ABSTRACT
Background:
Gastro-omentopexy promotes the reconnection of the stomach to the gastroesplenic and gastrocolic ligaments and constitutes an alternative for the prevention of complications in laparoscopic vertical gastrectomy.
Aim:
To demonstrate the benefits of the gastro-omentopexy technique in patients undergoing sleeve gastrectomy, with possible reduction in postoperative complications.
Methods:
Prospective, non-randomized, case series type study, consisting of a clinical population of 179 patients who underwent the technique in 2018, with follow-up between 6-12 months in the postoperative period.
Results:
From the participants 71.5% were women, aged between 30-40 years (36.3%). As for the prevalence of complications in the postoperative period, the low prevalence was evident, with emphasis on readmission (1.1%); reoperation (1.1%); wound infection (1.1%); bleeding hemorrhage (0.5%); and stricture (1.1%). However, temporary symptoms were present such as nausea/vomiting, food intolerance, epigastric pain and feeling of fullness, right after surgery.
Conclusion:
The technique promoted a significant improvement in quality of life and control of comorbidities. In addition, it was associated with a low prevalence of stenosis, and with no fistula, making the method safer.
HEADINGS:
Obesity; Bariatric surgery; Postoperative Complications; Weight loss; Quality of life
RESUMO
Racional:
A gastro-omentopexia promove a reconexão do estômago aos ligamentos gastroesplênico e gastrocólico e pode constituir alternativa para prevenção de complicações na gastrectomia vertical laparoscópica.
Objetivo:
Demonstrar os benefícios da gastro-omentopexia em pacientes submetidos à gastrectomia vertical laparoscópica com redução de complicações.
Métodos:
Estudo prospectivo, não randomizado, do tipo série de casos, constituído por população de 179 pacientes que realizaram a técnica, com acompanhamento entre 6-12 meses no pós-operatório.
Resultados:
Dos participantes 71,5% eram mulheres, com faixa etária entre 30-40 anos (36,3%). Quanto às complicações no pós-operatório evidenciou-se baixa prevalência delas com destaque para reinternação (1,1%); reoperação (1,1%); infecção de ferida (1,1%); sangramento/hemorragia (0,5%); e estenose gástrica (1,1%). Entretanto, surgiram sintomas temporários como náusea/vômito, intolerância alimentar, dor epigástrica e sensação de plenitude, logo após a operação. Houve melhora nas variáveis de qualidade de vida analisadas.
Conclusão:
A técnica promoveu melhora na qualidade de vida e no controle das comorbidades. Além disso, esteve associada à baixa prevalência de estenose, e sem ocorrência de fístula, tornando o método mais seguro.
DESCRITORES:
Obesidade; Cirurgia bariátrica; Complicações pós-operatórias; Perda de peso; Qualidade de vida
INTRODUCTION
Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy is a surgical technique for the treatment of obesity based on the construction of a gastric tube from the resection of the fundus, part of the body and the gastric antrum; it does not have anastomoses and is mostly restrictive1515 Kassir R, Tiffet O, Blanc P, Ben Amor I, Gugenheim J. Sleeve gastrectomy. A point of technique. Int J Surg. 2014 Dec;12(12):1450-1. doi: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2014.10.021. PMID: 25448670.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2014.10.0...
. It has shown good results, becoming the fastest growing bariatric procedure in the USA, and the second most performed in the world, corresponding to 37% of the total33 Angrisani L, Santonicola A, Iovino P, Formisano G, Buchwald H, Scopinaro N. Bariatric Surgery Worldwide 2013. Obesity surgery. 2015;25(10):1822-32. doi: 10.1007/s11695-015-1657-z. PMID: 25835983.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11695-015-1657-...
.
Sleeve gastrectomy has advantages such as preservation of the gastroduodenal transit and lower risk of nutritional deficiency; however, some postoperative complications can be evidenced, as its performance promotes the disconnection of the gastric tube from the fundamental ligaments for its fixation, such as the gastrosplenic and gastrocolic. Thus, the remnant stomach becomes more susceptible to a reduction in the diameter of the lumen, causing symptoms such as gastric stasis, gastroesophageal reflux, heartburn and regurgitation2424 Valadão JA, Leal PC, Oliveira EJSG, Torres OJM, Pinto LEV, De Marchi DD, Gama-Filho OP, Santo MA, Nassif PAN. Vertical gastrectomy vs. Extended vertical gastrectomy: what is the impact on gastroesophageal reflux disease in obese rats? ABCD Arq Bras Cir Dig. 2020 Aug;33(2),e1513. doi: 10.1590/0102-672020190001e1513. ISSN 0102-6720.
https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-67202019000...
