Life cycle energy assessment and carbon dioxide emissions of wall systems for rural houses

Brunetta, Renathielly Fernanda da Silva; Souza, Samuel Nelson Melegari de; Kormann, Alessander Christopher Morales; Leite, Alexandre Haag

doi:10.1590/s1678-86212021000100492

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Artigo • Ambient. constr. 21 (1) • Jan-Mar 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-86212021000100492 copy

Life cycle energy assessment and carbon dioxide emissions of wall systems for rural houses

Avaliação de ciclo de vida energético e de emissões de CO2 em sistemas de vedação para residências rurais

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Wall systems have a wide range of embodied energy due to the diversity of materials available. This paper analyzes the expenditure of energy and carbon dioxide emissions in internal and external wall systems (IEWS) of a rural residence of social interest in Cascavel, state of Paraná, Brazil. The methodology proposed by NBR ISO 14040 was used to perform a life-cycle energy assessment (LCEA) and the carbon dioxide emissions assessment (LCCO2A) of these systems. Four scenarios were considered: reinforced concrete structure and ceramic blocks wall system, load-bearing masonry with concrete blocks, steel framing and reinforced concrete walls molded on site. As a result, it was found that it is possible to reduce energy consumption up to 25% by opting for reinforced concrete walls molded on site. In regards to CO2 emission, it was verified that the difference is even greater, being able to reduce emissions by almost 32% when opting for this same scenario.

Keywords:
Building materials; Embodied energy; Sustainability

Scenarios	Description
S1	Reinforced concrete structure, ceramic blocks wall system (9X14X19cm) and plaster.
S2	Load-bearing masonry with concrete blocks (14X19X39cm) and plaster.
S3	Steel frame composed of external OSB board seal (18 mm), rock wool (50 mm) fill and internal wall made with gypsum board (12.5 mm).
S4	Reinforced concrete walls on site with a thickness of 20 cm (Fck = 20 MPa).

Type of building material	Embodied energy (MJ/Kg)	References	CO2 emissions (kgCO2/kg)	References
Scenario 1
Ceramics (blocks)	3.37	[1][2][4][6][8][10][17]	0.4	[5][7][11][13][17]
Gravel	0,15	[6][8]	-	-
Hydrated lime	3.3	[1][2][8][12][14][17]	0.94	[5][11][13][14][17]
Paint color	51.12	[6][8][12]	1.64	[11]
Portland Cement	3.57	[1][2][6][8][10][12][14][17]	0.63	[3][5][11][13][14][17]
PVC II ( spacers)	50.41	[6][14][17]	0.45	[11][17]
Release agent	86.13	[9]	-	-
Sand	0.05	[1][2][6][8][12][15][16]	0.01	[5][11][15]
Spackling paste	117.84	[8]	-	-
Steel	21.92	[1][2][6][17]	1.61	[5][11][17]
Wood (air-dried)	0.5	[6]	0.04	[17]
Scenario 2
Gravel	0.15	[6][8]	-	-
Hydrated lime	3.3	[1][2][8][12][14][17]	0.94	[5][11][13][14][17]
Paint color	51.12	[6][8][12]	1.64	[11]
Portland cement	3.57	[1][2][6][8][10][12][14][17]	0.63	[3][5][11][13][14][17]
Sand	0.05	[1][2][6][8][12][15][16]	0.01	[5][11][15]
Spackling paste	117.84	[8]	-	-
Steel	21.92	[1][2][6][17]	1.61	[5][11][17]
Scenario 3
Cement board	3.03	[1][2][6][9]	0.16	[11]
OBS I board	7.5	[6]	0.34	[11]
Paint color	51.12	[6][8][12]	1.64	[11]
Plaster board	5.03	[6][8][9]	0.45	[11][13]
Rockwool	19	[6]	0.69	[13]
Steel profile	32.70	[6][10][9]	1.61	[5][11][17]
Scenario 4
Aluminum	152.94	[18]	3.6	[11][13]
Gravel	0.15	[6][8]	-	-
Paint color	51.12	[6][8][12]	1.64	[11]
Portland cement	3.57	[1][2][6][8][10][12][14][17]	0.63	[3][5][11][13][14][17]
PVC II ( spacers)	50.41	[6][14][17]	0.45	[11][17]
Recycled aluminum	17.3	[6]	-	-
Release agent	86.13	[8]	-	-
Sand	0.05	[1][2][6][8][12][15][16]	0.01	[5][11][15]
Spackling paste	117.84	[8]	-	-
Steel	21.92	[1][2][6][17]	1.61	[5][11][17]

Scenario	Percentage of energy spent on labor and equipment used in the building, maintenance and demolition (%)	Percentage of CO2 emissions from the use of equipment (%)
S1	2.62	1.07
S2	3.02	1.15
S3	0.91	0.05
S4	2.21	3.87

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[1] Renathielly Fernanda da Silva Brunetta - Departamento de Construção Civil | Universidade Federal do Paraná | Av. Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos, 100, 1º andar, sala 25, CESEC, Jardim das Américas | Curitiba - PR - Brasil | CEP 81530-000 | Tel.: (44) 99912-3572 | E-mail: renathielly@hotmail.com