As part of a survey of the Myxomycetes biota of the Serra de Itabaiana National Park (Sergipe State, Northeast Brazil; 10º40'52''S and 37º25'15''W; 180-670 m.s.m. 7,966 ha), we evaluated the richness, abundance, and constancy of the Stemonitales found in different microhabitats and height levels. Sporocarps were collected through 20 consecutive months, from April/2002 to December/2003; substrate samples were also collected for moist-chambers cultures. Collections of the material studied were deposited in the UFP herbarium. Fourteen species of Stemonitidaceae were identified, belonging to genera Collaria, Comatricha, Lamproderma, Stemonitis, and Stemonitopsis. The species were organized alphabetically in a commented list where their geographic distribution for Brazil is presented. Stemonitales were present in all of the microhabitats analyzed, and the lignicolous and foliicolous species were predominant. Stemonitis flavogenita was the only areicolous species, and it also behaved as a succulenticolous. During the cultivation in the moist-chambers one fimicolous species was recorded (Comatricha mirabilis), as well as succulenticolous species (Collaria arcyrionema, Comatricha laxa, and Stemonitis fusca). The most abundant species were S. fusca (constant) and Stemonitis axifera, Stemonitis smithii, and Stemonitis splendens (accessory), which were found in the different altitude levels. Except for C. mirabilis, all of the genera and species are first records for the State of Sergipe.
diversidad; microhabitats; Myxomycetes; Neotropics
