[Bidens pilosa L. (Asteraceae) cultivada no Brasil na doença hepática aguda em cães]

Bidens pilosa L. é uma planta medicinal utilizada popularmente para tratamento de doenças hepáticas. Neste trabalho, o extrato seco das partes aéreas da Bidens pilosa e a silimarina, um fitocomplexo obtido dos frutos da Silybum marianum e comercializado como hepatoprotetor, foram testados em cães intoxicados experimentalmente de forma aguda com tetracloreto de carbono. A atividade hepática foi avaliada por meio dos perfis hematológico e bioquímico, análises histológica e ultrassonográfica. Observou-se que, nos grupos tratados com o extrato seco da Bidens pilosa, ocorreram as menores atividades séricas da ALT e de concentrações séricas de bilirrubina total, enquanto no grupo tratado com silimarina, ocorreu apenas diminuição de concentrações séricas de bilirrubina total. Melhor recuperação hepática também foi verificada para o extrato seco de B. pilosa na dose de 400mg/kg por ultrassonografia. Este estudo evidenciou que o extrato seco da Bidens pilosa atuou de forma mais eficiente no tratamento da hepatite aguda tóxica induzida em cães do que a silimarina.

Palavras-chave:
tetracloreto de carbono; doença hepática; picão

Autoria

A.V.C. Amaral

Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Jataí ˗ Jataí, GOUniversidade Federal de JataíBrazilJataí, GO, BrazilMedicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Jataí ˗ Jataí, GO

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6406-2372

L.M.L. Parente

Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Salgado de Oliveira ˗ Goiânia, GOUniversidade Salgado de OliveiraBrazilGoiânia, GO, BrazilMedicina Veterinária, Universidade Salgado de Oliveira ˗ Goiânia, GO

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6259-6311

E.C. Conceição

Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Goiás ˗ Goiânia, GOUniversidade Federal de GoiásBrazilGoiânia, GO, BrazilFaculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Goiás ˗ Goiânia, GO

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4113-2686

J.R. Paula

Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Goiás ˗ Goiânia, GOUniversidade Federal de GoiásBrazilGoiânia, GO, BrazilFaculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Goiás ˗ Goiânia, GO

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4424-7692

L.C. Cunha

Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Goiás ˗ Goiânia, GOUniversidade Federal de GoiásBrazilGoiânia, GO, BrazilFaculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Goiás ˗ Goiânia, GO

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1525-8528

A.P.A. Costa

Aluna de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal, Universidade Federal de Goiás ˗ Goiânia, GOUniversidade Federal de GoiásBrazilGoiânia, GO, BrazilAluna de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal, Universidade Federal de Goiás ˗ Goiânia, GO

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0386-806X

L.S. Oliveira

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3344-2601

L.A.T. Benatti

Universidade do Oeste Paulista ˗ Presidente Prudente, SPUniversidade do Oeste PaulistaBrazilPresidente Prudente, SP, BrazilUniversidade do Oeste Paulista ˗ Presidente Prudente, SP

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8238-8325

M.C.S. Fioravanti

Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Goiás ˗ Goiânia, GOUniversidade Federal de GoiásBrazilGoiânia, GO, BrazilMedicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Goiás ˗ Goiânia, GO

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4993-5523

E-mail: andreiavcvet@hotmail.com

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Jataí ˗ Jataí, GOUniversidade Federal de JataíBrazilJataí, GO, BrazilMedicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Jataí ˗ Jataí, GO

Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Goiás ˗ Goiânia, GOUniversidade Federal de GoiásBrazilGoiânia, GO, BrazilFaculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Goiás ˗ Goiânia, GO

Universidade do Oeste Paulista ˗ Presidente Prudente, SPUniversidade do Oeste PaulistaBrazilPresidente Prudente, SP, BrazilUniversidade do Oeste Paulista ˗ Presidente Prudente, SP

Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Goiás ˗ Goiânia, GOUniversidade Federal de GoiásBrazilGoiânia, GO, BrazilMedicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Goiás ˗ Goiânia, GO

Figuras | Tabelas

Figuras (1)
Tabelas (2)

