Effects of supplementation with omega-3 on insulin sensitivity
          and non-esterified free fatty acid (NEFA) in type 2 diabetic patients

Farsi, Payam Farahbakhsh; Djazayery, Abolghassem; Eshraghian, Mohammad Reza; Koohdani, Fariba; Saboor-Yaraghi, Ali Akbar; Derakhshanian, Hoda; Zarei, Mahnaz; Javanbakht, Mohammad Hassan; Djalali, Mahmoud

doi:10.1590/0004-2730000002861

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Artigos Originais • Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab 58 (4) • June 2014 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0004-2730000002861 copy

Effects of supplementation with omega-3 on insulin sensitivity and non-esterified free fatty acid (NEFA) in type 2 diabetic patients

Efeito da suplementação com ômega-3 sobre a sensibilidade à insulina e aos ácidos graxos livres não esterificados (AGNE) em pacientes com diabetes tipo 2

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Objective:

The aim of this study was to determine the role of omega-3 supplementation on NEFA concentration, insulin sensitivity and resistance, and glucose and lipid metabolism in type 2 diabetic patients.

Subjects and methods:

Forty-four type 2 diabetic patients were randomly recruited into two groups. Group A received 4 g/day omega-3 soft gels, and group B received a placebo for 10 wks. Blood samples were collected after 12-h fast. Physical activity records, three-day food records, and anthropometric measurements were obtained from all participants at the beginning and end of the study.

Results:

Omega-3 supplementation caused a significant reduction in NEFA in the intervention group compared with the placebo group (P = 0.009). Additionally, the administration of omega-3 resulted in significantly greater changes (Diff) for the intervention group in various parameters, such as insulin and Quicki indices compared with the placebo group (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:

Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in type 2 diabetic patients improved insulin sensitivity, probably due to the decrease in NEFA concentrations. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2014;58(4):335-40

Non-esterified fatty acids; omega-3 fatty acids; insulin; diabetes mellitus

	Omega-3 group		Placebo group
	Before		After	Before	After
Age (years)	54.23 ± 1.64	-		53.32 ± 1.45	-
Weight (kg)	69.21 ± 2.84	68.96 ± 2.91		63.57 ± 2.65	63.60 ± 2.78
Height (cm)	162 ± 2.11	-		156 ± 1.37	-
Waist circumference (cm)	86.41 ± 2.33	86.15 ± 2.44		83.66 ± 2.10	83.16 ± 2.24
Hip circumference (cm)	102.54 ± 1.62	101.83 ± 1.66		97.25 ± 1.74	97.22 ± 1.81
BMI (kg/m²)	26.19 ± 0.78	26.11 ± 0.84		25.93 ± 0.92	25.95 ± 0.98

	Omega-3 group		Placebo group	P-value between groups Before	P-value between groups After
	Before		After	P-value between groups Before	P-value between groups After	P-value	Before	After	P-value
Insulin (µIU/mL)	10.68 ± 0.86	8.51 ± 0.59	0.028		7.6 ± 0.59	7.51 ± 0.56	0.695	0.005	0.228
NEFA (ng/mL)	1936.73 ± 90.91	1737.72 ± 51.01	0.09		1929.64 ± 87.43	1997 ± 77.17	0.58	0.955	0.008
TG (mg/100 mL)	156.55 ± 15.25	131.59 ± 12.92	0.076		136.77 ± 21.34	145.86 ± 17.24	0.39	0.455	0.511
Cholesterol (mg/dL)	228.64 ± 12.75	204.36 ± 8.27	0.055		222.50 ± 9.97	215.27 ± 10.72	0.365	0.707	0.425
LDL-C (mg/dL)	107.74 ± 6.81	104.50 ± 5.00	0.634		92.05 ± 5.99	98.00 ± 4.89	0.229	0.098	0.358
HDL-C (mg/dL)	45.45 ± 2.34	43.14 ± 2.31	0.068		45.77 ± 2.04	47.18 ± 2.35	0.260	0.919	0.227
HOMA-IR	4.15 ± 0.47	3.07 ± 0.35	0.011		3.15 ± 0.43	3.02 ± 0.33	0.553	0.125	0.922
QUICKI	0.31 ± 0.007	0.32 ± 0.005	0.002		0.32 ± 0.004	0.32 ± 0.005	0.982	0.083	0.867

	Change in omega-3 group	Change in placebo group	P-value
Insulin (µIU/mL)	-2.17 ± 0.92	-0.09 ± 0.24	0.035
NEFA (ng/mL)	199.0 ± 113.94	-67.36 ± 122.14	0.11
TG (mg/100 mL)	-24.95 ± 13.39	9.09 ± 10.35	0.051
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	-24.27 ± 11.92	-7.22 ± 7.80	0.238
LDL-C (mg/dL)	-2.90 ± 6.01	5.95 ± 4.80	0.256
HDL-C (mg/dL)	-2.31 ± 1.20	1.40 ± 1.21	0.035
HOMA-IR	-1.08 ± 0.42	-0.1306 ± 0.21	0.054
QUICKI	0.0143 ± 0.004	-0.000 ± 0.003	0.009

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[1] Correspondence to: Mahmoud Djalali Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Poorsina Street, Enghelab Avenue 14155-6446 – Tehran, Iran mjalali87@yahoo.com