Genetic parameters and genetic trends of conformation and management traits in Dairy Gir cattle

Carvalho, N.S.; Daltro, D.S.; Machado, J.D.; Camargo, E.V.; Panetto, J.C.C.; Cobuci, J.A.

doi:10.1590/1678-4162-12341

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Animal Science and Technology and Inspection of Animal Products • Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec. 73 (04) • Jul-Aug 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-12341 copy

Genetic parameters and genetic trends of conformation and management traits in Dairy Gir cattle

[Parâmetros genéticos e tendências genéticas de características de conformação e manejo de bovinos Gir Leiteiro]

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters and genetic trends of different conformation and management traits regularly measured within the context of the National Dairy Gir Breeding Program (PNMGL). The estimation of genetic and residual variances for each trait was performed using average information restricted maximum likelihood (AI-REML) procedure in AIREMLF90 program software. The population was divided into three subpopulations constituted by measured females (with phenotype records), all females, and males. Linear regressions were applied for each trait, considering two periods of birth (1^st period: 1938-1996; 2^nd period: 1997-2012). The estimated heritability of conformation and management traits varied from 0.01 to 0.53, denoting a perspective of genetic improvement through selection and corrective matings for purebred Dairy Gir populations. The average genetic changes in conformation and management traits were, in general, variable and inexpressive, showing that the selection of Dairy Gir may have had been directed essentially to increase milk yield. The analysis of the two periods of birth indicated that some linear traits present progress (although inexpressive) in the 2^nd period (more recent period).

Keywords:
Zebu; Bos taurus indicus; genetic improvement; genetic progress; progeny test

Data base
Total number of animals with phenotype	9.394
Cow age (months)	29 a 64
Number of animals in pedigree file	7.123
Number of mothers in pedigree file	4.119
Number of fathers in pedigree file	1.223
Number of progeny pedigree file	5.708
Number contemporaneous group	934
Number of evaluators	45

Trait	h²	σ²a	σ²e	σ²total
Rump height	0.31 (±0.09)	4.934	10.871	10875.934
Thoracic perimeter	0.23 (±0.07)	9.529	32.026	41.555
Body length	0.11 (±0.06)	1.660	12.737	14.397
Rump length	0.16 (±0.06)	0.725	3.721	4.446
Width between ischia	0.21 (±0.07)	0.510	1.953	2.463
Width between ilia	0.13 (±0.06)	0.771	5.003	5.774
Rump angle	0.07 (±0.04)	1.814	21.988	23.802
Hoof wall angle	0.14 (±0.06)	0.144	0.899	1.043
Leg position (lateral view)	0.14 (±0.06)	0.141	0.881	1.022
Leg position (back view)	0.01 (±0.03)	0.010	0.636	0.646
Fore udder attachment	0.06 (±0.04)	0.133	2.143	2.276
Rear udder width	0.20 (±0.08)	0.275	1.122	1.397
Udder depth	0.29 (±0.08)	0.533	1.306	1.839
Teat length	0.44 (±0.09)	0.762	0.959	1.721
Teat diameter	0.19 (±0.07)	0.076	0.325	0.401
Temper	0.13 (±0.06)	0.344	2.214	2.558
Navel length	0.53 (±0.09)	3.320	2.962	6.282

Trait	Period	b	%	±SE	R²
Rump height	Whole period	0.04104	0.03	0.00689	0.019
Rump angle	Whole period	0.00877	0.04	0.00361	0.003
Hoof wall angle	Whole period	0.00273	0.06	0.00108	0.003
Body length	Whole period	0.01946	0.02	0.00310	0.021
Rump length	Whole period	0.01754	0.04	0.00251	0.026
Teat length	Whole period	0.00060	0.01	0.00319	0.000
Teat diameter	Whole period	0.00268	0.07	0.00079	0.006
Rear udder width	Whole period	0.01148	0.20	0.00134	0.038
Width between ilia	Whole period	0.01434	0.03	0.00259	0.016
Width between ischia	Whole period	0.00044	0.00	0.00187	0.000
Fore udder attachment	Whole period	-0.00254	-0.04	0.00077	0.006
Thoracic perimeter	Whole period	0.01413	0.01	0.00945	0.0012
Leg position (lateral view)	Whole period	0.00093	0.02	0.00098	0.000
Leg position (back view)	Whole period	-0.00041	-0.01	0.00012	0.006
Udder depth	Whole period	0.01046	0.22	0.00229	0.011
Navel length	Whole period	0.00898	0.09	0.00680	0.001
Temper	Whole period	-0.01303	-0.36	0.00141	0.044

