A survey of the species of Ichnanthus P. Beauv. (Poaceae) at the Chapada Diamantina, Northern section of the Espinhaço Range in the central region of the State of Bahia, Brazil, is presented. The work was based on the study of herbarium specimens, intensive field collections and observation of populations. Nine species were confirmed, which occur especially in the forest edges (I. leiocarpus, I. nemoralis and I. pallens), some of them extending to "cerrado" and "campo rupestre" vegetation (I. bambusiflorus, I. calvescens, I. dasycoleus, I. inconstans and I. procurrens) and only one being restricted to "caatinga" drylands (I. zehntneri). This work includes a key for species identification, descriptions, illustrations as well as taxonomic and ecological observations.
Gramineae; grasses; Ichnanthus; floristics; Brazil