. In addition, axial rotation may occur, leading to stomach angulation, triggering an increase in intraluminal pressure and the appearance of stenoses, predisposing to the development of fistulas11 Abdallah E, Emile SH, Elfeki H. Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy With or Without Staple Line Inversion and Distal Fixation to the Transverse Mesocolon: Impact on Early Postoperative Outcomes. Obesity surgery. 2017;27(2):323-9. doi: 10.1007/s11695-016-2277-y. PMID: 27379770.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11695-016-2277-...
,66 Baumann T, Grueneberger J, Pache G, Kuesters S, Marjanovic G, Kulemann B, et al. Three-dimensional stomach analysis with computed tomography after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy: sleeve dilation and thoracic migration. Surgical endoscopy. 2011 Jul;25(7):2323-9. doi: 10.1007/s00464-010-1558-0. PMID: 21298527.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-010-1558-...
,99 de Godoy EP, Coelho D. Gastric sleeve fixation strategy in laparoscopic vertical sleeve gastrectomy. ABCD Arq. Bras. Cir. Dig.2013;26 (Suppl 1):79-82. doi: 10.1590/S0102-67202013000600017. PMID: 24463905.
https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-6720201300...
,1010 Del Castillo Dejardin D, Sabench Pereferrer F, Hernandez Gonzalez M, Blanco Blasco S, Cabrera Vilanova A. Gastric volvulus after sleeve gastrectomy for morbid obesity. Surgery. 2013 Mar;153(3):431-3. doi:10.1016/j.surg.2011.12.023. PMID: 22316437.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surg.2011.12.0...
,2323 Subhas G, Gupta A, Sabir M, Mittal VK. Gastric remnant twist in the immediate post-operative period following laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. World J Gastrointest Surg. 2015 Nov 27;7(11):345-8. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v7.i11.345. PMID: 26649158.
https://doi.org/10.4240/wjgs.v7.i11.345...
.
Considering that the absence of fixation of the stomach may determine such complications, gastro-omentopexy has been recently discussed as one of the probable preventive measures1010 Del Castillo Dejardin D, Sabench Pereferrer F, Hernandez Gonzalez M, Blanco Blasco S, Cabrera Vilanova A. Gastric volvulus after sleeve gastrectomy for morbid obesity. Surgery. 2013 Mar;153(3):431-3. doi:10.1016/j.surg.2011.12.023. PMID: 22316437.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surg.2011.12.0...
,2323 Subhas G, Gupta A, Sabir M, Mittal VK. Gastric remnant twist in the immediate post-operative period following laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. World J Gastrointest Surg. 2015 Nov 27;7(11):345-8. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v7.i11.345. PMID: 26649158.
https://doi.org/10.4240/wjgs.v7.i11.345...
. This technique promotes the fixation of the gastric remnant to the gastrosplenic and gastrocolic ligaments in order to reduce the mobility of the gastric pouch, preventing axial rotation, gastroesophageal reflux disease, hiatal hernia or intrathoracic migration of the gastric pouch. However, there are still few studies in the scientific literature that prove its effectiveness.
The present research sought to demonstrate benefits of performing gastro-omentopexy during laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, with possible reduction of complications and improvement in postoperative quality of life.
METHOD
All participants were informed about the research and signed the informed consent form. This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Health Sciences Center of the Federal University of Pernambuco (CEP/CCS/UFPE), in accordance with Resolution nº 466/12, of the National Health Council, with opinion nº 3.328. 904, under CAAE No. 11737319.0.0000.5208.
This research was prospective, non-randomized, case series, consisting of a population of 179 patients who underwent sleeve gastrectomy with the laparoscopic gastro-omentopexy technique. All those submitted to it from January to December 2018 in Recife, PE, Brazil were included. The selection of patients followed traditional criteria, such as body mass index (BMI) above 40 kg/m2 or above 35 kg/m2 associated with comorbidity and age over 18 years.