Trait	Period	b	%	±SE	R²
Rump height	1^st period	-0.00259	-0.00	0.00074	0.004
	2^nd period	0.04833	0.03	0.00453	0.037
	Whole period	0.01211	0.01	0.00064	0.056
Rump angle	1^st period	-0.00102	-0.00	0.00026	0.005
	2^nd period	0.01224	0.05	0.00234	0.009
	Whole period	0.00235	0.01	0.00031	0.009
Hoof wall angle	1^st period	0.00055	0.01	0.00009	0.011
	2^nd period	0.00295	0.06	0.00074	0.005
	Whole period	0.00167	0.03	0.00001	0.045
Body length	1^st period	0.00250	0.00	0.00029	0.024
	2^nd period	0.01750	0.01	0.00208	0.023
	Whole period	0.00632	0.00	0.00028	0.077
Rump length	1^st period	0.00080	0.00	0.00023	0.004
	2^nd period	0.02050	0.04	0.00163	0.050
	Whole period	0.00499	0.01	0.00022	0.076
Teat length	1^st period	-0.00097	-0.01	0.00032	0.003
	2^nd period	0.00003	0.00	0.00214	0.000
	Whole period	-0.00021	0.00	0.00029	0.000
Teat diameter	1^st period	-0.00058	-0.01	0.00007	0.020
	2^nd period	0.00172	0.04	0.00053	0.003
	Whole period	-0.00007	0.00	0.00007	0.000
Rear udder width	1^st period	0.00069	0.01	0.00015	0.007
	2^nd period	0.01601	0.28	0.00087	0.101
	Whole period	0.00433	0.07	0.00013	0.159
Width between ilia	1^st period	0.00021	0.00	0.00019	0.000
	2^nd period	0.01870	0.04	0.00165	0.041
	Whole period	0.00233	0.00	0.00022	0.022
Width between ischia	1^st period	0.00247	0.01	0.00021	0.046
	2^nd period	-0.00096	-0.00	0.00126	0.000
	Whole period	0.00328	0.02	0.00017	0.055
Fore udder attachment	1^st period	-0.00001	-0.00	0.00007	0.000
	2^nd period	-0.00579	-0.10	0.00053	0.038
	Whole period	-0.00189	0.03	0.00007	0.099
Thoracic perimeter	1^st period	0.00233	0.00	0.00083	0.003
	2^nd period	-0.00019	-0.00	0.00626	0.000
	Whole period	0.00391	0.00	0.00084	0.003
Leg position (lateral view)	1^st period	-0.00014	-0.00	0.00010	0.001
	2^nd period	0.00167	0.03	0.00066	0.002
	Whole period	-0.00025	0.00	0.00009	0.001
Leg position (back view)	1^st period	-0.00010	-0.00	0.00001	0.023
	2^nd period	-0.00013	-0.00	0.00008	0.001
	Whole period	-0.00001	0.00	0.00001	0.012
Udder depth	1^st period	0.00183	0.04	0.00024	0.019
	2^nd period	0.01590	0.34	0.00153	0.035
	Whole period	0.00356	0.07	0.00021	0.044
Navel length	1^st period	0.00115	0.01	0.00063	0.001
	2^nd period	0.02271	0.22	0.00438	0.008
	Whole period	0.00937	0.09	0.00060	0.039
Temper	1^st period	-0.00060	-0.01	0.00016	0.004
	2^nd period	-0.01272	-0.35	0.00097	0.055
	Whole period	-0.00295	-0.08	0.00014	0.071

