Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the effects of treatment with Indigo Carmine (IC) on rat livers subjected to ischemia-reperfusion injury. Methods The animals were subdivided into 4 groups: 1.SHAM group(SH) - saline; 2.SHAM group with IC-2mg/Kg(SHIC); 3.IR group - rats submitted to ischemia and reperfusion with saline(IR); 4.IR group with IC-2mg/Kg(IRIC). The IR protocol consists of liver exposure and administration of drug or saline intravenously, followed by 60 minutes of ischemia and 15 of reperfusion. Liver samples were collected for biochemical analysis. Results State 3 of mitochondrial respiration showed a significant worsening of the IRIC group in relation to all others. State 4 showed a difference between IRIC and SHIC. The Respiratory Control Ratio showed statistical decrease in IR and IRIC versus Sham. The osmotic swelling showed significant difference between SHxIR; SHICxIRIC and SHxIRIC. There was a significant increase in ALT in the IRIC group in relation to all the others. Concerning the nitrate dosage, there was a decrease in the group treated with IC(IRxIRIC). There was no difference regarding the dosage of Malondialdehyde. Conclusion IC was not able to protect mitochondria from IR injury and proved to be a potentiating agent, acting in synergy with the IR injury promoting damage to the hepatocyte membranes.

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Abstract Purpose: To evaluate protective effects of dexmedetomidine, calcitriol and their combination. Methods: Forty Wistar-albino rats were divided into 4 groups; group of Sham (Group Sham); group of dexmedetomidine (Group DEX); group of calcitriol (Group CAL) and group of dexmedetomidineandcalcitriol (Group DEX-CAL). Photographic analysis was used for macroscopic analysis and perfusion analyses were evaluated by scintigraphy. Additionally, tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) and total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant activity (TAS) were recorded and oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated. Each flap was assessed by histopathology. Results: Compared to Group Sham, the viable flap areas were higher in all treatment groups both by photographic image analyses and perfusion analyses (p<0.05). Group DEX-CAL had the highest viable flap percentage both in scintigraphic and photographic analyses; whereas Group Sham had the lowest viable flap percentage. Similarly, TAS and MDA levels were elevated and TOS levels were declined in all treatment groups compared to Group Sham (p<0.005). Histopathological analysis at flap demarcation zone confirmed neovascularization was significantly higher and edema, necrosis and inflammation were significantly lower in all treatment groups compared to Group Sham. Conclusion: The outcomes show that additional premedication with either dexmedetomidine or calcitriol or their combination reduces ischemia-reperfusion injury of flap area and show significant increase in the percentage of viable flap tissue.

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Abstract Purpose: To investigate the role of omeprazole and nitrites on the gastric mucosa of rats submitted to specific techniques to induce duodenogastric reflux. Methods: One hundred and twenty Wistar rats were divided into three groups: Group I (n=40) -gastrotomy; Group II (n=40) - duodenogastric reflux after gastrojejunoanastomosis latero-lateral (DGR); Group III (n=40) - retrograde duodenogastric reflux through the pylorus (DGR-P). The groups were divided into 4 subgroups of 10 animals, respectively treated for 16 weeks with water, omeprazole 1.6 mg / rat / day, nitrite 600 mg / kg / day and omeprazole plus nitrite simultaneously. Results: The proliferative lesions found were: squamous hyperplasia - 69.1%, adenomatous hyperplasia in the anastomosis - 29.1% and prepyloric adenomatous hyperplasia - 42.5%. Adenocarcinomas were registered in 7 animals (5.8%): one in Group I (omeprazole plus nitrite), two in Group II (omeprazole and nitrite plus omeprazole) and four in Group III (water, nitrite, omeprazole and omeprazole plus nitrite). Conclusions: The occurrence of squamous hyperplasia, adenomatous hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma increased after gastrojejunal anastomoses, which cause duodenogastric reflux. The association of omeprazole did not protect the development of proliferative lesions and cancer induced by duodenogastric reflux in rats.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the viability of the upper (UP) and lower pole (LP) of the spleen from a macro and microscopic point of view, after subtotal splenectomy with preservation (SSP) of the UP and the LP. Methods Seventeen male Wistar rats, two months old, were submitted to SSPUP and SSPLP and 5 to simulated operation (SG). After 80 days, the rats were euthanized, and the remaining LP and UP and intact spleens were evaluated macroscopically and microscopically. Results Two rats died during the operation. Macroscopic analysis showed that in 15 LP, one of them was not viable and in 15 UP and in 5 spleens in the SG, all were viable. In the statistical analysis, there was no difference in relation to viability. The LP and UP analyzed showed variation. As for the length, the UP increased significantly; however, in relation to the width, there was a significant increase in the LP in relation to the UP. In addition, the weight of the UP was significantly greater than that of the LP. Microscopic analysis attested viability of the splenic remnants. Conclusion There was no significant difference regarding the viability of UP and LP, in macroscopy and microscopy.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Purpose To determine the nephroprotective effect of NAC and Montelukast Sodium administration against the development of renal damage associated with long warm renal ischemia. Methods Twenty-seven rats were randomly divided into 3 study groups, which received NAC, montelukast and placebo, and 3 rats were included in the sham-treated control group. Medications were given 3 days before the procedure. DMSA renal scintigraphy was performed before and after surgery. The right renal pedicle was occluded for 45 min to induce ischemia and then subjected to reperfusion for 6 h (I/R groups). Results On pathological examination, the mean pathological scores of the montelukast and NAC groups were significantly lower than those of the placebo group. (p <0.05). In biochemical examination, significant differences were found in all parameter levels between the placebo group and the montelukast and NAC groups. (p <0.05) When postoperative DMSA renal scintigraphy measurements and renal function levels were compared, significant differences were found between the montelukast and NAC groups and the placebo and sham groups. Conclusion The administration of NAC and montelukast sodium was seen to have a nephroprotective effect against the development of renal damage associated with warm renal ischemia.

