An excessive level of these species may be harmful as it may overcome the antioxidant capacity. Most evidences for ROS and NO formation in muscle cell are indirect whereas direct evidences are scarce. The present review suggests as an alternative method either fluorescent DCFH, DAF-2 or fluorescamine toward H2O2, NO and O2·- measurements, respectively in muscle cell. In adition, it was concluded that: 1) the "indirect" measurements of ROS and NO in blood sample do not reflect oxidative attack occured in muscle cells during contractions; 2) isolated muscles and homogenates may contain a large amount of endothelial cells, red blood cells and leukocytes which may generate ROS and NO; 3) the fluorescent DCFH-DA/DCFH, DAF-2-DA/DAF-2 and fluorescamine are sensitive in detection of H2O2, NO and O2·- respectively, in muscle cell during contractions; 4) muscle cell culture and isolated muscle fiber are indicated as experimental models to study ROS and NO formation in muscular tissue.
Oxidative stress; Reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide
