Orientação e mobilidade de usuários com deficiência visual em sistemas de transporte por ônibus e metrô no Brasil

Silveira, Carolina Stolf; Dischinger, Marta

doi:10.1590/s1678-86212019000100301

Acessibilidade / Reportar erro

Brasil

Español English

sumário « anterior atual seguinte »

Sumário

Articles • Ambient. constr. 19 (1) • Jan-Mar 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-86212019000100301 copiar

Orientação e mobilidade de usuários com deficiência visual em sistemas de transporte por ônibus e metrô no Brasil

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Resumo

Orientação espacial depende tanto da informação contida no ambiente quanto da capacidade do indivíduo em perceber e lidar com essa informação. Para poder entender um sistema de transporte público urbano e mover-se de forma independente de um lugar para outro, esse serviço deve fornecer informações acessíveis aos usuários, para que esses possam exercer seu direito de ir e vir, bem como chegar aos lugares e atividades. No Brasil, a informação disponível para os usuários é escassa e às vezes inexistente, especialmente no que se refere ao fornecimento de informações não visuais. Este artigo apresenta alguns dos resultados de uma pesquisa de doutorado que ouviu cerca de duzentas pessoas de Norte à Sul do país. Dentre os métodos aplicados, os resultados dos Passeios Acompanhados são apresentados neste artigo, buscando refletir acerca da orientação e mobilidade de usuários com cegueira e baixa visão em seus deslocamentos urbanos utilizando um sistema de transporte coletivo.

Palavras-chave:
Orientação; Mobilidade; Usuários com cegueira; Transporte público

City	Transport System	Interviewee's Profile	Orientation and Mobility Techniques	Reason	Frequency
Joinville	sidewalks + bus + bus station	congenial blind woman, 36 years old, guide dog	yes, since she was a child	work - home	every week day
São Paulo	station + subway + sidewalks	congenial blind woman, 40 years old, cane user	yes, since she was a child	pleasure	never in that station; but know the subway system and the Paulista Avenue
Florianópolis	bus station + sidewalks	blind man (acquired when he was 20), 46 years old, cane user	yes, since he became blind	pleasure	every week day

	References	Perceptual Channel	Stimulus Obtained	Resultant Information	Potential Meaning
WALKING	sidewalk's slope and ramp	Orienting andHaptic System	inclination of the feet and correction for the body balance axis	crossing of pedestrians	safe place to cross a street
	different textures (tactile floors, type of paving)	Haptic and Auditory System	different sounds produced by the flare of the cane. Feet feel different textures	delimitation of street and sidewalks. Information about tactile floors (change of direction, move on, obstacle, etc.)	possible or safe way forward / inappropriate walking places
	own movement	Orienting andHaptic SystemPerception of Time	Forces of gravity and acceleration, tissue deformation, joint configurations; instantaneous and sequential events	Body balance; direction and (de) acceleration of motion; body positions; duration and rhythm	Relative position in space; speed and pace of movement; direction and distance; notion of movement and actions, notion of sequence; pace and duration of movement
	platforms in stations	Orienting andHaptic System	touch of the cane with pedestrian platforms unevenness and rolling range of vehicles	linear direction, delimitation of spaces	safe place to follow continuously until the place of embarkation or departure from the station
WALKING AND EMBARKED	different sounds	Auditory System	Air Vibration	Nature and location of the sound source (station, crossing, restaurant, school, square, etc.)	recognition and location of nearby and distant activities; dimensions of the environments; location of walls and openings, information emitted by sound systems / applications / presence of vehicles / arrivals and departures, etc.
	different smells	Taste / smell System	Chemicals in the air	Nature and location of activities and spaces (fuel station, bakery, pharmacy, shoe store, etc.)	confirm the location of a place or identify activities (smell of fuel when entering the station or on a motorized street)
	wind	Haptic and Auditory system	Different pressures and temperature felt by the skin; Vibration and sound of the air	Directions, intensity and temperature of the wind, sound of the wind	Vehicle openings (windows and doors), perception of corners; places that are known to receive wind
	sun and shadow	Haptic system	temperature felt by the skin; perception of clarity and darkness (for people who can still distinguish light)	Different temperatures, light and dark	The sides of the street, the presence of vegetation, buildings and vertical / horizontal surfaces (such as entering a station - by the cover); geographical orientation; notion of time
	surfaces of support (dimensions, shapes, levels, texture)	Orienting andHaptic System	Deformation of the tissues, configuration of joints, forces of gravity	contact with different materials; shapes of objects; material state (strength / viscosity)	safe places to walk; preferential seats; tactile track
	motor vehicles	Auditory and Haptic System	Vibration and sound output	Number of vehicles	location of stations, the street, parking lots, fuel stations
EMBARKED	vehicle movement	Orienting and Haptic SystemPerception of Time	acceleration, braking, right, left, up and down	curves, conversions, spines, traffic flow, number of vehicles, traffic lights, crosswalk	location of stations, the street, parking lots, fuel stations.location of the vehicle, proximity to reference points (may be revealed by number of spines or conversions, for example)
EMBARKED	vehicle access / exit door / preferred seat	Orienting, Auditory and Haptic System	sound shadow, air movement, ratchet sound, driver's speech and movements	perception of the driver's location, ratchet, vehicle entry and exit	place to go, sit and go

Associação Nacional de Tecnologia do Ambiente Construído - ANTAC Av. Osvaldo Aranha, 93, 3º andar, 90035-190 Porto Alegre/RS Brasil, Tel.: (55 51) 3308-4084, Fax: (55 51) 3308-4054 - Porto Alegre - RS - Brazil
E-mail: ambienteconstruido@ufrgs.br

Acompanhe os números deste periódico no seu leitor de RSS

[1] Carolina Stolf Silveira

Doutora pelo Programa de Pós Graduação em Arquitetura e Urbanismo | Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina | Rua Anita Garibaldi, 770 | Joinville - SC - Brasil | CEP 89203-300 | Tel.: (47) 99133-0478 | E-mail: carolinastolf@gmail.com