Operative technique
The performance of gastro-omentopexy begins with the release of the entire greater gastric curvature through the section of the gastrocolic ligament (near the pylorus), followed by the gastrosplenic; the gastrophrenic ligament is not released. After these releases, the 32-degree Fouchet probe is introduced into the stomach in order to avoid stenosis and guide the staple diameter. The stomach is divided using a 60 mm laparoscopic stapler, the first stapling starts about 3 cm from the pylorus, followed by more shots in the cephalic direction, up to 1-2 cm from the esophagogastric angle. Once the stapling process is completed, the fixation of the entire staple line in the gastrocolic and gastrosplenic ligaments begins, using barbed wire (Stratafix® Ethicon Inc., Somerville, NJ). The staple line of the first 5 cm of the proximal portion of the gastric tube is invaginated with continuous suture. The invaginating suture aims to adjust the diameter, strengthening the region and thus avoiding complications such as fistulas, more common in the proximal portion. Stitches applied to the ligaments are carefully placed in order to avoid vascular damage to the gastro-omental vessels, which pass through the greater curvature of the stomach.
Patients were contacted by telephone to return to consultation, where a structured questionnaire prepared by the researchers was applied, with the following variables: gender, age group, marital status, pre- and postoperative BMI, degree of satisfaction with the weight loss. Follow-up took place between 6-12 months of the postoperative period. The questions regarding quality of life were based on the BAROS protocol questionnaire - Bariatric Analysis and Reporting Outcome System (self-esteem, physical exercise, work motivation, social relationships and sexual interest)1818 Oria HE, Moorehead MK. Bariatric analysis and reporting outcome system (BAROS). Obes Surg. 1998 Oct;8(5):487-99. doi: 10.1381/096089298765554043. PMID: 9819079.
https://doi.org/10.1381/0960892987655540...
. The presence/absence of comorbidities (diabetes, hypertension, reflux, heartburn/heartburn/burning, regurgitation, nausea/vomiting, pain in the epigastrium or chest, feeling of fullness, cough or dysphagia) and the symptoms of reflux in preoperative and postoperative moments, the presence/absence of postoperative complications (rehospitalization, reoperation, surgical wound infection, bleeding/hemorrhage, stenosis, fistula, thoracic pouch migration, axial rotation, gastric volvulus and leaks in the staple line).
Statistical analysis
The database was built using Microsoft Excel 2010 and exported to SPSS 13.0 (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) software for Windows. Data were analyzed through the construction of tables and graphs, with their respective absolute and relative frequencies. The chi-square test used for comparisons between proportion/percentage was applied to verify the existence of a comparison between categorical variables in quality of life (satisfaction with weight, self-esteem, physical exercise, work motivation, social relationships and sexual interest) and comorbidities (diabetes, SAH, heartburn, regurgitation, nausea/vomiting, crushing, pain in the epigastrium/chest, feeling of fullness and coughing). In the analysis of repeated measures (moments: preoperative, postoperative and current), the mixed linear regression model was used, which takes into account the possible correlation between the values of the response variable that constitute repeated measures. All tests were applied with 95% confidence and conclusions were obtained considering a significance level of 5% and 95% strength of truth (p=0.05).
RESULTS
A total of 179 patients were evaluated, of which 71.5% were women, with a predominance of the age group between 30-40 years (36.3%). There was a low prevalence of postoperative complications, especially readmission (1.1%); reoperation (1.1%); wound infection (1.1%); bleeding/hemorrhage (0.5%) and stenosis (1.1%). Other complications such as fistula, thoracic bursa migration, axial rotation and gastric volvulus were not present in the study population (Figure 1).
Regarding the prevalence and evolution of comorbidities in the pre- and postoperative periods, there was a reduction in the rates of diabetes (0.6% postoperatively vs. 15.6% preoperatively); hypertension (4.5% postoperatively vs. 36.3% preoperatively) and heartburn (26.3% postoperatively vs. 51.4% preoperatively). However, there was an increase in symptoms such as nausea/vomiting, crushing, pain in the epigastrium/chest and feeling of fullness. There is also a statistically significant difference in almost all the variables analyzed in relation to the moments, except for regurgitation and cough (Table 1).
