (e.g., 1-epi-cubenol, caryophyllene oxide) binding to different regions than amphotericin B. These findings suggest that V. gardneriana EO has moderate antifungal activity. However, it shows promising potential when combined with conventional antifungal agents and supports future research toward the development of therapeutic formulations.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract The lignin extracted from the leaves of Crataeva tapia was investigated for its antimicrobial activity and potential use in solid pharmaceutical formulations. The leaves contained 35% cellulose, 23.4% hemicellulose, 17.3% lignin, 19.1% extractives, and 4.7% ash. The extraction yield after acid precipitation was 67.8%. Cytotoxicity assays in RAW 264.7, J774, Vero, V79, and HepG2 cells showed low toxicity (IC50 >1000 µg/mL) and no hemolytic activity (<10%). Lignin exhibited MIC values ranging from 512 to >1024 µg/mL, with no MBC or MFC detected. The best antibacterial result was observed against Staphylococcus aureus UFPEDA-709 (MIC 512 µg/mL), comparable to oxacillin. Among Candida strains, notable results were obtained for HAM11 (128 µg/mL; fluconazole 0.5 µg/mL) and HAM13 (128 µg/mL; fluconazole 4 µg/mL). No synergism was observed against bacteria, but additive and synergistic effects were detected in HAM11 and HAM13, respectively. Lignin reduced HAM13 biofilm formation by 16%. Ergosterol assays suggested its action on fungal cell walls and membranes. Tablets containing lignin showed hardness of 5.5 Kgf/cm², friability of 0.93%, and disintegration in 36.2 min, while those without lignin showed 4.6 Kgf/cm², 0.15%, and 31 min, respectively. These findings highlight C. tapia lignin as a versatile and promising biomaterial for sustainable fluconazole-based formulations and adjuvant therapies.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Current work investigates the phytochemical components and the antioxidant, antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and anti-SARS-CoV-2 effects of Cymbopogon schoenanthus essential oil using both in vitro and in silico methods. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis identified 23 volatile constituents, with piperitone (32.62%), elemol (25.27%), and β-eudesmol (15.22%) as the predominant ones. The oil exhibited significant antioxidant activity using DPPH and ABTS assays, with IC50 values of 99.20 and 89.01 µg/mL, respectively. Antimicrobial evaluations against MRSA, Shigella sonnei, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Aspergillus fumigatus revealed marked effects, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 0.3 to 2.5 µg/mL and inhibition zone diameters (IZDs) ranging from 30±0.6 to 10±0.6 mm. The oil demonstrated a strong, dose-dependent antibiofilm effect against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), achieving 78% inhibition at 10 µg/mL. The essential oil demonstrated a marked antiviral effect against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), with a selectivity index (18.6) superior to that of remdesivir (15.11). Molecular docking revealed strong binding affinities of major constituents to key enzymatic targets, including SARS-CoV-2’s receptor-binding domain, and bacterial PBP2a and Gyrase B, with sesquiterpenes showing higher binding energies than monoterpenes. These results scientifically validated the traditional uses of C. schoenanthus and highlighted its potential as a source of natural anti-infective agent.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Decomposing logs play a crucial role in sustaining the diversity of epixylic bryophytes; however, research on this group remains limited. This study sought to examine how log circumference size and decomposition stage influence the richness and composition of epixylic bryophyte communities in Atlantic Forest regions of northeastern Brazil. Bryophyte samples were collected from 40 logs representing three decomposition stages: initial, intermediate, and advanced. Most of the species identified on the sampled logs were from the families Calymperaceae and Lejeuneaceae. The cancellinae structures of Calymperaceae and the lobules of Lejeuneaceae enhance the tolerance of these species to moisture fluctuations, particularly during the early stages of decomposition.The results indicated that variations in bryophyte coverage, richness, and species composition were not significantly associated with either decomposition stage or log circumference. Notably, bryophyte richness and species composition remained consistent across different decomposition stages, suggesting a high level of species coexistence. This pattern may be attributed to the availability of abundant resources and reduced competition in this substrate type.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Trace elements are present in small concentrations in nature, but have a high potential for contamination and toxicity in aquatic environments. Although they occur naturally, the intensity of human actions increases the contamination of these environments. In this study, we evaluated the bioaccumulation of zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd) in Loricariidae species in streams of the Brazilian Cerrado. Trace elements were quantified in the muscle and liver tissues of different Loricariidae species by atomic absorption spectrometry. In addition, limnological variables and the concentrations of Zn and Cd in the water of the studied streams were measured. We collected 40 individuals belonging to six Loricariidae species. Zn concentrations in the water were higher than Cd concentrations. Zn and Cd were bioaccumulated by all Loricariidae species. Liver tissue accumulated higher concentrations of Zn, while Cd was accumulated in greater quantities in muscle tissue. The concentrations of trace elements accumulated by fish were related to some limnological variables, but especially to the concentrations of Zn and Cd dissolved in the water. The presence of Zn and Cd in the environment and in animals may indicate potential contamination for other communities that use water resources, especially those at higher trophic levels, i.e. humans.