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Figure 1
Photomicrograph of a hydropic degeneration area of hepatocytes and necrosis in a liver of control group dog (A); microvacuolar degeneration and hepatocyte and blood vessel necrosis in the liver of a dog of the group treated with ethanolic extract of Bidens pilosa L. (Asteraceae) at a dose of 100 mg/kg (B); focal degeneration of the bile duct and inflammatory infiltrate near a bile duct in a dog of the group treated with silymarin (C); cholangitis in a dog treated with ethanolic extract of Bidens pilosa L. (Asteraceae) at a dose of 400 mg/kg (D), 48 hours after intoxication by CCl₄ in a single oral dose of 2.5mL/Kg. HE, 20X. Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.

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Table 1
Mean values of ALT, AST, ALP and GGT of dogs (n=6) treated for 21 days with starch (400mg), dry extract of Bidens pilosa L. (Asteraceae) (EEB) (100 and 400mg/Kg) and Silymarin (30mg/Kg) after oral administration of CCL₄ (2.5mL/Kg), Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil

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Table 2
Mean values of direct bilirubin (directBB), total bilirubin (totalBB), total proteins (TP), globulin albumins and total cholesterol of dogs (n=6) treated for 21 days with starch (negative control), dry extract of Bidens pilosa L. (Asteraceae) (EEB) (100 and 400mg/Kg) and Silymarin (30mg/Kg) after oral administration of CCL₄ (2.5mL/Kg), Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil

Figure 1 Photomicrograph of a hydropic degeneration area of hepatocytes and necrosis in a liver of control group dog (A); microvacuolar degeneration and hepatocyte and blood vessel necrosis in the liver of a dog of the group treated with ethanolic extract of Bidens pilosa L. (Asteraceae) at a dose of 100 mg/kg (B); focal degeneration of the bile duct and inflammatory infiltrate near a bile duct in a dog of the group treated with silymarin (C); cholangitis in a dog treated with ethanolic extract of Bidens pilosa L. (Asteraceae) at a dose of 400 mg/kg (D), 48 hours after intoxication by CCl₄ in a single oral dose of 2.5mL/Kg. HE, 20X. Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.

Table 1 Mean values of ALT, AST, ALP and GGT of dogs (n=6) treated for 21 days with starch (400mg), dry extract of Bidens pilosa L. (Asteraceae) (EEB) (100 and 400mg/Kg) and Silymarin (30mg/Kg) after oral administration of CCL₄ (2.5mL/Kg), Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil

	ALT	BL*	24h	48h	72h	5d	8d	11d	14d	17d	21d
Control	Mean	38.33^a	266.83^b	419.50^a	334.67^a	236.67^a	161.40^a	130.10^a	64.86^a	64.20^a	61.60^a
	Std. Dev.	6.77	75.68	133.05	83.11	109.73	53.05	102.50	27.70	18.71	12.24
	CV	17.67	28.36	31.72	24.83	46.36	32.87	78.78	42.70	29.15	19.87
EEB 400mg/Kg	Mean	44.08^a	267.33^b	253.67^a	138.33^b	150.83 ^a	118.33^a	74.17^a	65.28^a	60.50^a	58.33^a
	Std. Dev.	16.79	96.64	119.46	32.98	51.09	30.49	12.86	27.80	13.34	25.86
	CV	38.08	36.15	47.09	23.84	33.87	25.76	17.33	42.58	22.05	44.33
EEB 100mg/Kg	Mean	42.92^a	276.58^b	306.83^a	167.33^b	142.33 ^a	144.67^a	144.92^a	99.33^a	86.33^a	79.67^a
	Std. Dev.	10.95	83.32	75.34	79.38	49.01	48.23	68.42	61.58	36.14	40.06
	CV	25.52	30.13	24.55	47.44	34.44	33.34	47.21	61.99	41.86	50.28
Silymarin	Mean	39.00^a	434.17^b	422.33^b	224.33^a	182.83^a	159.17^a	98.67^a	71.50^a	67.50^a	61.50^a
	Std. Dev.	10.88	142.67	70.66	89.76	41.83	52.93	40.44	34.41	20.95	18.60
	CV	27.89	32.86	16.73	40.01	22.88	33.25	40.98	48.13	31.04	30.24
	AST	BL	24h	48h	72h	5d	8d	11d	14d	17d	21d
Control	Mean	34.17^a	253.50^a	327.00^a	207.92^a	196.67^a	132.00^a	107.40^a	53.00^a	65.20^a	47.60^a
	Std. Dev.	13.35	106.53	89.92	65.03	122.53	53.70	26.93	13.75	35.80	7.09
	CV	39.08	42.02	27.50	31.28	62.30	40.68	25.08	25.94	54.91	14.90
EEB 400mg/Kg	Mean	36.75^a	145.50^a	202.17^a	163.33^a	111.07^a	83.72^a	72.00^a	59.00^a	53.58^a	53.83^a
	Std. Dev.	12.11	55.50	59.52	48.36	22.86	29.78	20.78	22.10	12.94	14.69
	CV	32.94	38.14	29.44	29.61	20.58	35.57	28.87	37.46	24.15	27.29
EEB 100mg/Kg	Mean	35.00^a	148.67^a	252.67^a	155.00^a	114.17^a	77.83^a	91.17^a	78.00^a	74.05^a	49.00^a
	Std. Dev.	15.95	66.43	77.15	47.08	32.52	27.68	37.71	24.86	25.79	18.09
	CV	45.57	44.68	30.54	30.38	28.49	35.56	41.37	31.87	34.83	36.92
Silymarin	Mean	31.92^a	224.17^a	254.50^a	181.37^a	114.67^a	94.33^a	83.92^a	75.83^a	58.25^a	57.67^a
	Std. Dev.	7.41	63.81	32.20	27.21	43.48	36.27	28.40	19.65	37.41	31.36
