Serum concentrations of acute phase proteins and immunoglobulins of calves with rotavirus diarrhea

Rocha, T.G.; Silva, F.D.F.; Bortoletto, C.; Silva, D.G.; Buzinaro, M.G.; Zafalon, L.F.; Fagliari, J.J.

doi:10.1590/1678-4162-7965

ABSTRACT

The aim of the present study was to characterize changes in acute phase protein levels according to the occurrence of rotavirus diarrhea in calves in the first month of life. Blood and fecal samples were taken before colostrum intake and at 1, 2, 7, 15, 21 and 30 days of age from 24 Holstein calves allotted in three experimental groups: calves that did not present diarrhea (group A), calves that presented diarrhea, but tested negative for rotavirus in feces (group B), and calves that presented diarrhea and tested positive for rotavirus in feces (group C) (experiment 1). When the animals presented episodes of diarrhea, blood and fecal samples were taken at 24-hour intervals until the end of clinical signs (experiment 2). Serum proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE technique and rotavirus in feces was detected by PAGE. Data of experiment 1 were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's test, considered significant at P<0.05. Data of experiment 2 were subjected to the HSD test. Total protein, globulins, and IgG concentrations were lower in group C than in groups A and B. Ceruloplasmin and transferrin levels were higher in group C than in groups A and B. Serum concentrations of haptoglobin and α₁-acid glycoprotein did not differ significantly between groups throughout the experimental period. Calves presented diarrhea between 10.4 and 14.6 days of age in group B, and between 10.3 and 14.6 days of age in group C. In the moments of diarrhea manifestation, least square means of IgA, haptoglobin and α₁-acid glycoprotein concentrations did not differ significantly between groups B and C, but ceruloplasmin and transferrin concentrations were higher in group C than in group B, as opposed to what occurred with IgG levels. These findings show that optimizing passive immunity transfer of immunoglobulins decrease the likelihood of calves developing diarrhea caused by rotavirus. In addition, ceruloplasmin presents characteristics of a biomarker of rotavirus infection in calves.

Keywords:
bovine rotavirus; bovine neonatal diarrhea; serum proteinogram; ceruloplasmin

