<i>Hypnea musciformis</i> (Wulfen) J. V. Lamour. (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta) responses to gasoline short-term exposure: biochemical and cellular alterations

Ramlov, Fernanda; Carvalho, Tiago Jose Griebeler; Costa, Giulia Burle; Rodrigues, Eva Regina de Oliveira; Bauer, Claudia Marlene; Schmidt, Eder Carlos; Kreusch, Marianne Gabi; Moresco, Rodolfo; Navarro, Bruno Bachiega; Cabral, Debora Queiroz; Bouzon, Zenilda Laurita; Horta, Paulo Antunes; Maraschin, Marcelo

doi:10.1590/0102-33062018abb0379

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Article • Acta Bot. Bras. 33 (1) • Jan-Mar 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-33062018abb0379 copy

Hypnea musciformis (Wulfen) J. V. Lamour. (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta) responses to gasoline short-term exposure: biochemical and cellular alterations

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ABSTRACT

Presence of toxic compounds in marine coastal waters has increased exponentially since Industrial Revolution. In this way, we aimed to evaluate biochemical and physiological changes occurring within Hypnea musciformis after short-term exposure to gasoline. Hypnea musciformis was cultivated without gasoline and then exposed to various concentrations of it (0.001 % - 1.0 %, v/v) for periods of 30 min, 1 h, 12 h and 24 h. A Pricncipal Compound Analysis of UV-vis spectral window (200-700 nm) was able to discriminate gasoline-exposed samples according to both exposure time and gasoline concentration. Changes in carotenoid profile composition were observed. Decreased carotenoid content was associated to gasoline exposure time, being lutein and trans-β-carotene the major compounds found. Higher gasoline concentrations negatively interfered with phenolic compounds accumulation. In addition, increased gasoline concentrations corresponded to decreased intracellular starch grains content as well as increased its deposition on cell wall external surface. Data obtained allow us to conclude that gasoline can damage Hypnea musciformis physiology and cell morphology. This is important, considering Hypnea musciformis carotenoids and phenolics are potential biomarkers of environmental stress investigated, as well as its increased cell wall thickness to avoid gasoline diffusion.

Keywords:
biochemical stress; cellular organization; gasoline pollution; Hypnea musciformis; physiology

Variable	Carotenoids*			Phenolic compunds
Variable	df	F	p-Value	df	F	p-Value
Concentration (C)	4	93.82	0.00	4	19.704	0.00
Time (T)	3	896.31	0.00	3	10.731	0.00
C x T	12	1603.40	0.00	12	2.52	0.02

Treatments		Carotenoids*	Lutein	Zeaxanthin	Rt 7.4	Trans-β-carotene	Cis-β-carotene	α-carotene	Phenolic compound
Time	Gasoline concentration	Carotenoids*	Lutein	Zeaxanthin	Rt 7.4	Trans-β-carotene	Cis-β-carotene	α-carotene	Phenolic compound
	Control	5.18±0.57^fg	1.54±0.30	0.53±0.02	0.17±0.02	1.65±0.13	0.33±0.03	0.96±0.08	5.85±0.70^abc
	0.001 %	9.02±0.36^ef	2.58±0.16	0.40±0.03	0.33±0.01	2.98±0.10	0.59±0.04	2.13±0.08	6.76±1.78^a
30’	0.01 %	12.20±0.17^d	4.34±0.22	0.84±0.07	0.36±0.00	3.33±0.04	0.67±0.02	2.66±0.03	5.99±0.73^ab
	0.1 %	8.17±0.56^ef	2.48±014	0.34±0.09	0.27±0.02	2.63±0.23	0.52±0.04	1.93±0.17	4.34±0.66^bc
	1 %	16.15±0.63^ab	6.77±0.22	1.74±0.02	0.48±0.11	3.66±0.27	0.68±0.05	2.82±0.23	4.55±1.06^abc
	0.001 %	17.82±0.62^a	6.00±0.27	1.43±0.16	0.72±0.17	5.01±0.32	0.98±0.06	3.67±0.24	5.51±0.69^abc
1h	0.01 %	9.91±0.69^e	2.62±0.07	0.74±0.15	0.32±0.03	3.05±0.23	0.59±0.02	2.42±0.16	5.74±0.98^abc
	0.1 %	14.76±0.49^b	5.19±0.21	1.09±0.15	0.52±0.15	3.87±0.16	0.76±0.05	3.35±0.07	4.53±0.50^bc
	1 %	17.25±1.10^a	5.47±0.03	1.72±0.22	0.58±0.15	5.07±0.32	0.96±0.09	3.30±0.22	3.97±0.28^c
	0.001 %	6.90±0.057^f	2.41±0.17	0.72±0.16	0.25±0.01	1.76±0.15	0.15±0.32	1.43±0.12	5.76±0.67^c
12h	0.01 %	10.54±1.04^de	2.28±0.25	0.51±0.05	0.39±0.07	3.67±0.43	0.32±0.03	2.91±0.33	4.53±0.35^bc
	0.1 %	10.55±0.84^de	2.30±0.29	0.73±0.13	0.27±0.01	4.10±0.31	0.78±0.06	2.17±0.16	3.37±0.35^bc
	1 %	0.83±0.12^h	0.52±0.03	0.08±0.03	-	0.18±0.03	0.97±0.08	0.06±0.01	1.95±0.18^d
	0.001 %	3.56±0.34^g	1.25±0.20	0.42±0.02	0.12±0.01	1.03±0.12	-	0.56±0.07	5.34±0.18^abc
24h	0.01 %	1.76±0.07^h	0.58±0.08	0.06±0.03	-	0.56±0.03	0.19±0.03	0.58±0.02	6.09±0.49^ab
	0.1 %	0.99±0.47^h	0.60±0.24	0.11±0.01	-	0.20±0.00	-	0.13±0.11	4.00±0.21^c
	1 %	0.43±0.03^h	0.21±0.01	0.21±0.01	-	-	-	-	1.82±0.44^d

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[1] * Corresponding author: feramlov@gmail.com