	CV	23.20	28.47	12.65	15.00	37.92	38.45	33.84	25.91	64.22	54.38
	ALP	BL	24h	48h	72h	5d	8d	11d	14d	17d	21d
Control	Mean	24.67^a	216.17^a	246.17^a	172.00^a	167.00^a	99.00^a	79.60^a	66.80^a	41.80^a	37.80^a
	Std. Dev.	6.98	118.67	151.16	123.91	115.31	56.86	64.46	44.21	25.16	30.58
	CV	28.28	54.90	61.41	72.04	69.05	57.43	80.98	66.19	60.20	80.90
EEB 400mg/Kg	Mean	27.17^a	185.00^a	174.83^a	125.00^a	99.00^a	60.83^a	60.17^a	47.83^a	36.33^a	32.00^a
	Std. Dev.	8.13	79.80	76.94	93.23	93.29	44.67	43.74	28.73	13.75	13.19
	CV	29.92	43.14	44.01	74.58	94.23	73.44	72.70	60.06	37.84	41.22
EEB 100mg/Kg	Mean	21.33^a	174.17^a	235.67^a	134.00^a	114.50^a	67.17^a	52.50^a	36.67^a	41.17^a	28.83^a
	Std. Dev.	4.14	46.47	102.21	39.92	49.07	38.50	17.95	7.99	16.93	8.54
	CV	19.42	26.68	43.37	29.79	42.85	57.32	34.20	21.80	41.12	29.63
Silymarin	Mean	28.92^a	237.00^a	176.17^a	143.33^a	95.50^a	92.17^a	62.67^a	49.33^a	42.00^a	30.00^a
	Std. Dev.	8.05	86.21	74.04	74.93	56.79	71.45	19.22	16.08	14.32	9.59
	CV	27.85	36.38	42.03	52.28	59.47	77.52	30.67	32.60	34.11	31.97
	GGT	BL	24h	48h	72h	5d	8d	11d	14d	17d	21d
Control	Mean	6.38^a	11.90^a	12.75^a	8.50^a	9.35^a	6.12^a	9.24^a	6.12^a	6.12^b	8.16^a
	Std. Dev.	0.00	4.16	2.79	4.16	3.84	2.28	4.29	2.28	2.28	2.79
	CV	0.00	34.99	21.91	48.99	41.06	37.27	46.40	37.27	37.27	34.23
EEB 400mg/Kg	Mean	5.95^a	11.05^a	11.90^a	8.50^a	7.65^a	9.35^a	6.80^a	6.80^a	6.80^b	6.80^a
	Std. Dev.	0.66	3.84	2.63	2.63	2.79	3.84	2.63	2.63	2.63	2.63
	CV	11.07	34.74	22.13	30.98	36.51	41.06	38.73	38.73	38.73	38.73
EEB 100mg/Kg	Mean	5.95’^a	9.35^a	11.05^a	11.05^a	9.35^a	8.50^a	7.65^a	5.95^a	5.95^b	5.95^a
	Std. Dev.	0.66	2.08	3.84	3.84	2.08	4.16	4.27	2.08	2.08	2.08
	CV	11.07	22.27	34.74	34.74	22.27	48.99	55.78	34.99	34.99	34.99
Silymarin	Mean	6.38^a	8.50^a	12.75^a	11.90^a	7.65^a	9.35^a	8.50^a	9.35^a	6.20^a	8.50^a
	Std. Dev.	1.40	4.16	2.79	2.63	2.79	3.84	2.63	2.08	0.00	4.16
	CV	21.91	48.99	21.91	22.13	36.51	41.06	30.98	22.27	0.00	48.99

