Comparison of radial peripapillary capillary density results of individuals with and without <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> infection

Atilgan, Cemile Ucgul; Yozgat, Ahmet; Kosekahya, Pinar; Goker, Yasin Sakir; Sen, Emine; Yetkin, Esat; Kasapoglu, Benan

doi:10.5935/0004-2749.202200106

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Arq. Bras. Oftalmol. 85 (3) • May-Jun 2022 • https://doi.org/10.5935/0004-2749.202200106 copy

Comparison of radial peripapillary capillary density results of individuals with and without Helicobacter pylori infection

Comparação dos resultados da densidade capilar peripapilar radial de indivíduos com e sem infecção por Helicobacter pylori

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Purpose:

To evaluate the radial peripapillary capillary density using optical coherence tomography angiography in patients with and without Helicobacter pylori infection.

Methods:

This prospective, cross-sectional study comprised 52 patients (52 eyes: Group 1) and 38 patients (38 eyes: Group 2) with and without H. pylori infections, respectively. The radial peripapillary capillary density and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in 4 equal quadrants and 2 equal hemispheres in the peripapillary region were calculated using optical coherence tomography angiography. The optic nerve head parameters of the patients were also assessed.

Results:

The groups were similar in terms of age, gender, and the optic nerve head parameters. The radial peripapillary capillary densities in the superior hemisphere and quadrant were significantly lower in Group 1 than in Group 2 (p=0.039 and p=0.028, respectively) and were positively correlated with the superior hemisphere’s retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively). Similarly, the radial peripapillary capillary densities in the inferior hemisphere and quadrant were also significantly lower in Group 1 compared to Group 2 (p=0.03 and p=0.017, respectively) and were positively correlated with the inferior hemisphere’s retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively). The retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in the nasal and temporal quadrants were significantly decreased in Group 1 when compared to Group 2 (p=0.013 and p=0.022) and were positively correlated with the corresponding radial peripapillary capillary densities of the 2 quadrants (p=0.002 and p=0.022).

Conclusion:

The decreased radial peripapillary capillary density in the H. pylori-positive patients suggests that H. pylori may play a role in the etiopathogenesis of glaucoma.

Keywords:
Glaucoma; Helicobacter pylori; Tomography; optical coherence; Capillary density; Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness; Optic nerve/pathology; Nerve fiber/pathology

Parameter	H. Pylori (positive) (Group 1)	H. Pylori (negative) (Group 2)	p-value
Patient (eye number)	52 (52 eyes)	38 (38 eyes)
Age, mean ± SD year (range)	42.57 ± 10.23 (21-60)	41.29 ± 10.20 (26-60)	0.56^†
Gender: Female/Male	26/26	24/14	0.19^††
BCVA, mean ± SD	0.99 ± 0.01	0.99 ± 0.02	0.29^†
IOP, mean ± SD (mmHg)	14.13 ± 2.66	13.36 ± 1.99	0.15 ^†
Pachymeter, mean ± SD (µm)	534.33 ± 19.74	537.11 ± 21.55	0.53 ^†

Parameter	H. Pylori (positive) (Group 1)	H. Pylori (negative) (Group 2)	p-value
C/D area	0.14 ± 0.11	0.14 ± 0.14	0.81^†
C/D vertical	0.34 ± 0.21	0.29 ± 0.26	0.36^†
C/D horizontal	0.30 ± 0.19	0.26 ± 0.23	0.33^†
Rim area (mm²)	1.74 ± 0.37	1.67 ± 0.37	0.37^†
Disc area (mm²)	2.05 ± 0.40	1.96 ± 0.44	0.41^†
Cup volume (mm³)	0.06 ± 0.06	0.05 ± 0.07	0.76^†

Parameter RNFLT (µm)	H. Pylori (positive) (Group 1)	H. Pylori (negative) (Group 2)	p-value
Peripapillary	113.66 ± 14.15	112.85 ± 11.29	0.77^†
Superior hemisphere	114.19 ± 16.13	111.94 ± 13.12	0.49^†
Inferior hemisphere	113.17 ± 14.67	114.00 ± 11.80	0.78^†
Superior quadrant	133.53 ± 17.94	134.29 ± 22.29	0.86^†
Inferior quadrant	143.23 ± 20.07	148.00 ± 16.49	0.24^†
Nasal quadrant	98.44 ± 11.72	107.85 ± 22.50	0.01^†
Temporal quadrant	71.48 ± 10.02	76.47 ± 10.72	0.02^†

Parameter RPCD (%)	H. Pylori (positive) (Group 1)	H. Pylori (negative) (Group 2)	p-value
Whole image	50.60 ± 2.73	51.40 ± 2.73	0.18^†
Inside disc	51.24 ± 5.00	52.45 ± 4.16	0.24^†
Peripapillary	52.87 ± 3.24	54.18 ± 3.31	0.06^†
Superior hemisphere	52.22 ± 3.33	54.19 ± 3.40	0.03^†
Inferior hemisphere	52.48 ± 3.58	54.17 ± 3.48	0.03^†
Superior quadrant	52.03 ± 4.97	54.35 ±4.42	0.02^†
Inferior quadrant	53.23 ± 4.21	55.55 ± 4.65	0.01^†
Nasal quadrant	54.83 ± 5.33	55.76 ± 6.01	0.44^†
Temporal quadrant	51.55 ± 5.86	52.52 ± 6.38	0.46^†

Parameter	Peripapillary RPCD	Superior-hemi RPCD	Inferior-hemi RPCD	Superior quadrant RPCD	Inferior quadrant RPCD	Nasal quadrant RPCD	Temporal quadrant RPCD
Peripapillary RNFLT	r=0.452 p<0.01	r=0.416 p<0.01	r=0.438 p<0.01	r=0.382 p<0.001	r=0.412 p<0.001	r=0.992 p<0.01	r=0.316 p=0.002
Superior-hemi RNFLT	r=0.371 p=0.001	r=0.371 p=0.001	r=0.328 p=0.002	r=0.286 p=0.006	r=0.287 p=0.006	r=0.704 p=0.001	r=0.241 p=0.022
Inferior-hemi RNFLT	r=0.448 p<0.01	r=0.370 p<0.001	r=0.478 p<0.01	r=0.414 p<0.001	r=0.474 p<0.001	r=0.620 p<0.001	r=0.33 p=0.001
Superior quadrant RNFLT	r=0.325 p=0.002	r=0.351 p=0.001	r=0.260 p=0.013	r=0.316 p=0.002	r=0.247 p=0.019	r=0.649 p=0.001	r=0.237 p=0.019
Inferior quadrant RNFLT	r=0.412 p<0.01	r=0.330 p=0.002	r=0.451 p<0.01	r=0.427 p<0.001	r=0.453 p<0.001	r=0.750 p=0.002	r=0.244 p=0.020
Nasal quadrant RNFLT	r=0.264 p=0.012	r=0.237 p=0.024	r=0.262 p=0.013	r=0.255 p=0.014	r=0.212 p=0.045	r=0.484 p=0.002	r=0.288 p=0.006
Temporal quadrant RNFLT	r=0.390 p<0.01	r=0.347 p=0.001	r=0.390 p<0.01	r=0.309 p=0.003	r=0.432 p<0.001	r=0.397 p=0.001	r=0.241 p=0.022

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[1] Corresponding author: Cemile Ucgul Atilgan. E-mail: cemileucgul@ymail.com