[1] E-mail: thaisgrocha@yahoo.com.br

Group	Moments (days)
Group	0	1	2	7	15	21	30
	Total protein (g/dL)				15	21	30
A	4.26±0.32Ac	8.20±1.31Aa	8.25±1.25Aa	7.79±1.24Aa	6.91±0.92Ab	6.67±0.91Ab	6.20±0.83Ab
B	4.29±0.64Ae	8.52±1.55Aab	8.82±1.29Aa	7.98±1.07Ab	7.20±0.95Ac	6.75±0.90Acd	6.42±0.84Ad
C	4.34±0.21Ac	7.66±0.83Aa	7.73±0.80Aa	7.31±0.75Aa	6.41±0.52Ab	6.31±0.52Ab	6.12±0.36Ab
	Globulins (g/dL)				6.41±0.52Ab	6.31±0.52Ab	6.12±0.36Ab
A	2.22±0.29Ae	6.50±1.33Aa	6.40±1.28ABa	5.64±1.27Ab	4.57±0.85Ac	4.16±0.70Acd	3.74±0.55Ad
B	2.19±0.57Ae	6.74±1.60Aa	6.98±1.31Aa	5.78±1.11Ab	4.76±0.86Ac	4.26±0.72Acd	3.87±0.64Ad
C	2.32±0.22Ad	5.77±0.82Aa	5.68±0.76Bab	5.03±0.70Ab	4.03±0.53Ac	3.72±0.37Ac	3.45±0.38Ac
	Immunoglobulin A (mg/dL)				4.03±0.53Ac	3.72±0.37Ac	3.45±0.38Ac
A	87.1±17.8Ae	194±46.1Ad	236±99.5Acd	269±61.5Abc	333±86.2Aab	332±68.8Aab	338±88.5Aa
B	80.2±40.7Ac	208±56.8Ab	224±63.3Ab	299±72.3Aa	327±67.5Aa	312±79.4Aa	353±91.9Aa
C	103±17.4Ac	205±28.8Ab	226±30.1Ac	310±44.7Aa	313±53.7Aa	305±58.6Aa	293±83.7Aa
	Ceruloplasmin (mg/dL)				313±53.7Aa	305±58.6Aa	293±83.7Aa
A	31.5±8.22Ad	24.8±10.8Ad	35.7±13.9Abcd	34.2±11.3Bcd	48.6±17.2ABab	46.9±18.1Aabc	57.5±16.5Aa
B	32.6±7.78Aab	24.9±5.85Ab	30.3±13.3Aab	26.7±9.38Bab	37.9±14.8Bab	37.9±8.63Aab	40.9±18.5Ba
C	32.6±5.59Ab	30.6±6.18Ab	31.4±7.00Ab	49.8±13.2Aa	52.9±13.5Aa	43.7±14.4Aab	48.6±13.9ABa
	Transferrin (mg/dL)				52.9±13.5Aa	43.7±14.4Aab	48.6±13.9ABa
A	265±53.0Ab	379±80.8Aab	376±60.6Aab	423±74.5Aa	329±99.3Aab	348±60.0Aab	309±80.0ABab
B	276±53.8Ab	340±91.8Aab	350±130Aab	408±93.7Aa	328±106Aab	306±75.5Aab	237±99.3Bb
C	280±72.7Ab	382±91.7Aab	412±98.0Aa	447±145Aa	426±98.3Aa	393±65.5Aab	369±56.8Aab
	Immunoglobulin G (mg/dL)				426±98.3Aa	393±65.5Aab	369±56.8Aab
A	529±203Ae	3,792±844Aa	3,554±707ABa	2,952±878Ab	2,069±525Ac	1,700±382Acd	1,395±317Ad
B	611±112Ae	3,829±1,001Aa	3,952±817Aa	2,961±611Ab	2,135±435Ac	1,766±349Acd	1,477±307Ad
C	563±224Ad	3,105±434Ba	2,962±415Ba	2,338±399Ab	1,586±206Ac	1,321±182Ac	1,230±172Ad
	Haptoglobin (mg/dL)				1,586±206Ac	1,321±182Ac	1,230±172Ad
A	6.63±1.91Ac	13.4±5.91Ab	16.0±7.11Aab	18.1±6.45Aab	20.4±5.41Aa	16.3±4.20Aab	16.8±6.87Aab
B	8.34±1.98Ac	12.2±4.34Abc	14.6±5.93Aab	16.4±6.06Aab	17.8±5.22Aa	14.1±2.84Aab	15.0±4.34Aab
C	7.51±2.46Ac	12.3±6.15Abc	15.9±5.50Aab	18.0±3.90Aa	19.4±5.57Aa	15.4±2.70Aab	16.7±5.34Aab
	α₁-acid glycoprotein				19.4±5.57Aa	15.4±2.70Aab	16.7±5.34Aab
A	4.50±2.10Ab	9.52±5.72Aab	18.8±27.2Aa	9.37±4.95Aab	13.0±4.97Aab	12.7±7.07Aab	13.5±7.41Aab
B	3.75±1.80Aa	8.61±4.66Aa	10.7±6.43Aa	11.3±3.58Aa	12.7±8.04Aa	13.1±5.81Aa	13.2±5.25Aa
C	3.05±0.81Aa	11.3±2.17Aa	12.8±5.42Aa	9.94±3.98Aa	12.3±5.35Aa	12.1±7.32Aa	13.0±5.44Aa

Groups	Moments (days)
Groups	1	2	3	4	5	6	7
	Total protein (g/dL)				5	6	7
B	7.67 A	7.63 A	7.25 A	7.18 A	6.97 A	7.08 A	6.77 A
C	7.29 A	7.01 B	6.86 A	6.53 A	6.55 A	6.45 A	6.26 A
	Globulins (g/dL)				6.55 A	6.45 A	6.26 A
B	5.31 A	5.24 A	4.91 A	4.83 A	4.62 A	4.68 A	4.41 A
C	4.83 B	4.55 B	4.48 B	4.19 B	4.03 B	4.07 A	4.02 A
	Ceruloplasmin (mg/dL)				4.03 B	4.07 A	4.02 A
B	48.4 A	43.8 B	39.0 B	36.2 B	41.9 A	44.7 A	50.5 A
C	55.2 A	59.6 A	56.3 A	53.1 A	57.7 A	57.7 A	38.4 A
	Transferrin (mg/dL)				57.7 A	57.7 A	38.4 A
B	424 A	387 A	365 A	347 A	251 B	336 A	270 A
C	454 A	468 A	441 A	423 A	407 A	418 A	387 A
	Immunoglobulin G (mg/dL)				407 A	418 A	387 A
B	2,474 A	2,479 A	2,208 A	2,139 A	2,036 A	2,032 A	1,784 A
C	2,127 B	1,908 B	1,846 B	1,750 B	1,751 A	1,672 A	1,594 A

Calf number	Groups
	B		C
	Beginning	End	Beginning	End
1	7	11	7	9
2	7	13	7	10
3	9	12	9	14
4	10	15	10	15
5	11	14	11	16
6	11	17	11	16
7	13	16	12	16
8	15	19	15	21
Mean	10.375	14.625	10.25	14.625

Brasil

Brasil

Serum concentrations of acute phase proteins and immunoglobulins of calves with rotavirus diarrhea

Concentração sérica de proteínas de fase aguda e imunoglobulinas em bezerros acometidos por diarreia por rotavírus

ABSTRACT