Table 2 Mean values of direct bilirubin (directBB), total bilirubin (totalBB), total proteins (TP), globulin albumins and total cholesterol of dogs (n=6) treated for 21 days with starch (negative control), dry extract of Bidens pilosa L. (Asteraceae) (EEB) (100 and 400mg/Kg) and Silymarin (30mg/Kg) after oral administration of CCL₄ (2.5mL/Kg), Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil

	totalBB	BL*	24h	48h	72h	5d	8d	11d	14d	17d	21d
Control	Mean	0.72^a	1.06^a	1.08^a	1.20^a	1.27^a	1.06^a	1.18^b	0.97^a	1.02^a	1.00^a
	Std. Dev.	0.15	0.17	0.12	0.42	0.46	0.17	0.15	0.24	0.19	0.20
	CV	20.47	16.43	10.85	34.96	36.58	15.79	12.57	24.76	18.22	20.29
EEB 400mg/Kg	Mean	0.62^a	1.04^a	0.97^a	0.94^a	0.94^a	0.86^a	0.88^a	0.83^a	0.82^a	0.87^a
	Std. Dev.	0.04	0.10	0.16	0.20	0.12	0.12	0.23	0.20	0.21	0.24
	CV	6.58	9.48	16.91	21.53	12.84	14.31	26.23	24.17	25.44	28.26
EEB 100mg/Kg	Mean	0.73^a	0.88^a	0.89^a	0.98^a	0.80^a	0.91^a	0.90^b	0.89^a	0.87^a	0.79^a
	Std. Dev.	0.15	0.16	0.19	0.12	0.14	0.10	0.10	0.09	0.12	0.24
	CV	20.99	17.90	20.87	11.89	17.68	11.10	11.58	10.29	13.58	29.97
Silymarin	Mean	0.68^a	1.07^a	1.00^a	0.99^a	0.82^a	0.94^a	0.90^b	0.82^a	0.82^a	0.80^a
	Std. Dev.	0.17	0.18	0.15	0.08	0.28	0.18	0.17	0.18	0.16	0.14
	CV	25.44	16.53	14.52	8.28	34.12	18.81	18.59	22.54	19.62	16.93
	directBB	BL	24h	48h	72h	5d	8d	11d	14d	17d	21d
Control	Mean	0.19^a	0.60^a	0.36^a	0.40^a	0.30^a	0.32^a	0.38^a	0.35^a	0.39^a	0.36^a
	Std. Dev.	0.07	0.25	0.08	0.12	0.31	0.10	0.05	0.12	0.11	0.03
	CV	35.92	41.49	23.40	30.89	0.30	30.91	12.46	34.39	27.96	9.02
EEB 400mg/Kg	Mean	0.20^a	0.37^a	0.31^a	0.35^a	0.30^a	0.27^a	0.25^b	0.32^a	0.29^a	0.31^a
	Std. Dev.	0.07	0.09	0.03	0.07	0.05	0.06	0.07	0.10	0.11	0.08
	CV	37.52	24.33	8.71	21.25	17.79	23.66	29.75	32.27	36.69	25.88
EEB 100mg/Kg	Mean	0.17^a	0.47^a	0.33^a	0.33^a	0.32^a	0.31^a	0.32^a	0.38^a	0.39^a	0.36^a
	Std. Dev.	0.08	0.08	0.06	0.07	0.05	0.05	0.04	0.08	0.10	0.07
	CV	45.52	16.55	18.30	21.83	16.55	17.81	12.81	21.96	25.07	18.79
Silymarin	Mean	0.21^a	0.43^a	0.35^a	0.34^a	0.48^a	0.33^a	0.33^a	0.33^a	0.28^a	0.28^a
	Std. Dev.	0.07	0.19	0.05	0.09	0.24	0.29	0.08	0.06	0.05	0.05
	CV	35.21	44.59	15.55	27.02	50.74	88.63	23.39	17.60	19.16	16.75
	TP	BL	24h	48h	72h	5d	8d	11d	14d	17d	21d
Control	Mean	6.48^a	7.22^a	7.03^a	7.43^a	7.53^a	7.74^a	7.44^a	7.38^a	7.90^a	7.50^a
	Std. Dev.	0.48	0.92	0.68	0.85	0.86	0.53	0.44	1.00	0.62	0.72
	CV	7.46	12.71	9.63	11.47	11.47	6.87	5.90	13.50	7.85	9.66
EEB 400mg/Kg	Mean	6.75^a	6.72^a	6.42^a	6.85^a	7.22^a	7.00^a	7.08^a	7.07^a	7.23^a	7.30^a
	Std. Dev.	0.38	0.81	0.50	0.69	0.97	0.50	0.60	0.73	0.48	0.51
	CV	5.68	12.00	7.85	10.15	13.39	7.11	8.54	10.31	6.58	6.93
EEB 100mg/Kg	Mean	6.77^a	7.03^a	7.02^a	7.18^a	7.32^a	7.38^a	7.55^a	7.52^a	7.63^a	8.03^a
	Std. Dev.	0.49	0.94	1.02	0.66	0.81	1.02	0.55	0.89	1.06	0.46
	CV	7.28	13.33	14.55	9.13	11.08	13.80	7.24	11.82	13.93	5.71
Silymarin	Mean	6.15^a	6.35^a	6.37^a	6.95^a	7.37^a	6.88^a	6.90^a	6.82^a	6.97^a	6.83^a
	Std. Dev.	0.53	0.48	0.94	0.46	0.94	0.60	0.27	0.44	0.84	0.75
	CV	8.65	7.50	14.82	6.61	12.78	8.74	3.89	6.39	12.07	10.98