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Ulva lactuca is a species that is widely distributed in coastal environments, having been recognized for its role as a primary producer, bioindicator, and source of bioactive compounds, as well as been known for its applications in the food, pharmaceutical and bioremediation industries. This study evaluated the effects of hypersaline stress on cultured specimens of U. lactuca exposed to three salinity levels (35, 45, and 55 PSU) for 48 hours under controlled laboratory conditions. The following parameters were analyzed: biomass, growth rate, water nutrients, effective quantum yield of photosystem II (YII), chlorophylls a and b, carotenoids, carbon and nitrogen contents, and the C:N ratio. Results indicated that high salinity (55 PSU) significantly reduced biomass, growth rate, and nutrient assimilation. Although photosynthetic performance (YII) and pigment levels did not vary significantly, the C:N ratio increased to 11:1 under this treatment, suggesting changes in the physiological status of the alga. Despite these alterations, U. lactuca remained physiologically active, indicating compensatory mechanisms in response to short-term hypersaline stress. These findings highlight the species’ resilience and its relevance as a model in studies of tolerance to environmental variation.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract From the first collection to formal description, many new species remain forgotten in herbaria for decades. In the case of Microlicia, a large genus in the Melastomataceae family, this delay is likely due to the high number of species and their remarkable morphological diversity. In this context, we describe Microlicia badiniana, which took more than 80 years to be recognized as a new species. This species occurs in the district of Lavras Novas, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil. We compare M. badiniana with M. cuspidifolia, M. elegans, M. sublaevis, M. tetrasticha, and M. warmingiana, morphologically similar species. The new species is assessed as “Data Deficient” (DD), since information about its distribution remains scarce. An illustrative plate and photographs of leaves and floral buds of M. badiniana and closely related species are also provided. Additionally, we present an identification key for the 34 Microlicia species found in the municipality of Ouro Preto.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Amorphinopsis atlantica (Halichondriidae) is the only known species of its genus in the Atlantic Ocean. It is a brittle, massive sponge with variable projections and coloration ranging from yellow to dark green, characterized by oxeas and accessory styles. Originally described from Brazil’s southwestern coast, it has since been reported in several Caribbean sites, typically inhabiting submerged mangrove stilt-roots in coastal lagoons. Although shallow-water sponges in the Colombian Caribbean have been studied, this conspicuous species had not been previously documented in lagoonal systems of the region. This study reports its presence for the first time in the Mallorquín (Atlántico Department) and La Escollera (Magdalena Department) coastal lagoons. The report includes new information on its morphology, habitat, substrata, distribution, and ecology in the Colombian Caribbean. Two potential threats to the species were identified: in some areas of the Mallorquín coastal lagoon, a high degree of sedimentation was observed, causing individuals to become buried within the sediment, while in La Escollera, recent heavy rainfall and runoff events were followed by the disappearance of sponges from mangrove roots. These findings highlight the need to incorporate A. atlantica into local management plans to ensure its protection.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Brazil harbors the world’s richest biodiversity, making its native fauna a target for wildlife trafficking. This study aims to characterize the profile of chelonian species admitted to two Wildlife Screening Centers – CETAS in southeastern Brazil, focusing on taxonomy, demographic patterns, and final destination. We also adopted an ethnoherpetological approach to investigate public perceptions of chelonians as pets, based on face-to-face and online surveys conducted across Brazil. A total of 68 chelonians from six species without legal documentation were admitted to the Center’s facilities. Chelonoidis carbonarius was the most frequently admitted species (81%) and also the most commonly reported pet (40%) in the Vale do Rio Doce mesoregion, while Trachemys dorbigni was the most popular pet nationwide (12%). Approximately half of the respondents acquired chelonians through donations and would surrender them to environmental agencies or zoos if no longer interested. Chelonian admissions at the Centers increased by 175% over three years. Our findings highlight the role of social and cultural factors in driving the illegal trade of chelonians in Brazil, reinforcing the need for strengthened enforcement, clearer regulatory frameworks, including in digital environments, and targeted environmental education to reduce demand and encourage societal participation in combating wildlife trafficking.