Adrian et al. (2011)(1313 Adrián JA, González M, Buiza JJ, Sage K. Extending the use of Spanish Computer-assisted Anomia Rehabilitation Program (CARP-2) in people with aphasia. J Commun Disord. 2011;44(6):666-77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomdis.2011.06.002. PMid:21794873. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomdis.2011...
)
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15 aphasic: 5 with mixed aphasia, 2 with Broca's aphasia, 4 with Wernicke's aphasia, 3 with anomic aphasia and 1 with conduction aphasia. |
Word retrieval therapy. |
200 items (objects and actions) were applied through the Spanish Computer-assisted Anomia Rehabilitation Program (CARP-2). Three types of tasks were used: picture naming; picture naming with unrelated distractor; picture naming with a semantic or visual distractor. |
All participants showed significant benefits in naming skills after therapy. Most were able to name untreated items. |
Akanuma et al. (2014)(1414 Akanuma K, Meguro K, Satoh M, Tashiro M, Itoh M. Singing can improve speech function in aphasics associated with intact right basal ganglia and preserve right temporal glucose metabolism: implications for singing therapy indication. Int J Neurosci. 2016;126(1):39-45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00207454.2014.992068. PMid:25567372. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00207454.2014....
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10 aphasic patients: 7 with Broca's aphasia and 3 with unidentified aphasia. |
Singing therapy. |
A familiar melody was used with new lyrics, containing words that the participants could not name during assessment. Subsequently, picture naming training was carried out. |
Half of the subjects improved their speech function after training; the therapy resulted in semantic memory effects, and enabled subjects to speak using words from the song. |
Altmann et al. (2014)(1515 Altmann LJP, Hazamy AA, Carvajal PJ, Benjamin M, Rosenbek JC, Crosson B. Delayed stimulus-specific improvements in discourse following anomia treatment using an intentional gesture. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2014;57(2):439-54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2013/12-0224). PMid:24129014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2013...
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14 aphasics: 5 with conduction aphasia, 5 with anomic aphasia, 3 with Broca's aphasia and 1 with motor transcortical aphasia. |
Word retrieval therapy using intentional gestures. |
Participants were divided into two groups. Both groups received treatment for anomia, which consisted of three phases: naming 50 photos; subjects trained in naming 50 different photos; generation of one example for each of 40 different categories. Only in one of the groups were intentional left gestures incorporated into the therapy. |
Both groups improved naming of trained items and untrained items, and had significant improvements in speech. The group of gestures presented greater generalization of the treatment to their speech. |
Best et al. (2011)(1616 Best W, Grassly J, Greenwood A, Herbert R, Hickin J, Howard D. A controlled study of changes in conversation following aphasia therapy for anomia. Disabil Rehabil. 2011;33(3):229-42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/09638288.2010.534230. PMid:21128833. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/09638288.2010....
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13 aphasics: 3 with Broca's aphasia, 4 with anomic aphasia, 1 with mixed aphasia and 5 with unspecified non-fluent aphasia. |
Word retrieval therapy. |
Pre- and post-treatment evaluations were carried out with 200 pictures for the purposes of naming and conversation with a partner (which was recorded). Therapies involved cues to improve noun retrieval (100 items). If participants did not name the picture after 5 seconds, they received progressive cues or were shown the word and had to repeat it in the presence of the picture. Participants should also record 10 minutes of conversation throughout the day. |
There was a significant improvement in word retrieval in picture naming, as well as in the number of nouns produced in 5 minutes and during conversation. |
Best et al. (2013)(1717 Best W, Greenwood A, Grassly J, Herbert R, Hickin J, Howard D. Aphasia rehabilitation: does generalisation from anomia therapy occur and is it predictable? A case series study. Cortex. 2013;49(9):2345-57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2013.01.005. PMid:23608067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2013....
