Optimization of energy consumption per kg of pure meat by electrical and thermal systems in broiler chicken farms

Jahedi, A.; Zarei, A.

doi:10.1590/1678-4162-12232

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Animal Science and Technology and Inspection of Animal Products • Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec. 73 (04) • Jul-Aug 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-12232 copy

Optimization of energy consumption per kg of pure meat by electrical and thermal systems in broiler chicken farms

[Otimização do consumo de energia por kg de carne pura por meio de sistemas térmicos em granjas de frangos de corte]

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of electrical and thermal systems optimization on energy consumption in broiler farms. Experiments were conducted in 4 different climates (cold, hot, dry, and temperate) with four treatments (4 broiler farms in each region) and 5 iterations (5 rearing periods per farm) on the Ross 308 strain of broiler chicken in a completely randomized basic design. The results showed that the solutions applied in cold and dry climates had a significant effect on reducing energy consumption (P<0.05). In the hot climate, although the reduction in energy consumption was observed after the application of the solutions, the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Also, the application of solutions in temperate climates created a significant difference in the specific amount of thermal energy consumption per kilo of meat and total energy (P<0.05). Overall, the results of the present experiment showed that optimizing the electrical and thermal systems of broiler houses could reduce energy consumption in all climates.

Keywords:
electrical System; optimization; energy; climate; broiler chicken; thermal system

Month	January	February	March	April	May	June	July	August	September	October	November	December
Average of maximum temperature (̊C)	3	4	11	18	20	23	24	26	22	18	10	5
Average of minimum temperature (̊C)	-9	-10	-4	3	5	8	12	13	10	5	0	-2
Average humidity (%)	70	63	50	35	25	20	20	25	25	30	35	65
Number of days with clear skies	13	14	14	13	22	26	24	23	27	21	17	13
Number of semi-cloudy days	9	8	9	10	3	1	4	5	1	6	9	10
The number of completely cloudy days	8	8	7	7	5	3	2	2	2	3	4	7

Month	January	February	March	April	May	June	July	August	September	October	November	December
Average of maximum temperature (̊C)	17.5	20	24.5	33	40	44.5	46.5	46	42	35	27	20
Average of minimum temperature (̊C)	9.5	10	13	20	25	28	31	31	26	21	14.5	11
Average humidity (%)	70	63	50	35	25	20	20	25	25	30	35	65
Number of days with clear skies	14	15	18	17	27	29	30	29	29	24	18	15
Number of semi-cloudy days	9	8	9	10	3	1	1	2	1	6	9	10
The number of completely cloudy days	8	5	4	3	1	0	0	0	0	1	3	6

Month	January	February	March	April	May	June	July	August	September	October	November	December
Average of maximum temperature (°C)	9	12	17	24	29	35	38	36	32	25	15	11
Average of minimum temperature (°C)	-3	-1	3	10	13	18	21	19	16	9	5	-1
Average humidity (%)	45	40	35	35	25	20	20	25	25	30	35	45
Number of days with clear skies	13	14	14	13	26	28	24	23	27	21	19	15
Number of semi-cloudy days	9	8	9	10	3	1	4	5	1	6	7	8
The number of completely cloudy days	8	8	7	7	5	3	2	2	2	3	4	7

Month	January	February	March	April	May	June	July	August	September	October	November	December
Average of maximum temperature (̊C)	14	12	15	18	27	31	30	30	25	23	16	14
Average of minimum temperature (̊C)	5	6	7	10	18	22	22	21	18	16	11	9
Average humidity (%)	82	88	85	82	78	70	80	84	86	88	89	86
Number of days with clear skies	132	88	114	149	207	332	247	205	92	116	58	72
Number of semi-cloudy days	4	5	5	5	4	2	3	4			6	6
The number of completely cloudy days	7	15	18	13	11	6	10	10	18	15	18	19

Chickens’ age (weeks)	Metabolic heat obtained from 1000 chickens (kilowatts)
1	0.4
2	1.1
3	2.3
4	3.9
5	5.5
6	7.7
7	9.9

Energy type (MJ)	A	B	A-B	SEM	P
Specific consumption of thermal energy per kilogram of pure meat	49.28	25.69	23.59	4.085	0.010
Specific consumption of electrical energy per kilogram of pure meat	1.96	1.78	0.18	0.041	0.024
Total specific energy consumption including usable chicken metabolic heat	37.24	15.53	21.71	4.312	0.015
Specific usable metabolic energy	14.00	11.95	2.05	0.230	0.003
Total energy	51.24	27.48	23.77	4.114	0.010

Energy type (MJ)	A	B	A-B	SEM	P
Specific consumption of thermal energy per kilogram of pure meat	8.47	3.39	5.09	3.541	0.246
Specific consumption of electrical energy per kilogram of pure meat	0.90	0.81	0.09	0.034	0.074
Total specific energy consumption including usable chicken metabolic heat	5.05	3.18	1.87	1.808	0.153
Specific usable metabolic energy	5.75	1.99	3.76	1.802	0.186
Total energy	9.37	4.20	5.18	3.574	0.243

Energy type (MJ)	A	B	A-B	SEM	P
Specific consumption of thermal energy per kilogram of pure meat	27.84	11.63	16.21	2.653	0.009
Specific consumption of electrical energy per kilogram of pure meat	3.53	3.40	0.13	0.030	0.022
Total specific energy consumption including usable chicken metabolic heat	20.82	8.38	12.44	2.540	0.016
Specific usable metabolic energy	10.55	6.66	3.89	0.308	0.001
Total energy	31.37	15.03	16.34	2.673	0.009

Energy type (MJ)	A	B	A-B	SEM	P
Specific consumption of thermal energy per kilogram of pure meat	11.01	5.94	5.07	1.263	0.028
Specific consumption of electrical energy per kilogram of pure meat	0.84	0.60	0.24	0.128	0.410
Total specific energy consumption including usable chicken metabolic heat	5.75	3.88	1.87	1.808	0.153
Specific usable metabolic energy	6.16	2.40	3.75	1.882	0.184
Total energy	11.85	6.54	5.31	1.0179	0.020

Energy type (MJ)	A	B	A-B	SEM	P
Specific consumption of thermal energy per kilogram of pure meat	24.15	11.66	12.49	2.451	<0.001
Specific consumption of electrical energy per kilogram of pure meat	1.81	1.64	0.16	0.035	<0.001
Total specific energy consumption including usable chicken metabolic heat	22.68	9.75	12.93	3.009	0.002
Specific usable metabolic energy	10.60	7.42	3.18	0.532	<0.001
Total energy	25.96	13.31	12.65	2.455	<0.001

Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Veterinária Caixa Postal 567, 30123-970 Belo Horizonte MG - Brazil, Tel.: (55 31) 3409-2041, Tel.: (55 31) 3409-2042 - Belo Horizonte - MG - Brazil
E-mail: abmvz.artigo@gmail.com

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[1] *Autor para correspondência (corresponding author) E-mail: a-zarei@kiau.ac.ir