[Eficácia de soluções eletrolíticas orais com diferentes composições no tratamento de bezerros neonatos com diarreia osmótica induzida]

Figure 1
Variations (mean values) in disease score and difference in the body weight of neonatal calves with induced osmotic diarrhea treated with different oral electrolyte solutions (OESs). Diarrhea induction period: -48h to 0h; treatments with 3L of OES: 4h and 12h. Effects of the electrolyte solution (S) and time (T) factors and the interaction between them (S × T).

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Figure 2
Variations (mean values) in pH, pCO₂, HCO₃ ^-, BE, Na⁺, K⁺, Cl^-, and SID₃ in venous blood of neonatal calves with induced osmotic diarrhea treated with different oral electrolyte solutions (OESs). Diarrhea induction period: -48h to 0h; treatments with 3L of OES: 4h and 12h. Effects of the electrolyte solution (S) and time (T) factors and the interaction between them (S × T). ^¶ OES A differs from OES C at 0h. ^§ OES B differs from OES D at 8h and 16h. ^⨎ OES B differs from OES A, C, and D at 24h. ^⨍ OES D differs from OES UEL at 16h, 24h, and 48h.

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Figure 3
Variations (mean values) in the percentage change in plasma volume (%PV), TPP, A_tot, AG, L-lactate, D-lactate, SIG, and glucose in the plasma of neonatal calves with induced osmotic diarrhea treated with different oral electrolyte solutions (OESs). Diarrhea induction period: -48h to 0h; treatments with 3L of OES: 4h and 12h. Effects of the electrolyte solution (S) and time (T) factors and the interaction between them (S × T). ^† OES A differs from OES C at 0h. ^¶ OES B differs from OES C at 8h. ^* OES B differs from the others at 16h.

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Table 1
Composition of oral electrolyte solutions (OESs) used in the study

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Table 2
Disease score based on fecal consistency, hydration status, and behavior, posture, and sucking reflex

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Table 3
Mean and standard deviation (mean ± SD) of body weight (kg), difference in the body weight (kg), water intake (L), and disease score measured over time in calves with induced osmotic diarrhea treated with different oral electrolyte solutions (OESs). Diarrhea induction period: -48h to 0h; treatments with 3L of OES: 4h and 12h

	OES A¹	OES B²	OES C³	OES D⁴	OES UEL
Na⁺ (mEq/L)	100.1	124.6	120.0	95.0	100.0
K⁺ (mEq/L)	18.5	27.7	22.6	8.0	20.6
Cl^- (mEq/L)	60.7	96.8	82.0	65.0	86.0
HCO₃ ^- (mEq/L)	-	55.5	-	38.0	-
acetate^- (mEq/L)	58.0	-	60.0	-	35.0
glucose (mmol/L)	46.0	109.0	23.3	0^a	100.0
SID_effective (mEq/L)⁵	58.0	55.5	60.6	38.0	34.6
osmolarity (mOsm/L)	283.0	402.7	305.6	335	326
Na⁺:glucose	2.1	1.1	5.1	-	1.0
Na⁺:Cl^-	1.6	1.3	1.4	1.4	1.1
pH	6.232	7.952	6.606	6.415	7.502

Score	Criteria
	Fecal consistency
0	Firm: well-formed
1	Semi-pasty: tending to pasty, but still retain their shape
2	Pasty: mild diarrhea, without definite form and with solid components
3	Semi-liquid: moderate diarrhea, with few solid components
4	Liquid: severe diarrhea, with virtually no solid components
	Dehydration degree
0	Absent: moist mucous membranes, skin turgor for up to 1 sec and absent enophthalmos
1	Mild (5 to 8%): moist mucous membranes, skin turgor 1-2 sec and enophthalmos 2-4 mm
2	Moderate (8 to 10%): sticky mucous membranes, skin turgor 2-5 sec and enophthalmos 4-6 mm
3	Severe (10 to 12%): dry mucous membranes, skin turgor 5-10 sec and enophthalmos 6-8 mm
	Behavior, posture, and sucking reflex
0	Alert, standing position and vigorous sucking
1	Lethargic, standing position, sucking present but not vigorous
2	Depressed, preferential or permanent sternal recumbency, slow and disorganized sucking
3	Comatose, permanent lateral recumbency, absent sucking

OES	-48h	-24h	0h	8h	16h	24h	48h	72h
	Body weight (kg)
A	43.18 ± 4.32^Aa	40.25 ± 4.63^Ab	39.22 ± 4.53^Ab	-	-	42.43 ± 4.45^Aa	42.23 ± 5.03^Aa	42.13 ± 4.95^Aa
B	44.37 ± 2.75^Aa	41.52 ± 1.84^Ab	41.35± 2.54^Ab	-	-	43.67 ± 2.46^Aa	43.50 ± 2.72^Aa	43.77 ± 2.42^Aa
C	43.03 ± 2.51^Aa	40.53 ± 2.24^Ab	40.05 ± 1.57^Ab	-	-	42.50 ± 2.65^Aa	42.27 ± 3.21^Aa	42.83 ± 2.96^Aa
D	43.37 ± 6.78^Aab	41.72 ± 6.27^Abc	40.38 ± 6.13^Ac	-	-	41.92 ± 4.85^Abc	42.92 ± 4.96^Aab	43.60 ± 5.63^Aa
UEL	41.65 ± 1.94^Aa	39.27 ± 1.97^Ab	39.25 ± 2.55^Ab	-	-	40.77 ± 2.47^Aab	40.78 ± 2.48^Aab	41.97 ± 2.08^Aa
	Difference in the body weight (kg)
A	0^Aa	-2.93 ± 0.76^Ab	-3.97 ± 1.73^Ab	-	-	-0.75 ± 0.51^Aa	-0.95 ± 1.39^Aa	-1.05 ± 1.25^Aa
B	0^Aa	-2.85 ± 1.35^Ab	-3.02 ± 1.28^Ab	-	-	-0.70 ± 1.12^Aa	-0.87 ± 0.96^Aa	-0.60 ± 1.36^Aa
C	0^Aa	-2.50 ± 1.12^Ab	-2.98 ± 1.13^Ab	-	-	-0.53 ± 0.67^Aa	-0.77 ± 0.71^Aa	-0.20 ± 0.73^Aa
D	0^Aab	-1.65 ± 1.08^Abc	-2.98 ± 1.17^Ac	-	-	-1.45 ± 3.46^Aabc	-0.45 ± 1.86^Aab	0.23 ± 1.21^Aa
UEL	0^Aa	-2.38 ± 1.19^Ab	-2.40 ± 2.06^Ab	-	-	-0.88 ± 1.75^Aab	-0.87 ± 1.73^Aab	0.32 ± 1.21^Aa
	Water intake (L)
A	-	3.19 ± 2.08^Aab	4.56 ± 0.98^Aa	-	-	1.90 ± 1.94^Ab	1.74 ± 1.90^Ab	2.10 ± 2.52^Ab
B	-	3.77 ± 1.20^Aab	4.97± 1.25^Aa	-	-	3.19 ± 1.15^Ab	1.37 ± 0.78^Ac	1.33 ± 1.47^Ac
C	-	3.10 ± 1.36^Aab	3.67 ± 1.43^Aa	-	-	2.56 ± 1.30^Aabc	1.05 ± 0.85^Ac	1.75 ± 1.76^Abc
D	-	3.40 ± 1.17^Aa	4.19 ± 0.92^Aa	-	-	2.53 ± 4.46^Aab	0.87 ± 0.89^Ab	0.91 ± 0.88^Ab
UEL	-	3.46 ± 1.16^Aab	4.02 ± 0.70^Aa	-	-	2.16 ± 1.09^Abc	1.30 ± 1.18^Ac	0.97 ± 1.05^Ac
	Disease score (0 - 10)
A	2.50 ± 0.84^Ac	4.83 ± 0.75^Ab	6.17 ± 0.98^Aa	5.00 ± 0.89^Aab	4.33 ± 0.52^Ab	4.00 ± 0.00^Ab	2.50 ± 0.55^Ac	2.17 ± 0.75^Ac
B	2.50 ± 0.84^Ac	4.50 ± 0.84^Ab	5.83 ± 0.75^Aa	4.83 ± 0.98^Aab	4.50 ± 0.55^Ab	4.33 ± 0.52^Ab	3.17 ± 0.75^Ac	2.67 ± 0.52^Ac
C	3.00 ± 0.63^Ac	5.17 ± 0.41^Aab	6.33 ± 0.82^Aa	5.17 ± 1.17^Aab	4.83 ± 1.17^Ab	3.67 ± 0.82^Ab	2.83 ± 0.75^Ac	2.17 ± 0.75^Ac
D	2.50 ± 0.55^Ac	4.50 ± 0.55^Aab	5.67 ± 0.82^Aa	4.67 ± 1.63^Aab	4.67 ± 1.63^Aab	4.17 ± 0.98^Ab	3.50 ± 1.05^Abc	2.50 ± 0.55^Ac
UEL	2.50 ± 0.84^Ac	5.00 ± 0.00^Aab	5.83 ± 0.75^Aa	5.17 ± 1.17^Aab	4.33 ± 0.52^Ab	3.83 ± 0.98^Abc	3.33 ± 1.97^Ac	3.00 ± 2.10^Ac

[1] *Corresponding author: gc.bregadioli@hotmail.com

Brasil

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[Eficácia de soluções eletrolíticas orais com diferentes composições no tratamento de bezerros neonatos com diarreia osmótica induzida]

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