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Plant interactions significantly influence individual growth, with competition for resources being a key factor. However, it’s still unclear if neighboring species affect the anatomical development of aquatic plants. This 60-day factorial experiment investigated the anatomical responses of three Pantanal macrophytes: the non-native Urochloa arrecta and native species Ipomoea carnea and Polygonum ferrugineum, grown alone and with neighbors. After the experiment, plants were analyzed anatomically using standard techniques, Image J, and a two-way ANOVA. Results showed that neighboring I. carnea and P. ferrugineum inhibited the formation of certain anatomical structures in U. arrecta, such as mesophyll and vascular bundles. This inhibition could reduce U. arrecta’s success in the Pantanal, as these structures are vital for optimal plant development. Conversely, U. arrecta’s cortex structures were stimulated by neighboring species, potentially enhancing its resistance and competitive ability. This finding aligns with previous studies showing that higher native species richness can inhibit the morphological development of non-native species, suggesting this relationship extends to anatomical structures as well.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract This study analyzed temporal changes in fishery production along the northern coast of Brazil to assess evidence of fishing down marine food webs. Landings data from Pará State between 1997 and 2007 were used to evaluate variations in catch composition and mean trophic levels (MTL). Mean annual landings (t) by combined taxa peaked around 1998 and 2002, followed by a steady decline in later years. High-trophic groups, including large pelagic, demersal fish, and elasmobranchs, showed marked reductions in mean annual landings. Although no significant annual differences in MTL were detected, linear regression revealed a significant negative temporal trend, indicating a gradual shift toward species of lower trophic levels. These results suggest that fisheries in northern Brazil are undergoing a process of fishing down where high-value, top-predator species such as Cynoscion acoupa and Scomberomorus brasiliensis are being replaced by smaller, faster-growing taxa. This scenario is reinforced by decreases in catch volumes of the main target fishery resources. Despite limitations in data reliability, the consistent decline in trophic level underscores the need for improved monitoring systems, accurate species identification, and the implementation of ecosystem-based management strategies.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract The Xique Xique aeolian system is the largest Quaternary interior dune field in Brazil, comprising areas on both margins of the São Francisco River. With a sediment volume of more than 600 km³, the origin of this large amount of sand and its possible sources are issues that have drawn the attention of researchers in the last century. We aim to determine whether the dune fields on each side of the river have distinct sources, understand deposition mechanisms, and investigate variations in sedimentary provenance over time. Through a multi-proxy analysis of granulometry, heavy minerals assemblages, and tourmaline and zircon varieties, we investigated the connection between this aeolian system and the river, regarding source areas and sedimentary pathways. The data obtained show more similarities between the dune fields in both margins than differences. Statistical analysis indicates that, on both margins, fluvial terraces acted as primary source of sediments, exhibiting the intrinsic connection among the dunes fields and the river. There are no signs of mineralogy variation over time, only a lack of unstable minerals in the older deposits. The Xique Xique aeolian system appears to be highly influenced by the river past, climate and wind direction.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract The study investigated the relationship between occurrence of damage and destruction of public health facilities and losses due to disasters, health care expenditure, the indicators of disaster risk management in Brazilian municipalities in the period from 2013 to 2020. The method was secondary data analyses using national datasets in the public domain. Only records of disasters recognised by the Federal Government were selected. In total, 19,026 records of disasters and their impacts were analysed, including 949 Brazilian municipalities. The results showed that as the number of dead, injured, and ill people grows, the number of damaged health facilities also tends to increase for all years. However, the correlation coefficient was weak, except for the years 2013, 2014 and 2015, which was moderate. The spatial distribution of municipalities with the highest disaster-related expenditures is concentrated in the states of Amazonas, Pará, Acre, Mato Grosso do Sul, and in some states in the Northeast. Hydrological (flooding and flash floods) have caused the most damage and destruction of health services. The indicators of disaster risk management do not explain the variation in the occurrence of damaged or destroyed facilities, because the coefficient values indicated a very weak correlation.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Floods are among the most harmful natural disasters for humans, and rising global temperatures tend to make them more frequent. This paper aims to model flood susceptibility in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, based on the 2019 and 2020 floods. The methodology used in the paper is based on the Analytical Hierarchy Process. The contribution of variables to extreme flood events was calculated to assess the influence of oceanic tides in conjunction with the extreme rainfall. The methodological procedures were mainly based on acquiring data referring to rainfall records, ocean tide oscillations, and other natural-anthropogenic variables. The results showed that ocean tidal oscillation in that region has played a secondary but essential role in flood events. Furthermore, observing ocean tide dynamics and extreme rainfall events is the key combination for explaining, preventing, and forecasting extreme flood events. For future research, it is recommended that the improvement of quality data (geodetic and meteorological) is essential to model flood susceptibility in coastal areas.