Método de análise para o projeto de edifícios escolares

Pereira, Paula Roberta Pizarro; Kowaltowski, Doris Catharine Cornelie Knatz; Deliberador, Marcella Savioli

doi:10.1590/s1678-86212018000300287

Paula Roberta Pizarro Pereira

Universidade Estadual de Campinas Campinas - SP - Brasil

Doris Catharine Cornelie Knatz Kowaltowski

Universidade Estadual de Campinas Campinas - SP - Brasil

Doris Catharine Cornelie Knatz Kowaltowski Departamento de Arquitetura e Construção, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo | Universidade Estadual de Campinas | E-mail: doris@fec.unicamp.br

Marcella Savioli Deliberador

Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo - SP - Brasil

Paula Roberta Pizarro Pereira

Departamento de Arquitetura e Construção, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo | Universidade Estadual de Campinas | Rua Albert Einstein, 951, Barão Geraldo | Campinas - SP - Brasil | CEP 13083-852 | Tel.: (19) 3521-2390 | E-mail: paulapzr@hotmail.com

Doris Catharine Cornelie Knatz Kowaltowski

Departamento de Arquitetura e Construção, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo | Universidade Estadual de Campinas | E-mail: doris@fec.unicamp.br

Marcella Savioli Deliberador

Departamento de Projetos, Faculdade de Arquitetura e Urbanismo | Universidade de São Paulo | Rua do Lago, 876, Butantã | São Paulo - SP - Brasil | CEP 03178-200 | Tel.: (19) 99140-0230 | E-mail: marcelladeliberador@yahoo.com.br

Parameters:	A		B
1: FDE example with double-loaded classroom corridor2: Precedent example of four classrooms grouped around common study area (increased learning space) 3: FDE example of classrooms without access to external area 4: Precedent example of classrooms with access to external teaching space (transparency parameter)	1	2	3	4
General FDE requirements:
Vertical and horizontal distribution of spaces to be rationally organised	x		x
Compact solutions to minimize earth movement	x
Adopt modular design	x
Circulation flows should be straight and direct, emphasis axis, avoid obstacles and dead-end	x
Reduce circulation areas (max. 30% of the total built area excluding gymnasium and covered play area)	x
Circulation areas with good lighting, preference for natural lighting from stairs and corridor extremities	x
Minimum corridor width according to fire safety and accessibility codes. Distance from any floor level point to stair should be no more than 25m	x
Circulation space distribution to be adjusted to FDE structural modular dimensions	x
Standard FDE windows			x
Classrooms (7.20x7.20m) A = 51.84 m² Min. window area = 1/10 of floor area for lighting and 1/5 of floor area for ventilation. Acoustic isolation for privacy. Openings on opposite walls (cross ventilation)	x		x
General functional recommendations from DQI and teaching styles and modalities:
Good zoning to minimise noise interferences			x
Separate student and visitor circulation patterns		x
Creation of a "school within an school" concept		x
Zoning according to different age levels		x
Learning spaces (alcoves) within circulation areas (corridors)		x
Well-related internal and external areas				x
All spaces are of appropriate size and form for their intended functions		x
Teaching and learning spaces are adequate and appropriate for the specific curriculum and organisation of the school		x		x
Space for independent study		x
Space for peer tutoring		x
Space for collaborative team work in small and mid-sized groups (2-6 students)		x		x
Sufficient space for project-based learning				x
Spaces for technology-based learning with laptops, tablets, etc		x
Spaces for wireless access to allow for online research throughout the school		x
Areas for storytelling (floor seating)				x
Outdoor spaces for naturalist learning (learning from nature)				x
Sufficient outdoor space for social interaction and recreation between students and the community (weekend use of school facilities)				x
Make good use of available space				x
Small decentralised food areas				x
Layout for flexibility and daily space-use patterns		x
Good corridor (circulation spaces) supervision	x
Design with enhanced natural ventilation				x
Design with enhanced natural lighting		x		x
Design with good acoustic conditions			x
Design with enhanced thermal conditions				x
Excessive Solar radiation control				x
Design based on sustainability principles				x
Good indoor-outdoor transparency		x		x
Good indoor air quality, fresh and pleasant throughout the day, using passive means				x
Design based on forms and materials to provide a general overall pleasant building concept				x
Design that allows for social interactions, with an internal environment that offers variety, supports concentration and encourages respect		x
Design with elements that set it apart				x

Design requirements:	Classroom configurations from Figure 4
General FDE requirements:	A	B	C	D	E
Adopt modular design	x
Circulation flows should be straight and direct, emphasis axis, avoid obstacles and dead-end	x
Standard FDE windows	x
Classrooms (7.20x7.20) A = 51.84 m² Min. window area = 1/10 of the floor area for lighting and min. = 1/5 of the floor area for ventilation. Acoustic isolation for privacy. Openings on opposite walls (cross ventilation)	x
Classroom layout with tables in pairs with space for wheelchair movement for 31,36 or 41 students, depending on school size	x
General functional recommendations from DQI and teaching modalities
Learning spaces (alcoves) within circulation areas (corridors)				x
Well-related internal and external areas		x		x
Teaching and learning spaces are adequate and appropriate for the specific curriculum and organisation of the school		x	x	x	x
Space for independent study				x
Space for peer tutoring	x	x	x	x	x
Space for collaborative team work in small and mid-sized groups (2-6 students)				x	x
Space for lecture format with the teacher at centre stage					x
Spaces for wireless access to allow for online research throughout the school				x
Spaces for large group events					x
Areas for storytelling (floor seating)					x
Layout for flexibility and daily space-use patterns		x	x	x	x
Installations for special pedagogical needs	x	x	x	x	x
Good visual connection between indoors and outdoors (views and transparency)		x		x
Design that allows for social interactions, with an internal environment that offers variety, supports concentration and encourages respect				x	x
Design with elements that set it apart		x		x	x
Total number of school projects with specific classroom configurations which attend general functional recommendations	2	7	4	12	10

[1] Paula Roberta Pizarro Pereira

Departamento de Arquitetura e Construção, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo | Universidade Estadual de Campinas | Rua Albert Einstein, 951, Barão Geraldo | Campinas - SP - Brasil | CEP 13083-852 | Tel.: (19) 3521-2390 | E-mail: paulapzr@hotmail.com

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Método de análise para o projeto de edifícios escolares

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