Wisoff et al., 1990, USA(2323 Wisoff JH, Abbott R, Epstein F. Surgical management of exophytic chiasmatic-hypothalamic tumors of childhood. J Neurosurg. 1990; 73(5):661-7.)
|
16 |
0.2-21.0 |
Supratentorial, midline, and infratentorial |
LVA (n=11) VF loss (n=6) Strabismus/nystagmus (n=4) |
Suharwardy & Elston, 1997, UK(2222 Suharwardy J, Elston J. The clinical presentation of children with tumours affecting the anterior visual pathways. Eye (Lond). 1997; 11(Pt 6):838-44.)
|
17 (12 boys) |
1.0-13.0 |
Supratentorial, midline, and infratentorial |
LVA (n=16)) VF loss (n=9) Optic disc atrophy (n=7) Papilledema (n=4) Swollen disc (n=3) Disc pallor (n=2)) Afferent pupillary defect (n=9) Proptosis (n=3) |
Grabenbauer et al., 2000, Germany(2020 Grabenbauer GG, Schuchardt U, Buchfelder M, Rödel CM, Gusek G, Marx M, et al. Radiation therapy of optico-hypothalamic gliomas (OHG) - radiographic response, vision and late toxicity. Radiother Oncol. 2000;54(3):239-45.)
|
25 (14 boys) |
1.5-16.0 |
Optic pathway |
Visual disturbances (n=17) Strabismus (n=5) VF deficits (n=20) |
Baroncini et al., 2007, France(2121 Baroncini M, Vinchon M, Minéo JF, Pichon F, Francke JP, Dhellemmes P. Surgical resection of thalamic tumors in children: approaches and clinical results. Childs Nerv Syst. 2007;23(7):753-60.)
|
16 (9 girls) |
2.4-14.9 |
Thalamic |
Visual dysfunction (n=7) |
Crawford et al., 2007, USA(2424 Crawford JR, Santi MR, Vezina G, Myseros JS, Keating RF, LaFond DA, et al. CNS germ cell tumor (CNSGCT) of childhood: presentation and delayed diagnosis. Neurology. 2007;68(20):1668-73.)
|
30 (21 boys) |
6.0-17.0 |
Supratentorial, midline, and infratentorial |
LVA (n=13) Suprasellar: bitemporal hemianopsia (n=4) Pineal: 1 upgaze paralysis (Parinaud syndrome) Disseminated: mixed VF defects (n=1) |
Santamaría, 2008, Spain(2525 Santamaría A, Martínez R, Astigarraga I, Etxebarría J, Sánchez M. [Ophthalmological findings in pediatric brain neoplasms: 58 cases]. Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol. 2008;83(8):471-7. Spanish.)
|
58 |
<14.0 |
Supratentorial, midline, and infratentorial |
Papilledema (n=17) Optic atrophy (n=14) Nystagmus VF lossPupillary alterations (n=18) Dyschromatopsia (n=4) Amaurosis (n=3); Legal blindness (n=3) |
Wilne et al., 2011, UK(11 Wilne S, Collier J, Kennedy C, Jenkins A, Grout J, Mackie S, et al. Progression from first symptom to diagnosis in childhood brain tumours. Eur J Pediatr. 2012;171(1):87-93.)
|
139 (82 boys) |
0.8-16.7 |
Supratentorial, midline, and infratentorial |
Papilledema (n=50) Nystagmus (n=25) Reduced visual acuity (n=20) Squint (n=18) Diplopia (n=18) |
Pillai et al., 2012, Canada(77 Pillai S, Metrie M, Dunham C, Sargent M, Hukin J, Steinbok P. Intracranial tumors in infants: long-term functional outcome, survival, and its predictors. Childs Nerv Syst. 2012;28(4):547-55.)
|
35 (18 boys) |
0.0-1.0 |
Supratentorial, infratentorial |
Sunset eyes (n=21)Nystagmus (n=3) |
Ghodsi et al., 2015, Iran(2626 Ghodsi SM, Habibi Z, Hanaei S, Moradi E, Nejat F. Brain tumors in infants. J Pediatr Neurosci. 2015;10(4):335-40.)
|
(20 boys) |
-1.0 |
Supratentorial (n=11) Infratentorial (n=6) |
Supratentorial: sunset eyes (n=2), nystagmus (n=2), visual loss/no pursuit (n=2), ptosis (n=1) Infratentorial: sunset eyes (n=5), abducens nerve palsy (n=3) |
Hoffmann et al., 2015, Germany(2727 Hoffmann A, Boekhoff S, Gebhardt U, Sterkenburg AS, Daubenbüchel AM, Eveslage M, et al. History before diagnosis in childhood craniopharyngioma: associations with initial presentation and long-term prognosis. Eur J Endocrinol. 2015;173(6):853-62.)
|
411 |
0.0-9.0 |
Sellar/suprasellar |
Visual impairment (n=161) Papilledema Optic atrophy |
Alswaina et al., 2015, Saudi Arabia(22 Alswaina N, Elkhamary SM, Shammari MA, Khan AO. Ophthalmic features of outpatient children diagnosed with intracranial space-occupying lesions by ophthalmologists. Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol. 2015;22(3):327-30.)
|
26 (14 boys) |
0.1-17.0 |
Supratentorial, midline, and infratentorial |
LVA with disc pallor (n=10) LVA with disc swelling (n=3) Acquired strabismus with disc pallor or swelling (n=4) Acquired esotropia with diplopia (n=3) Acquired exotropia (n=4) Nystagmus (n=3) |
Sánchez-Sánchez et al., 2016, Mexico(2828 Sánchez-Sánchez LM, Vázquez-Moreno J, Heredia-Delgado JA, Sevilla-Castillo R. Presentación clínica de tumores intracraneales supratentoriales (ST) e infratentoriales (IT) en pacientes pediátricos. Gac Med Mex. 2016;152(2):158-62.)
|
51 (28 boys) |
0.0-15.0 |
Supratentorial (n=19) Infratentorial (n=32) |
Nystagmus (n=6 ST) Double vision (n=2 ST + 3 IT) LVA (n=4 ST) Strabismus (n=2 ST) Papilledema (n=1 ST + 1 IT) |
Stocco et al., 2017, Italy(2929 Stocco C, Pilotto C, Passone E, Nocerino A, Tosolini R, Pusiol A, et al. Presentation and symptom interval in children with central nervous system tumors. A single-center experience. Childs Nerv Syst. 2017;33(12):2109-16.)
|
75 (45 boys) |
3.3-11.7 |
Supratentorial, midline, and infratentorial |
Strabismus (n=16) Abnormal optic disc ( n=11) Nystagmus (n=11) Double vision (n=9) Papilledema (n=8) Visual field defects (n=7) Palpebral ptosis (n=6) Anisocoria (n=4) Abnormal pupillary light reflex (n=3) Blurred vision (n=3) "Eyes wide open" episodes (n=3) Loss of stereopsis (n=1) Abnormal eye movements (n=1) Sunset eyes (n=1) Visual loss (n=1) |
Dotto et al., 2020, Brazil(55 Dotto PF, Berezovsky A, Cappellano AM, da Silva NS, Sacai PY, Silva FA, et al. Visual function assessed by visually evoked potentials in optic pathway low-grade gliomas with and without neurofibromatosis type 1. Doc Ophthalmol. 2018;136(3):177-89.)
|
25 (13 boys) |
0.2-7.9 |
Supratentorial/midline |
Abnormal grating acuity (n=25) Nystagmus (n=17) Enlarged IAD (n=16) Abnormal optic nerve (n=13) Strabismus (n=12) Abnormal visual behavior (n=9) |