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Urban soils act as long-term reservoirs for trace metals, yet how soil physicochemical properties and anthropogenic pressure interact over time remains poorly understood in medium-sized cities of the Global South. This study evaluates the spatiotemporal dynamics and ecological risks of Ba, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, Ni, Mo, Co, and Cd in urban topsoils, through a 33-week monitoring campaign. Linear Mixed Models (LMM) and Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) were combined to identify retention controls and source contributions. No significant temporal variability was observed (p > 0.05), confirming soil as a stationary reservoir, whereas marked spatial heterogeneity occurred (p < 0.001), driven by localized soil properties. LMM results highlighted soil organic matter (SOM) as a key enhancer of Cu (β = 6.15) and Zn (β = 17.9) retention, while pH exerted a strong negative control on Pb mobility (β = –23.9 x 104). PMF identified three major contributors: geogenic sources (35.9%), industrial/traffic emissions (32.4%), and mixed anthropogenic-lithogenic inputs (30.7%). Although metal concentrations remained below intervention thresholds, localized Cd-driven ecological risks persist in densely populated areas. This study highlights that vegetation and SOM function as vital geochemical sinks for metal immobilization, offering effective pathways for sustainable urban risk mitigation.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract The rise of arboviruses in tropical countries, such as Brazil, underscores the need for new vector control strategies. This study examines the impact of indigo on the reproductive biology of Aedes aegypti. Females exposed to indigo during the larval stage (150 µg/mL) exhibited a significant decrease in fecundity (150 ± 41 eggs) compared to the control group (204 ± 42 eggs). Fertility was also affected, with lower egg viability and reduced metamorphosis at concentrations of 100 and 150 µg/mL. Males exposed to indigo showed reduced sperm motility, viability, and production, though total protein levels remained unchanged. Interestingly, females preferred ovipositing in indigo-treated containers, with an oviposition activity index (OAI) of +0.58 at 200 µg/mL. In a simulated field, 70% of eggs were laid in indigo-treated areas at 400 µg/mL. Molecular docking suggests indigo may disrupt the function of key proteins, including dopamine N-acetyltransferase and juvenile hormone-binding protein. These results highlight indigo’s potential as an integrated vector control agent, targeting both reproduction and behavior to help reduce Ae. aegypti populations and the spread of arboviruses.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract This study aimed to incorporate maize distillers’ dried grains with solubles (DDGS) into the diet of laying Japanese quail, along with two feed additives, xylanase and a metabolizability enhancer based on clay and algae. A completely randomized design with four treatments, 7 replications, and 6 birds per experimental unit. The treatments were: control, reference diet; DDGS, diet formulated with the inclusion of 150 g/kg DDGS; DDGS + xi, diet formulated with the inclusion of 150 g/kg DDGS and 1 g/kg xylanase enzyme (on top); DDGS + caa, diet formulated with the inclusion of 150 g/kg DDGS and 10 g/kg clay and algae-based metabolizability enhancer (on top). The productive performance of the birds was analyzed in three periods of 21 days each, the quality of the eggs was also measured at the end of each period. No significant differences were observed between the treatments for the variables analyzed. However, for the production cost of feed, the diets containing DDGS showed savings of R$ 10 per 100 kg of feed. Maize DDGS can be included in the diet of laying Japanese quail at 150 g/kg because it has a lower production cost and does not affect egg performance and quality.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract This study evaluated the impact of increasing the dilution rate on the outflow of nitrogen (N) compounds in a semi-continuous culture fermenter (RUSITEC). Five semi-continuous culture fermenters were used to test three dilution rates of the liquid phase (3, 5, and 7 %/h) in an incomplete 3 × 3 Latin square design. Three 10-day assays were performed, each consisting of a 5-day adaptation and stabilization period followed by 5 days of sampling. Each fermenter received 10 g of a total mixed ration, and artificial saliva was continuously infused, at the different experimental rates. The liquid effluent was measured and sampled daily for further analysis. Increasing the dilution rate did not affect N degradability or ammonia-N outflow, but linearly increased the outflow of small peptides and decreased the outflow of amino acids (p < 0.05). The sum of free amino acids and small peptides flowing out of the fermenter represented 21 to 54% of the N that disappeared from bags. The outflow of small peptides from fermentation vessels was directly impacted by increased dilution rate of the incubation medium, indicating that they may contribute significantly to the rumen undegradable protein fraction of feedstuffs.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of hemoparasites and their effects on hematological and plasma biochemical parameters in stingrays from the lower Solimões River region, Amazonas. 130 juvenile stingrays were captured, 81 specimens of Potamotrygon motoro and 49 of Potamotrygon orbignyi. Gametocytes of Cyrilia sp. were found to be infected with mature erythrocytes, with parasitemia ranging from 0 to 1.9% of infected cells. The prevalence of infection was 49.2%, with no significant differences in prevalence or parasitemia between species or between males and females of both species studied. This data may help monitor the health of these wild populations.