Sampling: how to select participants in my research study?

Martínez-Mesa, Jeovany; González-Chica, David Alejandro; Duquia, Rodrigo Pereira; Bonamigo, Renan Rangel; Bastos, João Luiz

doi:10.1590/abd1806-4841.20165254

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Special Article • An. Bras. Dermatol. 91 (3) • May-Jun 2016 • https://doi.org/10.1590/abd1806-4841.20165254 copy

Sampling: how to select participants in my research study?^* * Study performed at Faculdade Meridional - Escola de Medicina (IMED) - Passo Fundo (RS), Brazil.

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract:

Background:

In this paper, the basic elements related to the selection of participants for a health research are discussed. Sample representativeness, sample frame, types of sampling, as well as the impact that non-respondents may have on results of a study are described. The whole discussion is supported by practical examples to facilitate the reader's understanding.

Objective:

To introduce readers to issues related to sampling.

Keywords:
Dermatology; Epidemiology and biostatistics; Epidemiologic studies; Sample size; Sampling studies

Sample frames	Limitations
Population census	• If the census was not conducted in recent years, areas with high migration might be outdated
Population census	• Homeless or itinerant people cannot be represented

Hospital or Health Services records	• Usually include only data of affected people (this is a limitation, depending on the study objectives)
	• Depending on the service, data may be incomplete and/or outdated
	• If the lists are from public units, results may differ from those who seek private services

School lists	• School lists are currently available only in the public sector
	• Children/ teenagers not attending school will not be represented
	• Lists are quickly outdated
	• There will be problems in areas with high percentage of school absenteeism

List of phone numbers	• Several population groups are not represented: individuals with no phone line at home (low-income families, young people who use only cell phones), those who spend less time at home, etc.

Mailing lists	• Individuals with multiple email addresses, which increase the chance of selection compared to individuals with only one address
Mailing lists	• Individuals without an email address may be different from those who have it, according to age, education, etc.

Sociedade Brasileira de Dermatologia Av. Rio Branco, 39 18. and., 20090-003 Rio de Janeiro RJ, Tel./Fax: +55 21 2253-6747 - Rio de Janeiro - RJ - Brazil
E-mail: revista@sbd.org.br

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[1] Mailing address: Jeovany Martínez-Mesa, Faculdade Meridional - IMED, Escola de Medicina, R. Senador Pinheiro, 304, 99070-220 - Passo Fundo - RS, Brazil. Email: jeovanymm@gmail.com

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Sampling: how to select participants in my research study?* * Study performed at Faculdade Meridional - Escola de Medicina (IMED) - Passo Fundo (RS), Brazil.

Abstract:

Background:

Objective:

Sampling: how to select participants in my research study?^* * Study performed at Faculdade Meridional - Escola de Medicina (IMED) - Passo Fundo (RS), Brazil.