As for the degree of satisfaction in aspects related to quality of life, there was a statistically significant difference (p<0.001) in all variables analyzed in relation to the pre- and postoperative periods. When analyzing the variable weight satisfaction, an inversion is noted: preoperatively 100% of the participants were not very satisfied with their weight, postoperatively 100% became satisfied with their weight loss (Table 2).
In the analysis of the evolution of weight, there was a statistically significant difference after the operation (Figure 2); the mean weight in the preoperative period was 111.19±18.06 kg (weighed at the moment of the survey); at three months after the operation, it was 93.27±16.60 kg and 77.41±13.34 kg in the follow-up between six months and one year after the surgical intervention.
DISCUSSION
Despite the advantages of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, such as sufficient weight loss, absence of anastomoses, accessibility of the stomach and biliary tract by endoscopy, low nutritional deficiency rate and lower risk of dumping, complications such as fistula, stenosis, hemorrhage and reflux gastroesophageal disorders are likely to happen1010 Del Castillo Dejardin D, Sabench Pereferrer F, Hernandez Gonzalez M, Blanco Blasco S, Cabrera Vilanova A. Gastric volvulus after sleeve gastrectomy for morbid obesity. Surgery. 2013 Mar;153(3):431-3. doi:10.1016/j.surg.2011.12.023. PMID: 22316437.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surg.2011.12.0...
,1313 Fischer L, Hildebrandt C, Bruckner T, Kenngott H, Linke GR, Gehrig T, Büchler MW, Müller-Stich BP. Excessive weight loss after sleeve gastrectomy: a systematic review. Obes Surg. 2012 May;22(5):721-31. doi: 10.1007/s11695-012-0616-1. PMID: 22411568.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11695-012-0616-...
,2020 Pimenta GP, Moura Dd, Adorno Filho ET, Jaudy TR, Jaudy TR, de Aguilar-Nascimento JE. Avaliação da qualidade de vida tardia após gastroplastia vertical. Rev Col Bras Cir. 2013 Nov-Dec;40(6):453-7. English, Portuguese. doi: 10.1590/s0100-69912013000600006. PMID: 24573622.
https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-6991201300...
. Thus, studies are being carried out to assess the benefits of stomach fixation in sleeve gastrectomy, promoting the reconnection of the gastric remnant to the gastrosplenic and gastrocolic ligaments in order to reduce complications11 Abdallah E, Emile SH, Elfeki H. Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy With or Without Staple Line Inversion and Distal Fixation to the Transverse Mesocolon: Impact on Early Postoperative Outcomes. Obesity surgery. 2017;27(2):323-9. doi: 10.1007/s11695-016-2277-y. PMID: 27379770.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11695-016-2277-...
,99 de Godoy EP, Coelho D. Gastric sleeve fixation strategy in laparoscopic vertical sleeve gastrectomy. ABCD Arq. Bras. Cir. Dig.2013;26 (Suppl 1):79-82. doi: 10.1590/S0102-67202013000600017. PMID: 24463905.
https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-6720201300...
.
The majority of the population in this study (71.5%) was women, the same fact occurred in the researches carried out by Goulart et al.1414 Goulart A, Branco C, Manso F, Pereira M, Fernandes A, Carvalho D et al. Gastrectomia Vertical Laparoscópica: Estudo Retrospetivo de 250 Casos. Rev. Port. Cir. [Internet]. 2017 Set [citado 2020 Dez 11];(42):7-16. Disponível em: http://www.scielo.mec.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1646-69182017000300002 ISSN 1646-6918.
http://www.scielo.mec.pt/scielo.php?scri...
in Portugal, where 88.4% of the population was female, and by Pimenta et al.2020 Pimenta GP, Moura Dd, Adorno Filho ET, Jaudy TR, Jaudy TR, de Aguilar-Nascimento JE. Avaliação da qualidade de vida tardia após gastroplastia vertical. Rev Col Bras Cir. 2013 Nov-Dec;40(6):453-7. English, Portuguese. doi: 10.1590/s0100-69912013000600006. PMID: 24573622.
https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-6991201300...
in Brazil with 61.3%. A study on bariatric surgeries performed by the Brazilian Unified Health System in the period 2010-2016 showed that 85.4% of procedures performed in the country were in women77 Carvalho AS, Rosa RS. Cirurgias bariátricas realizadas pelo Sistema Único de Saúde no período 2010-2016: estudo descritivo das hospitalizações no Brasil. Epidemiol. Serv. Saúde. 2019; 28(1):e2018260. doi: 10.5123/S1679-49742019000100023. PMID: 30970075.
https://doi.org/10.5123/S1679-4974201900...