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Sand flies (Phlebotominae) are vectors of Leishmania, with moist, organic-rich soils common in caves critical for their life cycle. We investigated the sand fly fauna in Gruta do Itambé (Altinópolis, SP - Brazil), a regional ecotourism site, from March 2021 to January 2023. Monthly, ten CDC light traps were deployed during three consecutive nights. A total of 1,353 specimens were identified, predominantly of the genera Lutzomyia (81.74%) and Brumptomyia (15.15%). The most frequent species was Lu. longipalpis (74.06 %), followed by the recently described Lu. itambe (7.39 %). Given the potential role of these caves in leishmaniasis transmission, our findings support the need for entomological surveillance and individual protective measures in tourist-accessible caves.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Renealmia pycnostachys belongs to the Zingiberaceae family and is cited as probably extinct, represented only by the specimen collected in Minas Gerais. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of R. pycnostachys fruit on the reproductive system of male Swiss mice. Twenty-one male Swiss mice were used, divided into 4 experimental groups. Control animals, sildenafil citrate and 2 doses of the extract (50 and 150 mg/kg) were administered by gavage for 42 days, corresponding to the animal’s reproductive cycle. Phytochemical screening identified the presence of flavonoids, tannins, triterpenes, and saponins, demonstrating a high free radical neutralization capacity. The extract did not cause any biometric, tubular, or intertubular changes, and consequently did not affect sperm production. It did not cause hormonal or oxidative status alterations. However, it did promote an increase in penile corpora cavernosa. These findings indicate that the extract increases the proportion of penile corpus cavernosum tissue without altering nitric oxide levels or serum testosterone. The molecular mechanisms underlying this effect were not investigated and remain to be elucidated.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract The inclusion of parasites in inventories has provided relevant information on the knowledge of biodiversity. Integrating accurate taxonomy and species identity of both hosts and parasites can result in valuable insights into the association’s evolutionary relationships, geographic distribution, and dynamics. Besides the risk of diseases related with some parasites, herein we also highlighted the great diversity revealed in parasite communities associated with amphibians and reptiles, varying from unicellular to metazoan organisms occupying numerous tissues throughout the host’s body. To be aware of this diversity, the first step is to implement taxonomic studies performing appropriate methods for collecting and preserving specimens. Here, we aim to provide a useful hands-on guide to parasitological data collection from amphibians and reptiles. We write especially for those aiming to include parasitological data in their sampling, and for herpetologists and naturalists who already collaborate with parasitologists. We also provide some fundamental knowledge on the morphology and life cycle of the main parasites associated with herps, as well as protocols and tips for better collecting and preserving each type of parasite.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Nematodes of the family Cystidicolidae Skryabin, 1946 represent a complex group of parasites of aquatic organisms. They are present in freshwater, estuarine, and marine environments, with fish as intermediate, paratenic, and definitive hosts. This study adds relevant data on the morphology, morphometry, and parasitic ecology of third-stage larvae of Pseudoproleptus Khera, 1953 in fish consumed by riverside populations in the Amazon. A total of 92 fish specimens were acquired between March 2024 and January 2025 from artisanal fishing, distributed among five species: Astronotus ocellatus; Cichla ocellaris; Cynoscion microlepidotus; Gymnotus carapo; and Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus. Nematodes were recovered free and encysted in the visceral peritoneum, coelomic cavity, and lumen. The parasites collected had morphological characteristics compatible with the genus Pseudoproleptus. This is the first record of Pseudoproleptus infection in Gymnotus carapo and has provided new data on the biodiversity of larvae that parasitize fish in the Marajó region, Pará, Brazilian Amazon.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Anthropogenic land-use and land-cover changes have a direct impact on species that depend on native habitats, mainly in biodiversity hotspots undergoing agricultural expansion. In this study, we used occupancy models accounting for imperfect detection to assess the distribution of four threatened species (Celeus obrieni, Herpsilochmus pectoralis, Malacoptila minor, and Xiphocolaptes falcirostris) in an agriculturally relevant region of the Brazilian Cerrado. We analyzed the effect of nine environmental covariates related to climate, topography, land-use, and fire, using 23 years (2000–2022) of sampling data from citizen science and tested different trends of sampling effort on species detection. Our results indicated that forest cover and elevation were the main predictors of occupancy for H. pectoralis, M. minor, and X. falcirostris, whereas C. obrieni responded primarily to climate-related covariates. Detection followed both logistic and exponential patterns, reflecting differences in species ecology and sampling intensity. Spatial predictions revealed a high-priority area in northern Maranhão with overlapping high occupancy probabilities for all four species. We conclude that forest cover, elevation, and climate influence the occupancy of threatened birds in MATOPIBA, highlighting priority areas for conservation in the face of ongoing agricultural expansion and supporting more effective conservation strategies.