Sucupira-branca (<i>Pterodon</i> - Fabaceae): does wood anatomy support the distinction among species and hybrid?

Sonsin-Oliveira, Júlia; Santiago, Victor Hugo Dias; Fagg, Christopher William; Oliveira, Regina Célia de; Rocha, Dulce Maria Sucena

doi:10.1590/0102-33062021abb0124

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Original article • Acta Bot. Bras. 36 • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-33062021abb0124 copy

Sucupira-branca (Pterodon - Fabaceae): does wood anatomy support the distinction among species and hybrid?

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Pterodon (Fabaceae) species known as “sucupira-branca” are traditionally used in Brazilian medicine. This South American monophyletic genus has species delimitation problems. To separate the recognized Pterodon species we described the wood anatomy of P. abruptus, P. emarginatus, P. pubescens, hybrid (between P. emarginatus and P. pubescens) and P. apparicioi, the latter two for the first time. Wood anatomical studies were undertaken, and qualitative and quantitative features statistically tested. Qualitatively the species are very similar, but in most quantitative features, differences were observed, especially axial parenchyma quantity and type. Pterodon abruptus was easily separated by high density narrow vessels allied to a low area of axial parenchyma but with confluent almost forming bands. Hybrid was more similar to P. emarginatus and had a significantly greater axial parenchyma area than other Pterodon species. PCA analysis separates only P. abruptus. Cluster analysis using qualitative and quantitative data were able to separate P. abruptus and P. apparicioi from the other species. Vessels, ray and axial parenchyma features enable to clarify the distinction in identification key.

Keywords:
Caatinga; Cerrado; hybrid; Pterodon; secondary xylem; sucupira-branca; taxonomy; wood identification

Species	Collection site / Habitat	Geographical coordinates	CN Wood / Herb	Collectors	H (m)	DBH (cm)	Alt (m)
P. apparicioi Pedersoli	Jaboticatubas (MG) / serra do cipó Ce s.s.	19°21’47.70’’S 43°37’12.30’’W	249/2389	Sonsin-Oliveira, J & Fagg, CW	12	39.2	884.9
		19°21’45.28’’S 43°37’11.99’’W	250/2390		8	33.4	880.5
		19°21’43.34’’S 43°37’10.65’’W	251/2391		12	34.7	897.6
		19°21’06.83’’S 43°37’05.79’’W	252/2393		14	30.2	803.3
		19°21’06.06’’S 43°37’06.55’’W	253/2394		15	40.1	791.8
P. abruptus Benth.	Jaíba (MG) Ca	14°56’06.01’’S 43°54’01.59’’W	271/3233	Sonsin-Oliveira, J & Oliveira RC	4.5	14.3	447.6
		14°56’06.94’’S 43°54’01.95’’W	272/3233		6	13.1	523
		14°56’07.26’’S 43°54’01.61’’W	273/3233		4	13.7	422.5
P. pubescens Benth	Fazenda Água Limpa (DF) Ce s.s.	15°56’34.02”S 47°54’35.29”W	164/3075	Sonsin-Oliveira, J & Rocha, DMS	4.5	14.6	1078
		15°56’32”S 47°54’35.22’’W	165/3074		5.5	24.2	1078
		15°56’34.02”S 47°54’35”.29”W	166/3073		6.5	25.1	1078
		15°56’32”S 47°54’35.22”W	167/3072		7	19.4	1078
P. emarginatus Vogel	Planaltina (DF) Ce s.s.	15°36’03.23”S 47°39’32.61”W	174/3076	Sonsin-Oliveira, J; Oliveira, RC & Rocha, DMS	6	31.8	978
		15°35’59.07”S 47°39’15.90”W	177/3079		9.5	58.3	976
		15°35’53.91”S 47°39’23.89”W	178/3080		4	25.5	977
		15°35’42.47”S 47°39’46.03”W	179/3081		5	18.3	976
hybrid	Planaltina (DF) Ce s.s.	15°39’45.8”S 47°41’30.8”W	170/3083	Sonsin-Oliveira, J; Rocha, DMS; Santiago, VHD; Oliveira, RC	9	43.6	1035
		15°40’58.10’’S 47°42’24.60”W	171/3084		8	37.9	1009
		15°40’58.70”S 47°42’43.10”W	172/3085		8	34.4	1063
		15°40’58.70”S 47°42’43.10”W	173/3086		4,8	41.7	1063