. This fact suggests that women are more careful and concerned about their health when compared to men; in addition, there is aesthetic motivation in society where there are standards of beauty imposed by the media, increasing the demand for and performance of bariatric surgery by this audience11 Abdallah E, Emile SH, Elfeki H. Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy With or Without Staple Line Inversion and Distal Fixation to the Transverse Mesocolon: Impact on Early Postoperative Outcomes. Obesity surgery. 2017;27(2):323-9. doi: 10.1007/s11695-016-2277-y. PMID: 27379770.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11695-016-2277-...
,1111 Dias-da-Costa JS, Koltermann AP, Cappellesso B, Lisowski JF, Bernardelli M, Xavier PB, et al. Characteristics of women who do not consult a doctor: a population-based study. Rev Saude Publica. 2018;52:54. doi: 10.11606/s1518-8787.2018052000190. PMID: 29791527.
https://doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2018...
.
The most feared complications in the postoperative period of sleeve gastrectomy are gastric fistula (1-3.9%), hemorrhage (<5%) and stenosis (2-5%). A study by Arslan et al.44 Arslan E, Banli O, Sipahi M, Yagci G. Effects and Results of Omentopexy During Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy. Surgical laparoscopy, endoscopy & percutaneous techniques. 2018;28(3):174-7. doi: 10.1097/SLE.0000000000000526. PMID: 29668667.
https://doi.org/10.1097/SLE.000000000000...
showed that gastric symptoms and complications can be minimized with the performance of omentopexy, resulting in a gastric fistula rate of 0.07%, hemorrhage 0.2% and stenosis 0%. Abdallah et al.11 Abdallah E, Emile SH, Elfeki H. Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy With or Without Staple Line Inversion and Distal Fixation to the Transverse Mesocolon: Impact on Early Postoperative Outcomes. Obesity surgery. 2017;27(2):323-9. doi: 10.1007/s11695-016-2277-y. PMID: 27379770.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11695-016-2277-...
carried out a study with 252 patients, divided into control and study groups. In this series, they were able to prove with statistical relevance that the fixation technique reduces the incidence of bleeding from the staple line and axial rotation. A retrospective study with 1200 patients undergoing sleeve gastrectomy and omentopexy found stenosis in 1.33%, bleeding in 0.58%, leakage in the staple line in 0.25% and wound infection in 0.08% as operative complications55 Batman B, Altun H. Benefits of Suture Reinforcement in Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy. Surgical laparoscopy, endoscopy & percutaneous techniques. 2019 Dec;29(6):539-542. doi: 10.1097/SLE.0000000000000722. PMID: 31517747.
https://doi.org/10.1097/SLE.000000000000...
. Pilone et al.1919 Pilone V, Tramontano S, Renzulli M, Romano M, Monda A, Albanese A, Foletto M. Omentopexy with Glubran(r)2 for reducing complications after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy: results of a randomized controlled study. BMC Surg. 2019 Nov;19(Suppl 1):56. doi: 10.1186/s12893-019-0507-7. PMID: 31690312.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12893-019-0507-...
used two groups, one with omentopexy associated with synthetic sealant, and the other without omentopexy. The overall rate of complications was significantly reduced in the group that underwent omentopexy, suggesting a possible standardization and reproducible approach that can be used to protect the suture for a long time, preventing and reducing complications in sleeve gastrectomy patients. The data published in the literature are similar to this study, where there were no cases of fistula, thoracic bursa migration, axial rotation and gastric volvulus, and low prevalence of some postoperative complications such as readmission (1.1%); reoperation (1.1%); wound infection (1.1%); bleeding/hemorrhage (0.5%) and stenosis (1.1%).
