Pollen morphology of some species of Spermacoceae <i>s.s.</i> (Rubiaceae) of the Atlantic Forest, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Gonçalves-Esteves, Vania; Vieira, Gabrielle Reboredo Menezes; Carvalho, Renata Jacomo Paixão de; Crespo, Sonia Regina de Melo; Mendonça, Claudia Barbieri Ferreira

doi:10.1590/0102-33062019abb0286

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Article • Acta Bot. Bras. 34 (2) • Apr-Jun 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-33062019abb0286 copy

Pollen morphology of some species of Spermacoceae s.s. (Rubiaceae) of the Atlantic Forest, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

This work aimed to morphologically characterize 22 species of Spermacoceae s.s found in the Atlantic Forest in the state of Rio de Janeiro with the purpose of improving palynological knowledge of the studied species. The studied species included six species of Borreria and Denscantia cymosa, Emmeorhiza umbellata, Hexasepalum apiculatum, H. radula, H. teres, Manettia fimbriata, Mitracarpus eichleri, M. frigidus, M. hirtus, M. lhotzkyanus, M. megapotamicus, Oldenlandia salzmannii, Pentodon pentandrus, Richardia brasiliensis, Richardia scabra and Spermacoce rubescens. Acetolysed pollen grains were analyzed using light (LM) and scanning electron miscroscopy (SEM). The pollen grains varied in size (polar diameter) from medium to large, with the exception of Hexasepalum teres which was very large. Pollen grains were oblate spheroidal in most species, suboblate in six species, prolate spheroidal in Spermacoce rubescens and subprolate in Manettia fimbriata. All pollen grains were colporate, while number of apertures varied (three-19). The endoaperture was lolongate in most species and lalongate in four species. Sexine ornamentation varied among reticulate, reticulate-granulate, microreticulate, granulate with perforation, echinate-perforate and vermiculate. Pollen attributes were found to distinguish the studied species, but do not separate genera, confirming that Spermacoceae is euripolynic.

Keywords:
Gentianales; multivariate analysis; palynology; Rubioideae; systematics

Species	Size	Shape	Aperture Nº	Sexine ornamentation
Borreria brachystemonoides	medium	oblate spheroidal	5-6	reticulate-granulate
B. capitata	medium	oblate spheroidal	5-6	granulate-perforate
B. latifolia	medium	oblate spheroidal	11-12	reticulate-granulate
B. palustris	medium	suboblate	9-11	reticulate-granulate
B. scabioisoides	medium	oblate spheroidal	8-9-10	granulate-perforate
B. verticillata	small	oblate spheroidal	6-7-8	granulate-perforate
Denscantia cymosa	medium	prolate spheroidal	6-7	reticulate
Emmeorhiza umbellata	medium	oblate spheroidal	8-9	microreticulate
Hexasepalum apiculatum	large	suboblate	13-19	echinate-perforate
H. radula	large	suboblate	9-10-11-12	echinate-perforate
H. teres	very large	oblate spheroidal	13-19	echinate-perforate
Manettia fimbriata	large	subprolate	3	reticulate
Mitracarpus eichleri	medium	oblate spheroidal	7-8	reticulate-granulate
M. frigidus	medium	oblate spheroidal	7-8-9	reticulate-granulate
M. hirtus	medium	oblate spheroidal	7-8	reticulate-granulate
M. lhotzkianus	medium	oblate spheroidal	6-7-8	reticulate-granulate
M. megapotamicus	medium	oblate spheroidal	7-8	reticulate-granulate
Oldenlandia salzmannii	medium	oblate spheroidal	7-8	reticulate-granulate
Pentodon pentandrus	medium	suboblate	3	reticulate-granulate
Richardia brasiliensis	large	suboblate	18-19	vermiculate
R. scabra	large	suboblate	14-15-16	echinate-perforate
Spermacoce rubescens	medium	prolate spheroidal	8-9	granulate-perforate