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Mark-recapture studies using marking techniques are crucial for understanding the ecology and behavior of snakes. This review aims to identify and compare the most common marking methods employed in snake ecology research, from traditional techniques to modern, innovative approaches. These methods facilitate global research on snake individualization, tracking, and recapture. We evaluated 1.533 papers encompassing over 482 species, the reviewed studies span 78 countries, reflecting a wide geographical distribution of snake marking research. The United States, Canada, Australia, and Brazil have contributed the most studies. Among the most widely used methods, radio telemetry remains essential for despite tracking its invasiveness and associated risks for snake’s welfare. More recent innovations, such as fluorescent powder and elastomer marking, offer cost-effective, non-invasive alternatives, applicable across diverse species and habitats. Microchipping, a well-established method, continues to be a reliable option for long-term monitoring, with successful recaptures documented after over 30 years. Natural marks, recognized through photographs and drawings. This paper the importance of continually refining snake marking techniques to balance research efficacy with animal welfare. Future advancements should focus on improving durability, facilitating recapture, and minimizing disruptions to snake ecology, health, and behavior, ultimately supporting more effective autecological and population studies.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract To overcome the prohibitive annotation cost of monitoring diseases in intensive aquaculture, we propose SSFDD, a semi-supervised one-stage detector for fish disease. Using only 10% labeled data, it achieves 81% AP50 and 32% AP50:95 at 3.2 ms inference speed. This is enabled by three key components: (1) A dense anchor sampling strategy, combining RetinaNet’s architecture with YOLOv5’s anchor design, which improves detection of small lesions; (2) A confidence-guided pseudo-label filter that reduces teacher-student bias through dual thresholds; (3) An epoch adaptation mechanism that automatically adjusts training length based on label scarcity, stabilizing convergence without manual tuning. Experiments show SSFDD achieves competitive performance versus YOLOv5/v8/v11 baselines, which require fully labeled data. This approach enhances robustness while reducing annotation costs, offering a practical solution for real-world fish disease detection.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Plants face several biotic and abiotic stresses, such as pathogen infections, tending to develop proteins related to the pathogenesis. This study investigates the response capacity for biochemical defense of passion fruit resistant and susceptible to fungi Fusarium solani and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. passiflorae, quantifying the activity of enzymes peroxidase and β-1,3-glucanase. Two experiments were conducted, one with F.solani and another with F. oxysporum f. sp. passiflorae. Enzymatic activities of peroxidase and β-1,3-glucanase were determined. In general, the accumulation of β-1,3-glucanase activity increased in resistant Passiflora spp. fruit plants inoculated with F. oxysporum f. sp. Passiflorae, indicating a defense mechanism against this pathosystem. The same result was observed for the enzyme peroxidase in the assay with Fusarium solani. However, as ROS accumulated, it was not possible to determine the relationship between the defense mechanism of plants and peroxidase in the assay with F. oxysporum f. sp. passiflorae.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Cassava is present in several countries, including Brazil. It is an important crop for family farming and contributes to the supply of food and income for families. The objective of this study was to evaluate sweet cassava varieties grown in the state of Mato Grosso that have higher yield, resistance to deterioration and the quality of their cooked roots. The study was conducted in the municipality of Claudia, Mato Grosso, using 16 varieties of sweet cassava. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences for most trait, with the exception of the average root length and the average root diameter. The results indicate that five varieties exhibited superior performance in terms of mass of fresh aerial part, tuberous root production, fresh commercial root mass and harvest index. As for deterioration, Amarela (04NM) stood out for having no deteriorated roots after four days of storage, in addition to a shorter cooking time (10 min) and its standard cooked mass was classified as “smooth, slightly plastic and sticky”. Farmers are advised to gradually introduce varieties that have performed well in their cropping systems. The introduction of new varieties will promote crop diversification and contribute to the conservation of these varieties.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract The coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari), is a major pest that remains inside the coffee fruit, hindering insecticide contact. Dislodging agents may expose the insect, enhancing control effectiveness. This study aimed to evaluate products with potential dislodging effects, their association with chemical insecticides and Beauveria bassiana, and the compatibility of dislodging agents with entomopathogenic fungi. Five treatments were tested for dislodging effects, including four products and a water control. For association tests, four treatments were used: two chemical insecticides and B. bassiana combined with the dislodging agent, plus a control. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and the Scott-Knott test (5%). Compatibility was assessed using an allicin-based adjuvant with B. bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae, evaluating conidial germination, vegetative growth, and sporulation. Products containing: (1) amino acids + organic acids + micronutrients, (2) allicin, and (3) sulfur + potassium showed dislodging effects within 15 minutes. Allicin had the highest effect after 36 hours. The insecticide acetamiprid + bifenthrin combined with the dislodging agent caused the highest mortality. The B. bassiana combination increased insect emergence from fruits. However, the products moderately affected fungal growth and viability.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract The tribe Bambuseae (Poaceae), comprising tropical woody bamboos, displays remarkable diversity in Brazil, particularly within the state of Santa Catarina. Despite their ecological, economic, and cultural relevance, scientific research on native species within this group remains limited. This study aims to analyse the scientific literature addressing native Bambuseae species recorded in Santa Catarina, identifying research trends, knowledge gaps, and priority areas for future inquiry. A bibliometric survey was conducted using SciVerse Scopus, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, SciELO, and PubMed, employing scientific names and synonyms of the target species as search terms. All articles referencing native bamboos from Santa Catarina as primary descriptors and published up to October 2023 were considered. The review encompassed 110 articles published across 78 journals. The number of publications increased markedly from the 2000s onwards, with a predominance of ecological research. Nonetheless, gaps remain, particularly concerning undomesticated taxa and topics such as ethnobotany and applied uses. Current research trends continue to favour ecological investigations, with growing interest in biochemical and nutritional studies. Ultimately, taxonomic, genetic, and propagation-related research is highlighted as essential for overcoming domestication challenges and advancing scientific progress in conservation and sustainable use. Such efforts may contribute meaningfully to biodiversity preservation and socio-economic development.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Plant phenology provides key insights into resource availability and the dynamics of pollinators and seed dispersers during forest restoration. We investigated phenological patterns in naturally regenerating areas following bauxite mining, compared with altered primary forests in a degraded landscape of the eastern Amazon. From August 2022 to July 2023, we monitored flowering (flower buds and flowers at anthesis) and fruiting (immature and mature fruits) phenophases, calculated activity and intensity indices, applied circular statistics, and categorized species by trophic resource type (nectar, pollen, fleshy fruits). Phenophases occurred year-round, with more species and individuals active in regenerating areas than in primary forests. Similar flowering and fruiting periods across habitats suggest climatic control, while higher phenophase intensity in regenerating areas likely reflects reproductive strategies and environmental conditions. These findings underscore the complementary role of regenerating and primary forests in sustaining resource supply, which is critical for maintaining fauna and trophic interaction networks during habitat recovery.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract To promote sustainable farming practices, including agroforestry systems (AGF), Brazil launched the Low Carbon Agriculture Program (ABC Program). AGF integrates agricultural, livestock, and forestry activities in the same area, aiming, for instance, to increase CO2 sequestration and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This study aimed to verify whether the ABC Program contributed to the expansion of AGF areas in Brazil. Data on the number and total area of farms with AGF from the 2006 and 2017 Agricultural Censuses, data on the values and number of contracts allocated to the ABC Program, and those specific to the integrated systems credit line from the Rural Credit Data Matrix of the Central Bank of Brazil were analyzed. The findings revealed an expansion of AGF areas, particularly in Northeast Brazil, and dispersion to other regions, notably Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul states. Econometric estimates confirmed that this expansion was heterogeneous across regions but not significantly associated with ABC Program credit. Most microregions did not access these resources, with those that did primarily in the Midwest and South. Consequently, the AGF expansion in Northeast Brazil was not driven by the ABC Program’s rural credit.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Inoculation with plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) represents a promising strategy to enhance the effectiveness of ecological restoration efforts. Native Paraburkholderia nodosa strains and a commercial inoculant with Azospirillum brasilense were applied to Mimosa flocculosa Burkart seedlings under different doses of controlled-release fertilizer (CRF). Inoculated seedlings exhibited greater height at the 0 kg m-³ and 1 kg m-³ doses. Regarding the CRF, higher values for chlorophyll b were observed at the 2 kg m-³ dose. The use of PGPB to promote M. flocculosa growth under reduced fertilizer application supports the production of high-quality seedlings for ecological restoration, while minimizing environmental impacts.