Floral morphology and biology of Ruellia menthoides (Nees) Hiern and R. brevifolia (Pohl) C. Ezcurra were analyzed in Reserva Florestal Mata do Paraíso, a remainder of the Atlantic forest, in Viçosa, Zona da Mata, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. R. menthoides and R. brevifolia are cleistogamous, e.g., they show floral dimorphism, with normal chasmogamous (CA) and cleistogamous (CL) flowers. Intermediate forms between these two floral types (miniature chasmogamous and semicleistogamous flowers) are also observed. R. menthoides cleistogamy is a novel discovery, which augments the number of species of this genus with that reproductive system. In these species, alogamy is favored by CA hercogamic flower production, verified mainly in R. menthoides, and by partial dichogamy. In both species, flowers production occurs throughout the year. There was a small production period overlap of both types of flowers in R. menthoides and a large overlap in R. brevifolia. The initial production of CL flowers in R. menthoides coincided with the transition period from the wet to the dry season and in R. brevifolia, such type of flowers was produced mainly in the dry season. The taxonomic complexity of Ruellia may be related to the scarcity of information on the reproductive biology of its species, and by the floral polymorphism of the cleistogamous species.
cleistogamy; Atlantic forest; floral morphology; floral polymorphism; Ruellia