Species	Polar diameter (PD)			Equatorial diameter (ED)			(PD/ED)
Species	Range	x̄+s_x̄	CI 95 %	Range	x̄+s_x̄	CI 95 %	(PD/ED)
Borreria brachystemonoides	22.5-25.5	24.1±0.2	23.7-24.5	22.5-27.5	25.7±0.1	25.5-25.9	0.94
B. capitata	22.5-27.5	26.3±0.2	25.7-26.9	20.0-30.0	27.6±0.4	26.7-28.4	0.95
B. latifolia	42.5-46.2	43.6+0.3	43.0-44.2	47.5-52.0	48.7±0.2	48.3-49.1	0.90
B. palustris	39.5-42.2	40.8+0.2	40.4-41.2	46.2-48.2	47.2+0,1	47.0-47.4	0.86
B. scabioisoides	22.5-31.5	29.4±2.3	24.6-34.2	27.0-36.0	30.1±3.9	22.7-38.2	0.97
B. verticillata	22.5-25.0	23.9+0.2	23.5-27.5	23.8-27.5	25.9+0.2	25.5-26.3	0.92
Denscantia cymosa	45.5-50.0	46.9+0.4	46.0-47.8	42.5-47.5	44.3+0.4	43.5-45.1	1.05
Emmeorhiza umbellata	28.8-31.5	30.1+0.2	29.7-30.5	32.5-35.0	33.6+0.2	33.2-34.0	0.90
Hexasepalum apiculatum	82.5-95.0	91.0±0.9	89.2-92.8	82.5-90.0	83.6±0.4	82.8-84.4	0.78
H. radula	55.0-62.5	57.8±0.5	56.8-58.8	67.5-75.0	70.7±0.5	69.7-71.6	0.81
H. teres	100.0-105.0	103.2*	-	112.5-117.5	114.9*	-	0.90
Manettia fimbriata	45.0-57.5	51.6+0.7	50.2-53.1	37.5-42.5	38.8+0.3	38.2-39.6	1.32
Mitracarpus eichleri	24.3-26.9	25.6+0.1	25.4-25.8	26.2-28.1	27.0+0.1	26.8-27.2	0.95
M. frigidus	25.0-30.0	27.8±1.6	24.5-31.1	27.5-32.5	30.0±1.4	27.2-32.9	0.92
M. hirtus	23.8-27.4	25.5+0.2	25.1-25.9	26.2-28.6	27.8±0.1	27.6-28.0	0.92
M. lhotzkianus	22.5-25.0	23.9+0.2	23.5-24.3	23.8-27.5	26.3+0.2	25.9-26.7	0.91
M. megapotamicus	27.0-28.5	27.6+0.1	27.4-27.8	28.5-30.0	29.4+0.1	29.2-29.6	0.94
Oldenlandia salzmannii	25.0-30.0	27.5+0.3	26.9-28.2	27.5-32.5	29.9+0.2	29.4-30.4	0.93
Pentodon pentandrus	27.5-35.0	29.5±0.35	28.8-30.2	30.0-37.5	33.7±0.41	32.8-34.5	0.87
Richardia brasiliensis	46.2-48.7	47.9+0.2	47.6-48.2	57.5-61.2	59.5+0.1	59.1-59.8	0.80
R. scabra	50.0-70.0	58.5+1.5	55.5-61.5	65.0-85.0	75.3+1.4	72.4-78.3	0.77
Spermacoce rubescens	27.0-36.0	30.1±3.9	22.7-38.2	22.5-31.5	29.4±0.3	24.6-34.2	1.02