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Abstract Purpose: The current study explored the involvement of neurogenic pathway-linked cholecystokinin (CCK) release in RIP-induced cardioprotection in rats. Methods: Male Wistar rats were subjected to four cycles of alternate episodes of ischemia and reperfusion (five min each) to induce RIP. Thereafter, the hearts were subjected to global ischemia and reperfusion ex vivo. The myocardial damage was assessed by quantifying the levels of heartspecific biochemicals i.e. LDH-1, CK-MB and cTnT. Apoptotic cell injury was assessed by measuring the levels of caspase-3 and Bcl-2. The levels of CCK were measured in the plasma following RIP. Results: Exposure to RIP significantly increased the plasma levels of CCK and attenuated IR-induced myocardial injury. Administration of CCK antagonist, proglumide significantly attenuated RIP-induced cardioprotection. Administration of hexamethonium, a ganglion blocker, abolished RIP-induced increase in plasma CCK levels and cardioprotective effects. Exogenous delivery of CCK-8 restored the effects of RIP in hexamethonium treated animals. Conclusion: RIP activates the neurogenic pathway that may increase the plasma levels of CCK, which may act on the heart-localized CCK receptors to produce cardioprotection against I/R injury.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Purpose To compare the operative outcomes of laparoscopic surgical treatment for bowel endometriosis in a public teaching hospital versus in a private referral hospital. Methods The indications for surgery, type and time of operation, length of hospital stay, need for a temporary stoma, rate of conversion to open surgery, and postoperative complications were evaluated. Results One hundred eighty-one patients were included (150 patients, 82.9%, in a private hospital). In the private hospital, there were more patients with infertility [56% vs. 29%; P=0.01] as an indication for surgery) and segmental resection was more common in the private hospital (48% vs. 29%, p=0.05). The average operative time (211.9±83.4 minutes vs. 128 ± 55 minutes, p<0.001) as well as the length of hospital stay (3.97±1.7 days vs. 1.56±0.85 days, p<0.001) was higher in the public hospital; the rate of conversion to open surgery was significantly lower in the private hospital (2% vs. 32.3%, p<0.001). Operations performed at the public hospital were associated with higher rates of postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo II and II) (38.7% x 11.3%, p=0.021; OR 3.2, CI 95% 1.2-8.0). Conclusion Laparoscopic surgery in private centers was associated with reductions in major complications, surgical times, lengths of stay and rates of conversion to open surgery compared to that in public teaching hospitals.

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Abstract Purpose To assess the effect of antibiotic prophylaxis on surgical site infection (SSI) rates in women undergoing breast cancer surgery in two tertiary hospitals in Brazil. Methods This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group clinical trial. A total of 124 women without independent risk factors for SSI were randomly assigned to receive either cefazolin (antibiotic group, n = 62) or placebo (control group, n = 62) as preoperative prophylaxis. After surgery, all surgical wounds were examined once a week, for four weeks, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention definitions and classifications for SSI. Results Baseline characteristics were homogeneous between the two groups. Only one patient in the antibiotic group developed SSI, which was classified as superficial incisional. The overall SSI rate was low, with no significant difference between groups. Conclusion Antibiotic prophylaxis had no significant effect on reducing SSI rates in women without independent risk factors for SSI undergoing breast cancer surgery.