The genus Thelypteris ( Thelypteridaceae , Polypodiopsida ) in the state of Mato Grosso , Brazil – II – Subgenera Amauropelta ( Kunze ) A . R . Sm . , Cyclosorus ( Link )

The family Thelypteridaceae presents considerable species richness throughout the hillside forests and coastal plains of Brazil, as well as in the forests of its southern plateau. This study was based on material collected in 24 trips to various regions within the state of Mato Grosso, as well as material deposited in the principal Brazilian herbaria and in other herbaria. The genus Thelypteris, represented in this study by the subgenera Amauropelta (Kunze) A.R. Sm., Cyclosorus (Link) Morton and Steiropteris (C. Chr.) K. Iwats., comprises 11 species in Mato Grosso and surrounding regions. Keys for identification, descriptions and references to illustrations of diagnostic characters are presented.


Introduction
Thelypteridaceae is one of the fern families that has a subcosmopolitan distribution and great species richness, with approximately 1000 species, of which most occur in tropical and subtropical regions (Ponce 1995, Smith & Cranfill 2002).In Brazil, according to Salino & Almeida (2012), the family has 87 species of which 47 are endemic.In the state of Mato Grosso a total of 24 species in five subgenera of Thelypteris and Macrothelypteris were documented.
The current work presents the second part of the treatment of Thelypteridaceae species occurring in the state of Mato Grosso, including the species of the genus Thelypteris subgenera Amauropelta (Kunze) A.R. Sm., Cyclosorus (Link) Morton and Steiropteris (C.Chr.) K. Iwats.The species of Thelypteris subgenera Goniopteris and Meniscium were presented by Ponce et al. (2010).

Material and methods
The methodology used is the same described by Ponce et al. (2010) in "The genus Thelypteris (Thelypteridaceae, Polypodiopsida) from the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil -I", where there is a description of the family and genus, as well as a key to the subgenera.The delimitation of species and comments on geographical distribution is based on studies by Ponce (1987Ponce ( , 1995Ponce ( , 2007) ) and Salino & Almeida (2012).For the species with many collections, representative samples were chosen and referred to as "Selected Material" (one specimen per municipality), species with few collections are presented as "Material Examined".

Results and discussion
A. Thelypteris subg.Amauropelta (Kunze) A.R. Sm.Amer.Fern J. 63:121. 1973 This subgenus is characterized by elliptic lamina with several pairs of basally sub-abrupt and gradually reduced pinnae; free venation, basal veins reaching the margin above the sinus between adjacent segments; reticulate spores; chromosome number x=29.
Amauropelta is the subgenus with the greatest diversity within Thelypteris, comprising approximately 200 species, mostly in tropical and subtropical America, where as few are found in Africa, Madagascar and the Mascarene Islands (Smith, 1983(Smith, , 1992)).In the Americas, the Andes region holds the greatest diversity.The species of this subgenus generally grow in montane forests, however in the region of Mato Grosso few species of this subgenus are found: two are neotropical taxa of wide distribution, usually occurring in low-lying areas and wetlands (moist forest enclaves).(Kunze) Proctor, Bull. Inst. Jamaica Sci. Ser., 5: 58. 1953.Aspidium cheilanthoides Kunze, Linnaea 22: 578, 1849.
Thelypteris gymnosora is a species close to T. ptarmica (Kunze ex Mett.)C.F. Reed, but the latter has glabrous laminae or with sparse setiform hairs and subcircular or shortly elliptical sori with spatulate indusia.Another very similar species is T. aspidioides (Willd.)R.M. Tryon, which can be distinguished from T. gymnosora and T. ptarmica due to its linear, subentire to pinnatifid pinnae with an acroscopically auriculate base and chartaceous to subcoriaceous laminae.
Comments: Thelypteris mosenii occurs from the eastern part of Paraguay and in Brazil (Mato Grosso, Distrito Federal, Goiás, Pernambuco, Minas Gerais and São Paulo).
Thelypteris opposita is similar to Thelypteris pachyrhachis (Kunze ex Mett.)Ching var.pachyrhachis (not found in the state of Mato Grosso), which is distinguished by the presence of small scales on the abaxial midvein and well developed aerophores.The subgenus Cyclosorus features plants with triangular or ovate laminae in outline, with or without only 2-3 pairs of slightly reduced basal pinnae, generally reflexed; the basal veins of adjacent segments free confluent or united, reaching the margin of the sinus between adjacent segments or ending next to it; the spores echinate to cristate and the chromosome number x=36.
Comments: Thelypteris interrupta is pantropical (Africa, Asia, Oceania), on the American continent it occurs from Florida (United States), Mexico and the Caribbean to Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina, Uruguay and Brazil (Amapá, Amazonas, Maranhão, Ceará, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Bahia, Alagoas, Mato Grosso, Goiás, Distrito Federal, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Parana, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul).B, Biol. 31: 31. 1964 The subgenus Steiropteris is characterized by having slightly reduced or normal proximal pinnae, usually with a central keel between the adjacent segments and the basal pair of veins free and reaching the margin above the sinus between adjacent segments; conspicuous aerophores and cristate or winged spores.
Comments: occurs from Central America to Bolivia, Paraguay and Brazil.This species presents three varieties that differ by the types of trichomes on the rachis, costa and indusia (Smith, 1980); only two of the three varieties occur in Mato Grosso.Axes with unicellular, acicular and setiform trichomes of different lengths (ca.0.2 mm long); sori medial or subcostal; indusia acicular-pilose.