Species	Equatorial diameter in polar view (EDPV)		AS		PAI
Species	Range	x̄	Range	x̄	PAI
Borreria brachystemonoides	23.8-26.2	24.9	9.5-12.2	10.3	0.41
B. capitata	27.5-30.0	28.5	20.0-25.0	21.8	0.76
B. latifolia	48.8-52.5	49.9	17.5-22.5	10.2	0.20
B. palustris	42.5-45.0	43.7	9.5-10.8	10.1	0.23
B. scabioisoides	31.5-41.0	36.2	20.2-29.8	25.0	0.69
B. verticillata	27.5-35.0	30.3	15.0-22.5	18.2	0.60
Denscantia cymosa	35.0-42.5	39.5	31.2-40.0	34.4	0.87
Emmeorhiza umbellata	30.0-32.5	31.6	5.8-7.0	6.2	0.20
Hexasepalum apiculatum	87.5-110.0	97.2	60.0-82.5	68.2	0.70
H. radula	58.8-61.2	60.2	11.2-12.8	12.3	0.20
H. teres	110.0-125.5	115.8	12.5-15.0	14.2	0.12
Manettia fimbriata	37.5-40.0	38.8	7.5-17.5	11.3	0.29
Mitracarpus eichleri	27.5-30.0	29.5	17.5-20.0	19.5	0.66
M. frigidus	26.7-31.6	29.1	16.8-21.7	19.2	0.66
M. hirtus	26.2-28.6	27.0	15.5-14.5	13.2	0.49
M. lhotzkianus	32.5-35.0	33.9	12.5-22.5	17.4	0.51
M. megapotamicus	30.0-35.0	33.1	22.5-30.0	25.0	0.76
Oldenlandia salzmannii	25.0-32.5	29.5	17.5-20.0	19.5	0.66
Pentodon pentandrus	27.5-32.5	30.5	17.5-27.5	20.5	0.67
Richardia brasiliensis	47.5-52.5	48.8	37.8-40.2	39.3	0.80
R. scabra	70.0-87.5	78.8	35.0-45.0	40.3	0.51
Spermacoce rubescens	31.5-41.0	36.2	20.2-29.8	25.0	0.69

Species	Ectocolpus		Endoaperture		Exine
Species	length	width	length	width	sexine	nexine
Borreria brachystemonoides	16.0	2.5	3.2	6.0	1.6	0.9
B. capitata	15.0	1.0	4.0	3.5	1.6	0.9
B. latifolia	17.8	4.0	6.2	2.9	2.9	1.0
B. palustris	17.5	1.5	7.0	2.0	3.4	1.5
B. scabioisoides	19.0	2.9	4.5	3.0	2.6	2.0
B. verticillata	10.2	2.6	5.0	2.0	2.1	1.3
Denscantia cymosa	16.0	1.5	3.0	3.5	2.5	1.9
Emmeorhiza umbellata	26.2	4.6	9.1	5.0	1.1	1.0
Hexasepalum apiculatum	27.5	1.6	6.0	3.0	1.6	1.0
H. radula	15.0	0.9	7.0	4.6	2.6	1.8
H. teres	43.8	2.2	3.0	1.5	1.8	1.0
Manettia fimbriata	45.6	4.0	10.4	21.8	1.2	1.5
Mitracarpus eichleri	18.9	1.6	2.5	2.0	2.0	1.1
M. frigidus	18.7	1.5	2.5	1,7	2.0	1.1
M. hirtus	22.0	1.4	2.7	2.0	2.2	1.2
M. lhotzkianus	18.1	1.0	2.0	1.0	1.9	1.6
M. megapotamicus	19.3	1.4	2.5	1.0	2.3	1.9
Oldenlandia salzmannii	18.5	1.2	3.0	1,3	1.6	1.1
Pentodon pentandrus	19.8	2.5	6.0	11.0	1.2	1.0
Richardia brasiliensis	20.0	3.0	3.0	2.7	2.0	1.0
R. scabra	25.3	1.3	3.5	2.5	2.7	2.1
Spermacoce rubescens	19.0	1.3	4.5	3.0	2.6	2.0

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[1] * Corresponding author: esteves.vr@gmail.com