Prevalence of photoprotection and its associated factors in risk group for skin cancer in Teresina, Piauí*

Cardoso, Fernanda Ayres de Morais e Silva; Mesquita, Gerardo Vasconcelos; Campelo, Viriato; Martins, Maria do Carmo de Carvalho e; Almeida, Camila Aparecida Pinheiro Landim; Rabelo, Regina Silva; Rocha, Amanda Eugênia Almeida; Santos, Jadson Lener Oliveira dos

doi:10.1590/abd1806-4841.20174831

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Investigation • An. Bras. Dermatol. 92 (2) • Mar-Apr 2017 • https://doi.org/10.1590/abd1806-4841.20174831 copy

Prevalence of photoprotection and its associated factors in risk group for skin cancer in Teresina, Piauí^* * Study conducted in Teresina (PI), Brazil.

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract:

Background:

The incidence of skin cancer has increased worldwide, particularly melanoma rates, which had a mean development of 2.6 % a year in the last 10 years. The agreement on the relation between long-term or chronic exposure to the sun and the emergence of these neoplasias has made several workers who perform activities exposed to solar radiation to form a risk group for the development of skin cancer, community health agents included.

OBJECTIVES:

To analyze the prevalence of sunscreen-use-related factors to skin cancer in a labor risk group.

METHODOLOGY:

Cross-sectional study with community health agents selected through simple random sampling. After collecting data using semi-structured interviews, a descriptive analysis was performed for the qualitative variables, bivariate analysis was employed for checking the association between sunscreen use and sociodemographic, occupational and knowledge about skin variables, and multivariate analysis was conducted to check independent variables associated to sunscreen use. A 5% significance level was used.

Results:

Of 261 health gents selected, 243 were able to participate in the study. The prevalence rate of sunscreen use was 34.2% (95% CI: 28.2-40.2). Factors associated with sunscreen use were female sex, advanced age, use of sunscreen in situations when the skin got burnt, knowledge of the negative effects of the sun on the skin and skin cancer history.

Conclusions:

The prevalence found reveals that there is a need for implementing educational strategies in health services regarding photoprotection.

Keywords:
Primary prevention; Skin neoplasms; Sunscreening agents

Sunscreen use	n	%	95% CI
Did not use	68	28	22.3-33.7
Used less than half the days	41	16.9	12.1-21.6
Used in half or most days	51	21	15.8-26.1
Used everyday	83	34.2	28.2-40.2
Total	243	100	-

	n	Sunscreen use				P^* * Pearson's chi-square test (χ2);
		Yes		No
		n	%	n	%
Gender^† † Variable selected for multivariate analysis (p < 0.05)						< 0.001
Male	73	11	15.1	62	84.9
Female	170	72	42.4	98	57.6
Age^† † Variable selected for multivariate analysis (p < 0.05)						0.003
20 to 40 years	129	33	25.6	96	74.4
41 to 63 years
Mean (SD): 40.1 (7.9)	114	50	42.9	64	56.1
Education^† † Variable selected for multivariate analysis (p < 0.05)						0.025
Up to high school	137	55	40.1	82	59.9
Higher education	106	28	26.4	78	73.6
Individual income						0.956
Up to R$ 794.00	181	62	34.3	119	65.7
R$ 795.00 or more
Mean (SD): 869.00 (206.90)	62	21	33.9	41	66.1
Skin color						0.214
Light	23	11	47.8	12	52.2
Brown	149	52	34.9	97	65.1
Dark/ Black	71	20	28.2	51	71.8
Phototype^† † Variable selected for multivariate analysis (p < 0.05)						0.003
Burns easily	126	55	43.7	71	56.3
Burns moderately	60	12	20	48	80
Burns a little. rarely or never	57	16	28.1	41	71.9
Working time						0.214
Up to 10 anos	110	33	30	77	70
11 years or more
Mean (SD): 10.3 (5.3)	133	50	37.6	83	62.4
Work schedule						0.789
Up to 8 hours	207	70	33.8	137	66.2
9 hours or more	36	13	36.1	23	63.9
Time of sun exposure						0.784
Up to 6 hours	123	41	33.3	82	66.7
7 hours or more	120	42	35	78	65
Hour of sun exposure						0.130
Before 9 am	72	33	45.8	39	54.2
Between 9 am and 3 pm	200	67	33.7	133	66.5
After 3 pm	64	27	42.2	37	57.8

	PR_gross	95% CI	p	PR_adjusted	95%CI	p
Sociodemographic variables 1¹ 1 Adjusted for each other;
Gender			*< 0.001^ * Wald's test for linear trend;**			*0.001^ * Wald's test for linear trend;**
Male	1.0
Female	2.81	1.59-4.98		1.18	1.07-1.30
Age group			0.002^* * Wald's test for linear trend;			0.017^* * Wald's test for linear trend;
20 to 40 years	1.0
41 to 63 years	1.71	1.20-2.46		1.11	1.02-1.20
Education			0.022^† † Wald's test Source: direct search			0.059^† † Wald's test Source: direct search
Up to high school	1.0
Higher education	0.66	0.45-0.96		0.92	0.84-1.00
Phototype			0.002^† † Wald's test Source: direct search			0.108^† † Wald's test Source: direct search
Burns easily	1.0
Burns moderately	0.46	0.27-0.79		0.89	0.80-1.00
Burns a little. rarely or never	0.64	0.41-0.99		0.93	0.84-1.04
Knowledge on the skin² 2 Adjusted for sociodemographic and occupational variables;
Sunscreen use when the skin is burned^† † Wald's test Source: direct search			0.001^* * Wald's test for linear trend;			0.001^* * Wald's test for linear trend;
Yes	1.88	1.03-3.44		1.15	1.01-1.34
No	0.98	0.53-1.83		0.98	0.85-1.13
The skin does not get burned	1.0
Frequency of sun exposure off work			0.038^† † Wald's test Source: direct search			0.040^† † Wald's test Source: direct search
Eventually	1.63	1.05-2.53		1.10	1.01-1.21
On weekends	1.68	1.02-2.78		1.11	1.01-1.23
Everyday	1.0
Knowledge of the sun's negative effects			0.027^* * Wald's test for linear trend;			0.004^* * Wald's test for linear trend;
Yes	2.66	1.22-4.80		1.26	1.08-1.48
No	1.0
Occurrence of skin cancer			0.002^* * Wald's test for linear trend;			0.007^* * Wald's test for linear trend;
Yes	2.29	1.47-3.55		1.27	1.07-1.50
No	1.0

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E-mail: revista@sbd.org.br

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[1] Mailing address: Fernanda Ayres de Morais e Silva Cardoso, Rua Anfrísio Lobão, 1.415, ap. 1.101 - Jockey, 64048-230 - Teresina - PI Brazil, Email: fernandaayres@gmail.com

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Prevalence of photoprotection and its associated factors in risk group for skin cancer in Teresina, Piauí* * Study conducted in Teresina (PI), Brazil.

Abstract:

Background:

OBJECTIVES:

METHODOLOGY:

Results:

Conclusions:

Prevalence of photoprotection and its associated factors in risk group for skin cancer in Teresina, Piauí^* * Study conducted in Teresina (PI), Brazil.