INTRAGASTRIC BALLOON AND IMPACT ON WEIGHT LOSS: EXPERIENCE IN QUITO, EQUADOR

Obesity is associated with different medical conditions, such as cardiologic, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary, and constitutes a severe health problem.

AIMS:

This study aimed to evaluate the use of intragastric fluid-filled balloon in the reduction of weight and other measurements related to body composition.

METHODS:

This is a retrospective, monocentric study involving all patients who opted for the intragastric balloon Spatz^® placement from January 2018 to July 2019, with fulfillment of inclusion and exclusion criteria. The patients were analyzed after 6 and 12 months after the intragastric fluid-filled balloon placed.

RESULTS:

A total of 121 subjects were included in this study, with 83 (68.6%) females and 38 (31.4%) males. The mean age was 36 years and height was 1.64±0.09. Weight mean and standard deviation was 89.85±14.65 kg, and body mass index was 33.05±4.03; body mass index decreased to 29.4 kg/m² with a mean weight of 79.83 kg, after 12 months of follow-up. There were statistical differences between body mass index and the 12 months in fat percentage, fat-free mass (kg), visceral fat area, and basal metabolic rate. There was a significant variation according to gender, with males having highest reduction. The percentage of excess weight loss was 46.19, and the total weight loss was 9.24 at the end of the study.

CONCLUSIONS:

The study demonstrated a benefit of intragastric fluid-filled balloon on weight loss after 12 months. At the end of treatment, body mass index and the measurements of body composition were significantly lower. Men benefited more than women from the treatment.

HEADINGS:
Endoscopy; Body mass index; Digestive system; Body weight; Obesity

Characteristics	Average (mean±SD)	Average (mean±SD)	Average (mean±SD)	p-value^* * Friedman test
Characteristics	pretreatment	6 months	12 months	p-value^* * Friedman test
Body weight (kg)	89.8±14.6	81.4 ±13.4	79.8±16.0	<0.00
BMI (kg/m²)	33.0±4.0	29.8±3.3	29.8±3.5	<0.00
Musculoskeletal mass	28.9±7.0	27.4±6.7	27.4 ±6.7	0.22
Percentage fat mass (%)	42.3±6.7	39.2±7.5	39.0±7.7	<0.00
Fat-free mass (kg)	37.8±7.9	31.9±7.9	31.9±7.9	<0.00
Basal metabolic rate (kcal)	1491.1±249.7	1447.8±241.4	1441.6±239.0	<0.00
Visceral fat area (cm²)	181.3±205.2	180.7±38.9	154.6±43.9	0.02
Phase angle (°)	5.5±0.8	–	5.6±0.7	<0.00^ Student's t-test (normally distributed variable). BMI: body mass index; SD: standard deviation; IGB: intragastric fluid-filled balloon

		Time points	Mean differences	p-value^* * Dunn's post-hoc analysis. BMI: body mass index.	95% Confidence interval
		Time points	Mean differences	p-value^* * Dunn's post-hoc analysis. BMI: body mass index.	Lower bound	Upper bound
Weight
	Pretreatment	6 months	8.4	0.00	3.8	12.9
	Pretreatment	12 months	10.0	0.00	5.4	14.5
	6 months	12 months	1.5	1.00	-2.9	6.1
BMI
	Pretreatment	6 months	3.46	0.00	2.25	4.67
	Pretreatment	12 months	3.20	0.00	1.99	4.41
	6 months	12 months	0.25	1.00	-0.95	1.47
Percentage fat mass (%)
	Pretreatment	6 months	3.16	0.00	0.88	5.45
	Pretreatment	12 months	3.32	0.00	1.03	5.60
	6 months	12 months	0.15	1.00	-2.12	2.44
Fat-free mass (kg)
	Pretreatment	6 months	5.93	0.00	3.47	8.39
	Pretreatment	12 months	6.23	0.00	3.77	8.69
	6 months	12 months	0.30	1.00	-2.15	2.76
Visceral fat area (cm²)
	Pretreatment	6 months	-45.38	0.02	-85.77	-5.00
	Pretreatment	12 months	-23.12	0.50	-63.50	17.26
	6 months	12 months	22.26	0.55	-18.12	62.65

Mean differences	Male n=38 (mean ± SD)	Female n=83 (mean ± SD)	p-value^* * Mann-Whitney U test. BMI: body mass index; SD: standard deviation.
Body weight (kg)	14.7±20.7	7.8±6.1	0.03
BMI (kg/m²)	3.4±2.1	3.1±2.4	0.39
Musculoskeletal mass	1.7±1.5	1.3±1.3	0.05
Percentage fat mass (%)	4.3±3.7	2.8±2.9	0.05
Fat-free mass (kg)	7.3±5.3	5.7± 4.5	0.15
Visceral fat area (cm²)	10.8±70.2	28.7±84.0	0.17
Phase angle (°)	6.3±0.8	5.3±0.4	0.00

Mean (%)	6 months		p-value	12 months		p-value^* * Mann-Whitney U test.
Mean (%)	Male	Female	p-value	Male	Female	p-value^* * Mann-Whitney U test.
TWL	10.54±6.385	8.64±5.31	0.09	10.41±6.41	8.89±6.54	0.23
EWL	54.25±40.34	42.0±0.37	0.12	43.71±39.64	43.78±39.64	0.50

		6 months		12 months		p-value^* * χ2
		No.	%	No.	%	p-value^* * χ2
TWL (%)
	TWL>7%	78	64.5	75	62.0	0.00
	TWL<7%	43	35.5	46	38.0	0.00
EWL (%)
	EWL>30%	75	62.0	76	62.8	0.00
	EWL<30%	46	38.0	45	37.2	0.00

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[1] Correspondence: Kirsten Falcon. E-mail: kirstenfalcon@hotmail.com