|
(1)
|
Anchors and feedback Information on the case (interview, imaging examination, and clinical history) |
56 natural voices Parameters: roughness, breathiness, asthenia, strain, and instability |
58.33 minutes (mean) |
Not performed |
|
(2)
|
Anchors and feedback |
12 synthesized and 12 natural voices Parameters: pitch, timbre, loudness, roughness, breathiness, asthenia, tremor, and instability |
Not reported |
Not performed |
|
(3)
|
Feedback |
10 deviated natural voices. Parameter: overall degree |
Not reported |
Not performed |
|
(8)
|
Anchors and feedback |
20 duplicated voices, natural and synthesized, normal and deviated Parameters: roughness and breathiness |
30 minutes |
Not performed |
|
(9)
|
Anchors and feedback |
57 synthesized voices Parameters: Breathiness |
4 hours |
Not performed |
|
(10)
|
Anchors and feedback |
30 natural voices: 15 samples of anchor voices and 15 used as training stimuli Parameters: overall degree, roughness, and breathiness |
2 hours |
Not performed |
|
(11)
|
Auditory anchors and auditory and textual cues |
36 natural voices Parameters: degree of deviation, roughness, and breathiness |
15-20 minutes |
Not performed |
|
(12)
|
Lectures, anchors, and feedback. |
23 natural voices in 82 presentations Parameter: resonance |
2 hours |
Not performed |
|
(13)
|
Anchors and feedback |
6 synthesized voices in 36 presentations Parameter: breathiness |
15 minutes |
Not performed |
|
(14)
|
Visual anchors (spectrogram) |
107 deviated natural voices Parameters: overall degree, roughness, breathiness, asthenia, and strain |
Four 20-minute sessions |
Not performed |
|
(15)
|
Classes, anchors, proprioception, group discussion, feedback |
14 deviated natural voices + two repetitions Parameters: degree of deviation, diplophonia, pitch, strain, instability, breathiness |
50 minutes |
Not performed |
|
(16)
|
Anchors and feedback |
84 natural voices, normal and deviated. Parameter: overall degree |
Not reported |
Not performed |
|
(17)
|
Textual and auditory anchors and feedback |
30 natural voices Parameters: overall degree, roughness, a nd breathiness |
Not reported |
Not performed |
|
(18)
|
Anchors and feedback |
40 natural voices Parameters: overall degree, roughness, breathiness, strain, asthenia, pitch, and loudness |
Not reported |
Not performed |
|
(19)
|
Anchors and feedback |
Natural voices (unspecified number of voices used in training) Parameter: resonance |
Not reported |
Not performed |
|
(20)
|
APA with and without repetition of anchor stimuli |
220 natural voices Parameters: roughness, breathiness, and strain |
Two sessions: 1st: 1 hour and 10 minutes 2nd: 42 minutes |
Not performed |
|
(21)
|
Feedback. Information on the case (interview, imaging examination, and clinical history) |
20 natural voices in increasing order of deviation Parameters: degree of deviation, pitch, loudness, breathiness, roughness, frequency, strain, instability |
Not reported |
Not performed |
|
(22)
|
Feedback |
20 natural voices: two normal and 18 deviated ones Parameters: roughness and breathiness |
50 minutes |
Not performed |
|
(23)
|
Feedback |
32 natural voices + extra voices chosen by the students (unspecified number) Parameters: overall degree, roughness, breathiness, asthenia, and strain |
Nine 15-minute sessions |
Not performed |
|
(24)
|
Auditory- and/or visual-perceptual feedback (spectrogram) |
24 natural voices Parameters: overall degree, roughness, and breathiness |
2 hours divided into four 20-minute sessions |
Not performed |
|
(25)
|
Feedback |
20 natural voices Parameters: degree of deviation, roughness, breathiness, asthenia, and strain |
5 hours |
Not performed |
|
(26)
|
Review with samples of voices with different qualities |
25 natural voices Parameters: degree of deviation, roughness, breathiness, strain, pitch, and loudness |
10-15 minutes |
Not performed |
|
(27)
|
APA with consensus |
Natural voices (unspecified number of voices used in training) Parameter: resonance |
Not reported |
Not performed |