Anatomical features		hybrid	P. emarginatus	P. pubescens	P. apparicioi	P. abruptus
Growth rings	Demarcated by marginal lines of axial parenchyma	1	1	1	1	1
Growth rings	Demarcated by fiber zones	-	0	-	-	-
Vessels	IVPA, circular	1	1	1	1	1
	IVPA, polygonal	+	1	+	+	+
	% VDiSm	2	1	0	0	77
	% VDiMe	62	42.5	41	48	23
	% VDiL	36	56.5	59	52	0
	% VDeF	91	82.5	94	28.5	1
	% VDeMe	7.5	17.5	6	70.5	97
	% VDeH	1.5	0	0	1	2
	Deposits	-	-	-	1	1
Axial parenchyma	Vasicentric	1	1	1	1	1
	Lozenge aliform	1	1	1	1	1
	Short confluent	1	1	+	1	1
	Long confluent	1*	1*	1*-	1*	1*+ba
	Unilateral	1	1	+	-	+
	Cells per strand	2-4 (+up to 3)	2-5 (up to 5)	3-4 (up to 5)	2-3 (up to 5)	2 (- up to 4)
Rays	Predominantly uniseriate	-	1	1	-	1
	1-2 cells wide	1	-	-	1	0
	Height (cells)	8.6 (up to 22)	11.2 (up to 25)	9.7 (up to 42)	10.9 (up to 36)	8.5 (up to 20)
	% RWiET	59	67	79	52.5	89
	% RWiVT	41	30	19	46.5	11
	% RWiT	0	3	2	1	0
	% RDeF	42	54	68	79	76
	% RDeN	58	46	32	21	24
	Perforated ray cells	1	1	1	0	-
Storied	Ray regular storied	1	1	1	1	1
	Ray irregular storied	-	-	-	-	0
	Prismatic crystals	1	1	0	0	1

Anatomical features		hybrid	P. emarginatus	P. pubescens	P. apparicioi	P. abruptus
Anatomical features		Ce s.s.	Ce s.s.	Ce s.s.	Ce s.s.	Ca
VL (µm)	A	207^e	240^c	274^a	260^b	222^d
	SD	29.9	26.6	34.2	31.1	32.6
	CV	14.5	11.1	12.5	12	14.7
VDi (µm)	A	94.8^b	108^a	109^a	102^a	46.8^c
	SD	24.3	23.4	24.3	19.5	5.9
	CV	25.6	21.6	22.3	19.1	12.5
VDe /mm²	A	15.4^d	17.7^c	14.2^d	23.7^b	62^a
	SD	5.5	3.42	4	5.7	13.8
	CV	35.8	19.4	28.2	23.9	22.3
IVPD (µm)	A	9.6^a	10^a	9.8^a	8.4^b	7.2^c
	SD	1.2	1.6	2.1	1	0.9
	CV	12	15.7	21	11.6	12.3
VRPD (µm)	A	8^a	7.9^a	7^b	7.6^a	7.5^a
	SD	1.2	1.9	2.2	1.2	1.1
	CV	15.4	23.6	31.3	16	15.3
VeA (µm²)	A	9576^c	12155^a	11613^b	9279^c	2104^d
	SD	4949	4742	5564	3794	539
	CV	51.7	39.0	47.9	40.9	25.6
SV / mm²	A	5.9^c	6.1^c	7.1^b	8.1^b	23.7^a
	SD	2.6	2.2	2.6	2.2	6.4
	CV	44.5	35.6	44.5	30.6	27.1
SV %	A	61.9^bc	56.1^cd	71.7^a	55.7^d	62.3^b
	SD	17.3	14.6	15.6	17.1	11.6
	CV	28.0	26.1	21.8	30.7	18.6
FL (µm)	A	904^b	1016^a	1038^a	988^a	847^c
	SD	108	113	204	149	97
	CV	11.9	11.1	19.6	15.1	11.5
FDi (µm)	A	13.9^a	14.8^a	14.6^a	13.8^a	12.8^b
	SD	2.7	2.9	2.5	2.5	2.9
	CV	19.6	20.0	16.9	18.2	22.8
FLu (µm)	A	2.5^c	2.8^ab	2.6^bc	3.1^a	2.6^bc
	SD	0.76	0.78	0.71	1.2	0.7
	CV	30.5	27.9	27.7	37. 8	26.1
FWT (µm)	A	5.7^ab	6^a	6^a	5.4^bc	5.1^c
	SD	1.2	1.3	1.1	1.1	1.3
	CV	20.9	22.4	18.8	20	24.8
R / mm	A	13.3^a	12.4^ab	11.6^b	11.2^c	11.5^bc
	SD	3.1	2.5	1.6	1.8	1.5
	CV	23.3	19.9	14	15.9	13.1
RH (µm)	A	153^c	195^ab	179^b	206^a	150^c
	SD	44.6	65.9	86.5	69.2	35.4
	CV	29.2	33.8	48.2	33.6	23.6
RW (µm)	A	15.2^a	14.1^ab	13.5^b	15.2^a	11.3^b
	SD	5.8	7.2	6	5.3	2.9
	CV	38	50.8	44.8	35.1	25.3
PaA / 0.25 mm²	A	5403^a	4285^b	3727^bc	3163^c	2382^d
	SD	2164	3163	1948	1455	912
	CV	39	73	52	45	38

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[1] * Corresponding author: jsonsin@unb.br

1a	axial parenchyma long confluent (oblique) forming bands exclusively unilateral; 75 % of small vessels (< 50 m) in radial multiple and 97 % with high density (40-100/mm²); rays exclusively uniseriate	Pterodon abruptus
1b	axial parenchyma short to long confluent (oblique), occasionally unilateral; 98 % of vessels were medium to large (50-200 µm); 98 % of vessels had low density (5-40 v/mm²); rays uniseriate and multiseriate	2
2a	more than 70 % of the vessels with medium density per mm² (20-40 v/mm²); intervessel pits diameter less than 8.4 µm	P. apparicioi
2b	over 80 % of vessels had low density (5-20 v/mm²); intervessel pits diameter larger than 9.6 µm	P. pubescens, P. emarginatus and hybrid