As for the improvement of comorbidities, studies report that bariatric surgery in general can lead to diabetes remission in up to 60% after one year of the surgical procedure; others, specify its remission, using sleeve gastrectomy, between 79-81%2020 Pimenta GP, Moura Dd, Adorno Filho ET, Jaudy TR, Jaudy TR, de Aguilar-Nascimento JE. Avaliação da qualidade de vida tardia após gastroplastia vertical. Rev Col Bras Cir. 2013 Nov-Dec;40(6):453-7. English, Portuguese. doi: 10.1590/s0100-69912013000600006. PMID: 24573622.
https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-6991201300...
,2222 Silva CV, Sivieri FJM, Sivieri T, Pacca CC. Cirurgia bariátrica e controle glicêmico: relato de um caso. Arquivos de ciências da saúde. 2018 jul-dez;25(3):15-17. doi: 10.17696/2318-3691.25.3.2018.1234.
https://doi.org/10.17696/2318-3691.25.3....
. Thus, the findings in the literature corroborate those of this study, since only one patient (0.6%) maintained diabetes after sleeve gastrectomy with gastro-omentopexy; however, it is essential that these patients maintain long-term follow-up after the surgical procedure. Vargas et al.2525 Vargas GP, Mendes GA, Pinto RD. Quality of life after vertical gastrectomy evaluated by the BAROS questionnaire. ABCD Arq Bras Cir Dig. 2017 Oct-Dec;30(4):248-251. doi: 10.1590/0102-6720201700040005. PMID: 29340547.
https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-67202017000...
demonstrated that 77% of the research participants who presented arterial hypertension in the preoperative period achieved complete resolution of the disease and 38.4% managed to maintain control with a smaller number of antihypertensive medications. In the present study, patients showed clinical improvement in arterial hypertension, which dropped from 36.3% before to 4.5% after surgery.
Regarding heartburn/retrosternal burning, one of the main symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease, there was a decline from 51.4% in the preoperative period to 26.3% in the postoperative. Omentopexy, as the literature suggests, sectioning ligaments in sleeve gastrectomy without omentopexy may increase reflux symptoms1717 Nassif PA, Malafaia O, Ribas-Filho JM, Czeczko NG, Garcia RF, Ariede BL. Vertical gastrectomy and gastric bypass in Roux-en-Y induce postoperative gastroesophageal reflux disease? ABCD Arq Bras Cir Dig. 2014;27 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):63-8. doi: 10.1590/s0102-6720201400s100016. PMID: 25409970.
https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-6720201400...
. However, despite the improvement in heartburn, there was an increase in symptoms such as nausea/vomiting, crushing (related to the consumption of certain foods), pain in the epigastrium/chest and feeling of fullness, especially in the first months of the postoperative period. Dysphagia is a frequent early symptom, due to the phase of food readaptation, with a tendency to decrease in the late period. Some studies have shown that complaints of gastroesophageal reflux can either improve or worsen or even remain after sleeve gastrectomy - in some cases, patients stop using the proton pump inhibitor22 Afaneh C, Costa R, Pomp A, Dakin G. A prospective randomized controlled trial assessing the efficacy of omentopexy during laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy in reducing postoperative gastrointestinal symptoms. Surgical endoscopy. 2015;29(1):41-7. doi: 10.1007/s00464-014-3651-2. PMID: 24962864.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-014-3651-...
,1212 Filho AMM, Silva LB, Godoy ES, Falcao AM, de Quadros LG, Zotarelli Filho IJ, et al. Omentopexy in Sleeve Gastrectomy Reduces Early Gastroesophageal Reflux Symptoms. Surg laparosc endosc percutan tech. 2019;29(3):155-61. doi:10.1097/SLE.0000000000000597. PMID: 30499891.
https://doi.org/10.1097/SLE.000000000000...
,2121 Santoro S, Lacombe A, Aquino CG, Malzoni CE. Sleeve gastrectomy with anti-reflux procedures. Einstein (São Paulo). 2014 Sep;12(3):287-94. doi: 10.1590/s1679-45082014ao2885. PMID: 25295447.
https://doi.org/10.1590/s1679-45082014ao...
