Taxonomic and phylogenetic study of the genus <i>Diploschistes</i> (Ostropales, Thelotremataceae) reveals one new species from Pakistan

Fayyaz, Iram; Iqbal, Muhammad Shahid; Afshan, Najam-ul-Sehar; Niazi, Abdul Rehman; Khalid, Abdul Nasir

doi:10.1590/1677-941X-ABB-2022-0125

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Original article • Acta Bot. Bras. 37 • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1677-941X-ABB-2022-0125 copy

Taxonomic and phylogenetic study of the genus Diploschistes (Ostropales, Thelotremataceae) reveals one new species from Pakistan

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Diploschistes pakistanicus sp. nov. is described from the Himalayan moist temperate forest, Pakistan. ITS sequences confirm its position within the genus Diploschistes and, together with its morphology and chemistry, suggest that it is separate from other species of this genus. The taxon is characterized by grey to greyish white pruinose thallus, perithecioid-type ascomata, small apothecia 0.1‒0.4 mm wide, hypothecium 20‒25µm thick, ascus of 85‒110 × 9‒17 µm in size, 3‒5 transverse and 2‒4 longitudinal septa in large ascospores 42‒55 × 18‒30; also differing from related species in ITS region.

Keywords:
Darel; Garhi Dupatta; lichenized fungi; western South Asia

Specimen name	Country	Voucher specimen	Voucher specimen
Diploschistes actinostoma	Portugal	Sipman 63020	MN586953
Diploschistes actinostoma	Portugal	Sipman 62997	MN586952
Diploschistes actinostoma	Portugal	Sipman 62843	MN586951
Diploschistes actinostoma	Spain	BCC-Lich 13394	AF229194
Diploschistes caesioplumbeus	Spain	Llimona & Fernandez-Brime (BCN-Lich 17182)	KC166975
Diploschistes caesioplumbeus	Spain	Llimona & Fernandez-Brime 101 (BCN-Lich 19323)	KC166974
Diploschistes caesioplumbeus	Spain	Llimona (BCN-Lich 19325)	KC166973
Diploschistes candidissimus	China	10-0161	MN103134
Diploschistes candidissimus	USA	Worthington 23741 (DUKE 144447)	KC166976
Diploschistes candidissimus	Spain	Llimona & Fernandez-Brime (BCN-Lich 19340)	KC166977
Diploschistes cinereocaesius	Costa Rica	DUKE 0047509	HQ650715
Diploschistes cinereocaesius	Czech Republic	_	AJ458282
Diploschistes cinereocaesius	Ecuador	Palice 4471 (Hb. Palice)	KJ542542
Diploschistes diacapsis	Spain	BCC-Lich 13393	AF228318
Diploschistes diacapsis	Spain	BCC-Lich 13392	AF228317
Diploschistes diacapsis	USA	Nash III 44742 (DUKE 130126)	KC166979
Diploschistes diacapsis	Spain	Yahr 2431a (DUKE 30912)	KC166978
Diploschistes diploschistoides	Australia	Lumbsch & Guderley 11115n (DUKE 18863)	KC166985
Diploschistes diploschistoides	Australia	Elix 27941 (DUKE 144445)	KC166984
Diploschistes euganeus	Australia	Lumbsch 5524b (DUKE 144451)	KC166986
Diploschistes euganeus	Switzerland	Lumbsch 20605g	KF688485
Diploschistes gypsaceus	Spain	Llimona & Fernandez-Brime (BCN-Lich 17180)	KC166987
Diploschistes gypsaceus	Spain	Llimona & Fernandez-Brime (BCN-Lich 19340)	KC166991
Diploschistes gypsaceus	Spain	Llimona (BCN-Lich 19324)	KC166988
Diploschistes gypsaceus	India	CUPVOUCHER-JK-18L-2018-DG-1	OK577887
Diploschistes neutrophilus	Spain	Llimona & Fernandez-Brime (BCN-Lich 19357)	KC166982
Diploschistes neutrophilus	Spain	Llimona (BCN-Lich 19338)	KC166981
Diploschistes neutrophilus	_	_	KX545504
Diploschistes neutrophilus	_	_	KX545470
Diploschistes neutrophilus	_	_	KX545471
*Diploschistes pakistanicus*	Pakistan	LAH37419	ON891114
*Diploschistes pakistanicus*	Pakistan	LAH37420	ON891115
*Diploschistes pakistanicus*	Pakistan	LAH37421	ON891116
*Diploschistes pakistanicus*	Pakistan	LAH37428	ON891117
Diploschistes rampoddensis	Spain	Llimona, Hladun & Muniz (BCN-Lich 18008)	KJ542543
Diploschistes rampoddensis	Spain	Llimona & Hladun (BCN-Lich 18011)	KC166993
Diploschistes rampoddensis	Spain	Llimona, Hladun & Muniz (BCN-Lich 18009)	KC166992
Diploschistes scruposus	Spain	Llimona & Fernandez-Brime (BCN-Lich 19355)	KC166999
Diploschistes scruposus	Spain	Fernandez-Brime 104 (Hb. Fdez.-Brime)	KJ542544
Diploschistes scruposus	Spain	Llimona & Hladun (BCN-Lich 19319)	KC166995
Diploschistes scruposus	Spain	Llimona (BCN-Lich 19322)	KC167003
Diploschistes thunbergianus	Australia	Lumbsch 10728d	AJ458290
Diploschistes thunbergianus	South Wales	Eldridge 3800	AJ458289
Diploschistes wui	China	Abbas 20093003	MG461530
Diploschistes wui	China	Abbas 20093004	MG461531
Diploschistes wui	China	Abbas 20093021	MG461532