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract In this study, the effect of spatial configurations on the cooling load in the summer parts of traditional houses in Diyarbakır was investigated. The main objective is to analyse the impact of different spatial configurations on energy consumption, to draw lessons from traditional architecture and to create a guide for modern sustainable building design. This study a systematic methodology was employed, utilising a literature review, case study, space syntax theory and DesignBuilder energy analysis. The cooling load of a total of 53 different scenarios, organised according to spatial configuration parameters, has been analysed. As a result of qualitative and quantitative data, the relationship between semi-open and enclosed spaces directly affects the cooling load. An increase in the spatial depth level can reduce the cooling load to around 50%. In traditional architecture, the proper interaction of the iwan with other spaces has been shown to reduce the cooling load by up to 23%. However, it should be noted that internal heat transfer has the potential to increase the cooling load by up to 10%. These results indicate that spatial configurations influence indoor cooling load. The limited research on their impact on indoor thermal comfort underscores the significance of this study.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract The stability of stopes in underground mining is a critical factor for both operational safety and the economic viability of mining projects. Empirical methods, such as Potvin’s Stability Graph (1988), are widely used to predict stability conditions; however, their applicability may be limited in distinct geomechanical scenarios. In this context, this study proposes a quantitative approach based on multivariate regression for predicting dilution throughout the development of different stopes in underground mining. To achieve this, various regression techniques were tested, including linear, polynomial, exponential, and logarithmic models, aiming to predict unplanned dilution based on 18 independent variables related to operational, geotechnical, and structural parameters. The results indicated that second-degree polynomial regression exhibited the best performance, achieving a coefficient of determination (R2) of 82.6% and an absolute mean error below 4%. Statistical analysis revealed that variables such as vertical stress, stope depth, and specific drilling index significantly influence dilution prediction, highlighting the need for an integrated approach between geomechanical and operational factors. Thus, the findings of this study underscore the importance of developing methodologies tailored to local geomechanical conditions, contributing to the optimization of underground mining planning, the reduction of operational losses, and the improvement of extraction efficiency.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract The movement for open and reproducible science has promoted several changes in the scientific ecosystem. The Brazilian Reproducibility Network (BrRN), created in 2023, seeks to consolidate these efforts at a national level, promoting a collaborative environment for activism, development of educational resources and metascience. The BrRN encompasses institutions, scientific societies and journals, groups and individuals who are engaged in promoting common values in various areas of knowledge and regions of the country. In this article we present the background to the formation of the BrRN and its activities in its first two years of existence. We hope that the project will contribute to more reliable, responsible and rigorous science in Brazil through collaborative, transparent and reproducible practices.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract This article presents a comprehensive, publicly available database of Indigenous archaeology in the State of São Paulo in the form of an interactive map, comprising a period of time from the Late Pleistocene until the European arrival, based on lithic and ceramic materials, including sites both from the coastal area and in the interior of the state. This initiative enables us, for the first time, to understand the archaeological wealth and potential of the state which has the country’s largest number of infrastructure projects, placing it at the highest risk for cultural heritage destruction. From this perspective, we discuss the importance of publicly available databases, show some patterns observed based on the current state of knowledge, propose research topics for future exploration, and identify key gaps that require adequate attention.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract There is a consensus that the field of Environmental Sciences is inherently interdisciplinary, as socio-environmental issues have intensified and become increasingly complex, presenting challenging perspectives for the 21st century that can only be addressed by integrating multiple domains of knowledge. However, what are the conceptions and characteristics of interdisciplinarity in graduate programs within the Environmental Sciences evaluation area in Brazil? This study aimed to identify the epistemic trajectories of interdisciplinarity in graduate education within this field in the Brazilian context. To this end, interviews were conducted throughout 2024 and in early 2025 with 33 coordinators of graduate programs from different regions of Brazil. The results reveal distinct modes of interdisciplinary praxis, corresponding to varying levels of conceptual depth and application: Uncritical, Pragmatic-Problem-Solving, Systemic-Critical, and Libertarian-Emancipatory. These findings underscore that the evaluated graduate programs exhibit a diversity of interdisciplinary approaches and strategies, reflecting specific regional needs, institutional contexts, and epistemic trajectories. While interdisciplinarity was a common characteristic, its implementation and conceptual understanding varied significantly across programs.