	Albumin	BL	24h	48h	72h	5d	8d	11d	14d	17d	21d
Control	Mean	2.88^a	2.75^a	3.23^a	3.05^a	2.68^a	2.81^a	2.99^a	3.04^a	2.98^a	2.51^a
	Std. Dev.	0.26	0.54	0.76	0.27	0.34	0.47	0.58	0.38	0.37	0.31
	CV	9.05	19.58	23.51	8.94	12.77	16.60	19.25	12.41	12.52	12.37
EEB 400mg/Kg	Mean	3.09^a	2.82^a	2.92^a	3.36^a	2.79^a	3.05^a	2.69^a	2.77^a	2.99^a	2.98^a
	Std. Dev.	0.30	0.46	0.71	0.56	0.18	0.32	0.39	0.51	0.36	0.25
	CV	9.73	16.26	24.44	16.55	6.45	10.66	14.52	18.41	12.12	8.56
EEB 100mg/Kg	Mean	3.00^a	3.18^a	3.46^a	3.04^a	3.16^a	3.07^a	2.68^a	2.99^a	2.97^a	3.05^a
	Std. Dev.	0.23	0.31	1.10	0.33	0.50	0.51	0.26	0.32	0.37	0.33
	CV	7.52	9.72	31.84	10.69	15.77	16.70	9.87	10.59	12.61	10.84
Silymarin	Mean	2.77^a	2.65^a	3.16^a	2.90^a	2.97^a	2.94^a	3.05^a	3.22^a	3.02^a	2.86^a
	Std. Dev.	0.25	0.40	1.44	0.34	0.38	0.23	0.49	0.35	0.48	0.23
	CV	8.88	15.28	45.64	11.60	12.76	7.66	16.09	10.84	16.04	8.20
	Globulins	BL	24h	48h	72h	5d	8d	11d	14d	17d	21d
Control	Mean	3.60^a	4.46^a	3.81^a	4.39^a	4.85^a	4.11^a	3.71^a	3.62^a	4.10^a	4.16^a
	Std. Dev.	0.52	1.41	0.90	0.86	1.08	2.05	1.94	1.87	2.18	2.22
	CV	14.39	31.56	23.61	19.62	22.27	49.94	52.30	51.82	53.19	53.39
CV	5.95	25.31	23.76	29.68	19.12	17.21	22.03	15.22	11.38	10.06
EEB 100mg/Kg	Mean	3.77^a	3.86^a	3.56^a	4.14^a	4.16^a	4.31^a	4.88^a	4.53^a	4.67^a	4.98^a
	Std. Dev.	0.39	0.71	1.72	0.71	1.09	0.72	0.57	1.06	1.23	0.66
	CV	10.39	18.47	48.35	17.15	26.28	16.65	11.63	23.33	26.38	13.18
Silymarin	Mean	3.38^a	3.71^a	3.21^a	4.05^a	4.40^a	3.94^a	3.85^a	3.60^a	3.95^a	3.97^a
	Std. Dev.	0.65	0.80	2.00	0.65	0.79	0.52	0.52	0.75	0.93	0.81
	CV	19.26	21.72	62.21	15.99	17.87	13.12	13.58	20.74	23.56	20.46
	Cholesterol	BL	24h	48h	72h	5d	8d	11d	14d	17d	21d
Control	Mean	170.25^a	200.17^a	147.17^a	183.50^a	208.67^a	185.20^a	223.80^a	244.00^a	248.00^a	211.20^a
	Std. Dev.	25.03	52.83	27.92	49.71	66.96	24.17	65.49	32.76	53.61	32.81
	CV	14.70	26.39	18.97	27.09	32.09	13.05	29.26	13.42	21.62	15.54
EEB 400mg/Kg	Mean	175.00^a	176.83^a	161.33^a	195.00^a	210.00^a	206.00^a	233.17^a	217.67^a	220.83^a	196.00^a
	Std. Dev.	32.78	59.17	31.95	13.51	84.10	56.59	46.01	46.31	64.66	39.31
	CV	18.73	33.46	19.80	6.93	40.05	27.47	19.73	21.27	29.28	20.06
EEB 100mg/Kg	Mean	186.67^a	196.17^a	175.67^a	207.17^a	244.17^a	253.67^a	221.33^a	192.83^a	213.00^a	210.33^a
	Std. Dev.	24.71	71.41	37.56	59.23	88.60	142.97	36.19	46.15	74.73	53.85
	CV	13.24	36.40	21.38	28.59	36.29	56.36	16.35	23.93	35.09	25.60
Silymarin	Mean	186.58^a	168.17^a	199.17^a	196.67^a	193.17^a	157.50^a	208.17^a	257.00^a	236.83^a	203.00^a
	Std. Dev.	36.15	49.29	69.68	56.82	68.10	62.45	52.88	54.71	45.76	71.62
	CV	19.37	29.31	34.99	28.89	35.26	39.65	25.40	21.29	19.32	35.28

BL - Base Line. Equal letters in the same column do not differ between themselves (ANOVA and t. Test, P<0.05).

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Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Veterinária Caixa Postal 567, 30123-970 Belo Horizonte MG - Brazil, Tel.: (55 31) 3409-2041, Tel.: (55 31) 3409-2042 - Belo Horizonte - MG - Brazil
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