Characters	Diploschistes pakistanicus	Diploschistes candidissimus	Diploschistes actinostoma	Diploschistes austroafricanus	Diploschistes caesioplumbeus	Diploschistes diploschistoides
Thallus color	grey to greyish white thallus	whitish to light grey	grey to white grey	yellowish brown	blue-grey to dark gray	bluish grey to dark grey
Thallus morphology	rimose-areolate, pruinose thallus	finely to coarsely fissured-areolate, pruinose thallus	finely to coarsely fissured, epruinose thallus	rimose-areolate to verruculose, epruinose thallus	fine to large cracked areolate, epruinose thallus	rimose-areolate, epruinose thallus
Apothecia diam. (mm)	0.1‒0.4 mm	1.5 mm	3 mm	2.5 mm	1.6 mm	0.5 mm
Hypothecium	20‒25 µm	10‒15 µm	10‒15 µm	10‒15 µm	10‒15 µm	15‒20 µm
Ascus size	85‒110 × 9‒ 17 µm	90‒125 × 12‒ 22 µm	110‒150 × 15‒40 µm	90‒140 × 20‒40 µm	120‒160 × 15‒35 µm	100‒160 × 15‒45 µm
Ascospore septa	3‒5 transverse and 2‒4 longitudinal septa	4‒7 transverse and 1‒4 longitudinal septa	4‒6 transverse and 1‒3 longitudinal septa	6‒7 transverse and 2‒3 longitudinal septa	4‒9 transverse and 2‒5 longitudinal septa	4‒7 transverse and 1‒4 longitudinal septa
Ascospore size	42‒55 × 18‒30 µm	24‒34 x 14‒20 µm	16‒32 × 10‒20 µm	30‒40 × 19‒22 µm	28‒45 x 12‒25 µm	30‒52 × 15‒26 µm
References	This Paper	Lumbsch (1989Lumbsch HT. 1989. Die holarktischen Vertreter der Flechtengattung Diploschistes (Thelotremataceae). Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory 66: 133-196.); *Razzaq et al.* (2022**Razzaq F, Habib K, Aslam S, Khalid AN. 2022. Additions to the List of Graphidaceae (Lichenized Ascomycetes) in Pakistan. Biology Bulletin 49: 14-20.)	Lumbsch (1989Lumbsch HT. 1989. Die holarktischen Vertreter der Flechtengattung Diploschistes (Thelotremataceae). Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory 66: 133-196.)	Guderley & Lumbsch (1996Guderley R, Lumbsch HT. 1996. The lichen genus Diploschistes in South Africa (Thelotremataceae). Mycotaxon (USA) 58: 268-292.)	Lumbsch (1989Lumbsch HT. 1989. Die holarktischen Vertreter der Flechtengattung Diploschistes (Thelotremataceae). Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory 66: 133-196.)	Guderley & Lumbsch (1996Guderley R, Lumbsch HT. 1996. The lichen genus Diploschistes in South Africa (Thelotremataceae). Mycotaxon (USA) 58: 268-292.)

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[1] * Corresponding author: iramfiaz04@gmail.com