Could the presence of preformed leaves inside the seed be more important than seed size for the establishment and growth of Cerrado seedlings?

Silva, Larissa Gabrielle Ferreira da; Puntieri, Javier G.; Melo, Nayara Magry Jesus; Souza, João Paulo

doi:10.1590/1677-941X-ABB-2023-0119

Larissa Gabrielle Ferreira da Silva

Federal University of Viçosa, Institute of Biology, Highway LMG 818, Km 06, CEP 35690-000, Florestal, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7459-1347

Javier G. Puntieri

National University of Rio Negro, Research Institute in Natural Resources, Agroecology and Rural Development (IRNAD), Anasagasti 1463, San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina.

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6104-9017

Nayara Magry Jesus Melo

Federal University of Viçosa, Institute of Biology, Highway LMG 818, Km 06, CEP 35690-000, Florestal, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6683-4193

João Paulo Souza ^** Corresponding author: joaopaulobio@hotmail.com

Federal University of Viçosa, Institute of Biology, Highway LMG 818, Km 06, CEP 35690-000, Florestal, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1583-7933

* Corresponding author: joaopaulobio@hotmail.com

Figures (4)
Tables (3)

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Figure 1
Seeds of four woody species native to the Brazilian Cerrado. A, D, F, and I= seeds with coat; B, E, G, and J= cotyledon and embryonic axis without seed coat; C= embryonic axis without cotyledon; H and K= embryonic axis with cotyledons separated. The seeds were soaked in water to facilitate the coat removal, which is why the cotyledonary leaves, and the embryonic axis are swollen and larger than the unopened seeds.

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Figure 2
Mean (± standard error) initial growth (A, B) and relative growth rate (C, D) in terms of epicotyl length (A, C) and eophylls production (B, D) for seedlings of four woody species native to the Brazilian Cerrado growing in a greenhouse. Differences between species or among measurement periods are indicated: * main effect, ** double interaction (p <0.05, Tukey´s test). N = 11 (A. falcata), N = 3 (S. adstringens), N = 2 (T. aurea), N = 16 (S. polyphyllum).

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Figure 3
Mean (± standard error) epicotyl length inside the seed (T1) and in the first week after emergence (T2). Capital letters compare values between T1 and T2 within the same species. Lowercase letters compare values between T1 or T2 among different species (p <0.05, Tukey´s test). N = 50 (T1, all species), N = 27 (T2, A. falcata and T. aurea), N = 6 (T2, S. adstringens), N = 30 (T2, S. polyphyllum).

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Figure 4
Spearman correlation coefficient (rho) and p-value between morphological variables of four woody species native to the Brazilian Cerrado growing in a greenhouse. N = 11 (A. falcata), N = 3 (S. adstringens), N = 16 (S. polyphyllum), N = 2 (T. aurea).

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Table 1
Mean ± standard deviation of cotyledon length (CL), cotyledon width (CW), cotyledon + embryonic axis weight (CEW), hypocotyl-radicular axis length (HRAL), epicotyl length (EL), eophylls number on plumule (ENP), embryonic axis length (EAL) of seeds of four woody species native to the Brazilian Cerrado. Capital letters in columns compare significant differences between species (p<0.05, Tukey’s test). N = 50 seeds per species.

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Table 2
Mean ± standard deviation of root length (RL), stem length (SL), number of metaphylls (NM), number of eophylls (NE), area of metaphylls (LAM), and area of eophylls (LAE) of four woody species native to the Brazilian Cerrado after 60 days of growth in a greenhouse. Capital letters in columns compare significant differences between species (p<0.05, Tukey’s test). N = 11 (A. falcata), N = 3 (S. adstringens), N = 16 (S. polyphyllum), N = 2 (T. aurea).

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Table 3
Mean ± standard deviation of root dry mass (RDM), stem dry mass (SDM), eophylls dry mass (EDM), metaphylls dry mass (MDM) and total dry mass (TDM) of four woody species native to the Brazilian Cerrado after 60 days of growth in a greenhouse. Capital letters in columns compare significant differences between species (p<0.05, Tukey’s test). N = 11 (A. falcata), N = 3 (S. adstringens), N = 16 (S. polyphyllum), N = 2 (T. aurea).

Species	CL (cm)	CW (cm)	CEW (g)	HRAL (cm)	EL (cm)	ENP	EAL (cm)
A. falcata	1.40 ± 0.11 A	1.17 ± 0.16 B	0.19 ± 0.05 A	0.31 ± 0.05 A	0.32 ± 0.07 A	8.88 ± 1.07 A	0.63 ± 0.07 A
S. adstringens	1.07 ± 0.08 B	0.46 ± 0.06 C	0.04 ± 0.01 C	0.15 ± 0.04 B	0.12± 0.04 D	0.00 ± 0.00 B	0.27 ± 0.03 C
S. polyphyllum	0.98 ± 0.12 C	0.41 ± 0.06 D	0.04 ± 0.01 C	0.14 ± 0.04 B	0.20 ± 0.06 B	0.00 ± 0.00 B	0.34 ± 0.08 B
T. aurea	1.06 ± 0.07 B	1.47 ± 0.10 A	0.13 ± 0.12 B	0.14 ± 0.03 B	0.15 ± 0.04 C	0.00 ± 0.00 B	0.30 ± 0.03 C

Species	RL (cm)	SL (cm)	NM	NE	LAM	LAE
A. falcata	10.04 ± 3.44 A	7.16 ± 0.44 A	1.09 ± 0.53 A	11.54 ± 1.86 A	17.72 ± 5.24 A	17.12 ± 5.45 A
S. adstringens	10.50 ± 4.09A	2.73 ± 0.51 B	0.00 ± 0.00 B	18.66 ± 12.85 A	0.00 ± 0.00 B	26.70 ± 27.10 A
S. polyphyllum	9.08 ± 4.91 A	1.36 ± 0.82 C	0.00 ± 0.00 B	22.60 ± 13.29 A	0.00 ± 0.00 B	18.10 ± 15.63 A
T. aurea	4.85 ± 1.62 A	1.25 ± 0.07C	0.00 ± 0.00 B	2.00 ± 0.00 B	0.00 ± 0.00 B	2.40 ± 0.56 B

Species	RDM(g)	SDM(g)	EDM(g)	MDM(g)	TDM(g)
A. falcata	0.025 ± 0.01 A	0.012 ± 0.006 A	0.023 ± 0.014 A	0.019 ± 0.016 A	0.081 ± 0.036 A
S. adstringens	0.006 ± 0.002 A	0.004 ± 0.001 AB	0.007 ± 0.008 AB	0.00 ± 0.000 B	0.018 ± 0.01 B
S. polyphyllum	0.009 ± 0.008 A	0.001 ± 0.001 B	0.012± 0.010 A	0.000 ± 0.000 B	0.022 ± 0.018 AB
T. aurea	0.006 ± 0.002 A	0.004 ± 0.001 AB	0.0015 ± 0.0007 B	0.000 ± 0.000 B	0.012 ± 0.000 B

[1] * Corresponding author: joaopaulobio@hotmail.com

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Could the presence of preformed leaves inside the seed be more important than seed size for the establishment and growth of Cerrado seedlings?

Abstract