. These findings corroborate the divergences between the authors and point to the need for prospective studies, with a robust sample and more accurate tests, such as esophageal manometry and esophagogastroduodenal seriography, to better assess this outcome.
In the present study, all patients reported significant improvement in aspects related to quality of life, especially in terms of satisfaction with weight loss, in addition to improvement in self-esteem, physical exercise, work motivation, social relationships and sexual interest. The same happens with the data found in the literature, where the scores assessed regarding quality of life showed that patients showed improvement in self-esteem and pleasure in performing routine activities after sleeve gastrectomy88 Castanha CR, Ferraz AAB, Castanha AR, Belo GdQMB, Lacerda RMR, Vilar L. Avaliação da qualidade de vida, perda de peso e comorbidades de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica. Rev. Col. Bras. Cir. 2018 Jul;45(3):e1864. doi:10.1590/0100-6991e-20181864. PMID: 30020323.
https://doi.org/10.1590/0100-6991e-20181...
,1616 Kirkil C, Aygen E, Korkmaz MF, Bozan MB. Quality of life after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy using BAROS system. ABCD Arq Bras Cir Dig. 2018 Aug;31(3):e1385. doi: 10.1590/0102-672020180001e1385. PMID: 30133677.
https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-67202018000...
. Pimenta et al.2020 Pimenta GP, Moura Dd, Adorno Filho ET, Jaudy TR, Jaudy TR, de Aguilar-Nascimento JE. Avaliação da qualidade de vida tardia após gastroplastia vertical. Rev Col Bras Cir. 2013 Nov-Dec;40(6):453-7. English, Portuguese. doi: 10.1590/s0100-69912013000600006. PMID: 24573622.
https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-6991201300...
demonstrated that there was a significant reduction in weight during the three-year follow-up in patients who underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, the same happened with the results presented by Goulart et al.1414 Goulart A, Branco C, Manso F, Pereira M, Fernandes A, Carvalho D et al. Gastrectomia Vertical Laparoscópica: Estudo Retrospetivo de 250 Casos. Rev. Port. Cir. [Internet]. 2017 Set [citado 2020 Dez 11];(42):7-16. Disponível em: http://www.scielo.mec.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1646-69182017000300002 ISSN 1646-6918.
http://www.scielo.mec.pt/scielo.php?scri...
, which confirmed the effectiveness of this loss after one year and maintenance of this weight loss 2-3 years after sleeve gastrectomy. In this research, even using a variation of the technique of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy with gastro-omentopexy, it also pointed to an evolutionary decrease in weight with follow-up between six months and one year. Importantly, weight loss is similar to sleeve gastrectomy without omentopexy; thus, the choice to use this technique is associated with increased security in the control of postoperative complications in the first weeks or months after the operation.
The study has some limitations, especially regarding the absence of a control group; this is due to the choice of the standard technique of sleeve gastrectomy with omentopexy, performed in all patients. Another limitation is regarding the improvement of reflux, since for a more detailed evaluation of this disease it is necessary to perform more specific tests such as esophageal manometry and esophagogastroduodenal contrast radiological evaluation. In general, gastro-omentopexy in laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy showed significant results in terms of quality of life and comorbidities. It is a simple and low-cost technique; however, more studies need to be carried out to confirm its effectiveness in terms of reducing complications.
CONCLUSION
The use of the gastro-omentopexy technique in laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy was associated with a low prevalence of complications, such as stenosis, and absence of others, as fistula, increasing the safety of patients in the postoperative period.
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Financial source:
none. - 3
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Central message
The use of the gastro-omentopexy technique in laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy was associated with a low prevalence of complications such as bleeding/hemorrhage, stenosis and absence of others, as fistula, therefore increasing the safety of patients in the postoperative period. -
Perspective
The gastro-omentopexy technique promotes the reconnection of the stomach to the gastrosplenic and gastrocolic ligaments, essential for its fixation in the abdominal cavity, thus preventing possible complications in laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. In general, this technique is simple and inexpensive, promoting significant results in improving quality of life and comorbidities.
Publication Dates
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Publication in this collection
05 Jan 2022 -
Date of issue
2021
History
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Received
18 Nov 2020 -
Accepted
20 Mar 2021