Trait	Period	b	%	±SE	R²
Rump height	1^st period	-0.00191	-0.00	0.00131	0.002
	2^nd period	0.00103	0.00	0.03588	0.000
	Whole period	0.00514	0.00	0.00126	0.013
Rump angle	1^st period	-0.00084	-0.00	0.00047	0.003
	2^nd period	-0.03083	-0.14	0.01824	0.022
	Whole period	0.00014	0.00	0.00051	0.000
Hoof wall angle	1^st period	0.00053	0.01	0.00016	0.010
	2^nd period	0.00960	0.20	0.00664	0.016
	Whole period	0.00181	0.04	0.00019	0.070
Body length	1^st period	0.00207	0.00	0.00048	0.016
	2^nd period	0.04377	0.04	0.02040	0.035
	Whole period	0.00572	0.00	0.00057	0.076
Rump length	1^st period	0.00060	0.00	0.00042	0.002
	2^nd period	0.02650	0.06	0.01374	0.028
	Whole period	0.00214	0.00	0.00043	0.020
Teat length	1^st period	-0.00155	0.02	0.00053	0.007
	2^nd period	0.00514	0.07	0.01749	0.001
	Whole period	-0.00144	-0.02	0.00054	0.006
Teat diameter	1^st period	-0.00059	-0.01	0.00013	0.018
	2^nd period	0.00663	0.18	0.00421	0.019
	Whole period	-0.00047	-0.01	0.00013	0.010
Rear udder width	1^st period	0.00061	0.01	0.00024	0.005
	2^nd period	0.01690	0.29	0.00674	0.047
	Whole period	0.00182	0.03	0.00024	0.043
Width between ilia	1^st period	0.00038	0.00	0.00036	0.001
	2^nd period	0.00847	0.01	0.01178	0.004
	Whole period	0.00027	0.00	0.00036	0.000
Width between ischia	1^st period	0.00175	0.01	0.00037	0.020
	2^nd period	0.00080	0.00	0.01005	0.000
	Whole period	0.00265	0.01	0.00035	0.045
Fore udder attachment	1^st period	-0.00013	-0.00	0.00013	0.001
	2^nd period	0.00457	0.08	0.00453	0.008
	Whole period	-0.00043	-0.01	0.00013	0.008
Thoracic perimeter	1^st period	0.00089	0.00	0.00149	0.000
	2^nd period	-0.08025	-0.04	0.04219	0.028
	Whole period	0.00397	0.00	0.00143	0.048
Leg position (lateral view)	1^st period	-0.00030	-0.00	0.00018	0.002
	2^nd period	0.00105	0.02	0.00624	0.000
	Whole period	-0.00067	-0.01	0.00018	0.011
Leg position (back view)	1^st period	-0.00007	-0.00	0.00002	0.010
	2^nd period	-0.00107	-0.02	0.00060	0.024
	Whole period	-0.00011	0.00	0.00002	0.023
Udder depth	1^st period	0.00167	0.03	0.00042	0.014
	2^nd period	0.00323	0.07	0.01275	0.000
	Whole period	0.00076	0.01	0.00041	0.003
Navel length	1^st period	0.00070	0.00	0.00110	0.000
	2^nd period	-0.03090	-0.30	0.02849	0.009
	Whole period	0.00502	0.05	0.00104	0.019
Temper	1^st period	-0.00061	-0.01	0.00029	0.004
	2^nd period	-0.02381	-0.66	0.00751	0.073
	Whole period	-0.00179	-0.05	0.00027	0.033

Trait	Mean	SD	Ideal mean⁽³⁾
Rump height (cm)	136.68	4.89	> 136
Rump angle⁽²⁾	21.97	7.33	27.2
Hoof wall angle⁽¹⁾	4.68	1.15	5
Body length (cm)	103.45	4.68	> 102
Rump length (cm)	44.06	3.21	> 40
Navel length (cm)	10.17	2.76	1
Teat length (cm)	6.70	1.51	± 7.5
Teat diameter (cm)	3.71	1.00	< or = 3.8
Ease of milking⁽¹⁾	3.48	1.58	1
Rear udder width⁽¹⁾	5.76	1.95	9
Width between ilia (cm)	44.94	3.86	> 48
Width between ischia (cm)	18.55	2.49	> 18
Fore udder attachment⁽¹⁾	5.69	1.92	9
Thoracic perimeter (cm)	175.87	7.96	> 175
Leg position (lateral view)⁽¹⁾	5.15	1.14	5
Leg position (back view)⁽¹⁾	4.79	0.89	5
Udder depth⁽¹⁾	4.68	1.56	5
Temper⁽¹⁾	3.62	1.73	1

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E-mail: abmvz.artigo@gmail.com

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[1] ^*Autor para correspondência (corresponding author) E-mail: darlenedaltro@gmail.com