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16 aphasics: 4 with Broca's aphasia, 5 with anomic aphasia, 2 with Wernicke's aphasia, 4 with unspecified non-fluent aphasia and 1 with unspecified fluent aphasia. |
Word retrieval therapy. |
8 participants could choose between phonological cues or orthographic cues in the treatment, while the other 8 individuals received phonological and orthographic cues. Progressive cues were provided to facilitate the naming task. In addition, if they still could not name the picture, the participants were given the word to repeat it in the presence of the picture. |
The majority of participants had a significant improvement in naming the treated items. Only subjects with less semantic difficulty and with more phonological deficit generalized to untreated items. |
Carragher et al. (2013)(1818 Carragher M, Sage K, Conroy P. The effects of verb retrieval therapy for people with non-fluent aphasia: evidence from assessment tasks and conversation. Neuropsychol Rehabil. 2013;23(6):846-87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09602011.2013.832335. PMid:24028211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09602011.2013....
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9 non-fluent chronic aphasics (unspecified). |
Word retrieval therapy. |
80 verbs were divided into treatment set and control set. The participants received a multi-component verb retrieval therapy, consisting of semantic feature analysis, gesture production and phonemic cueing. |
The participants obtained significant and sustained gains in naming the treated verbs. In untreated verbs, the effects were more modest. In conversation, 3 participants obtained greater verb retrieval, in addition to qualitative changes related to the syntactic contexts of the retrieved verbs. |
Carragher et al. (2015)(1919 Carragher M, Sage K, Conroy P. Outcomes of treatment targeting syntax production in people with Broca’s-type aphasia: Evidence from psycholinguistic assessment tasks and everyday conversation. Int J Lang Commun Disord. 2015;50(3):322-36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1460-6984.12135. PMid:25727236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1460-6984.1213...
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9 individuals with Broca's aphasia. |
Word retrieval therapy. |
The intervention was divided into 3 levels. To familiarize the participants with the syntactic structure, a comprehension task was first performed, administered only at the beginning of levels 1 and 2. At level 1, an action picture was shown and participants were asked to produce a reduced syntactic (agent-verb) construct. Level 2 largely replicated Level 1, with the addition of a theme. Level 3 expanded the three-constituent constructions with the addition of adverbial phrases; Homework tasks were used to complement the therapy. |
The treatment was effective in sentence construction tasks for both trained and untrained sentences. In addition, there were some generalizations to narrative retell tasks, but little evidence in everyday conversation. |
Choe et al. (2015)(2020 Choe YK, Foster T, Asselin A, LeVander M, Baird J. Cognitive-linguistic effort in multidisciplinary stroke rehabilitation: decreasing vs. increasing cues for word retrieval. Neuropsychol Rehabil. 2015;27(3):318-48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09602011.2015.1078820. PMid:26366476. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09602011.2015....
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2 aphasics: 1 with transcortical motor aphasia and 1 with Broca's aphasia. |
Word retrieval therapy. |
36 target items were selected for each participant. In the presence of the target picture, the participants received increasing and decreasing cues, involving semantic and phonemic cues, first letter, written word and verb naming models. In addition, upper limb tasks were performed. |
Both participants presented better performance on trained items, upon presentation of decreasing cues. |
Conroy et al. (2012)(2121 Conroy P, Scowcroft J. Decreasing cues for a dynamic list of noun and verb naming targets: a case-series aphasia therapy study. Neuropsychol Rehabil. 2012;22(2):295-318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09602011.2011.641434. PMid:22247981. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09602011.2011....
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4 aphasics with difficulty in word retrieval. |
Word retrieval therapy. |
At each therapy session, 10 target words were introduced, in a total of 100 items (50 nouns and 50 verbs) for 10 sessions. Decreasing hierarchy of cues was used to foster naming accuracy. |
All participants achieved significant improvements in naming accuracy for treated items at baseline when compared to control items. |
Dignam et al. (2016)(2222 Dignam J, Copland D, Rawlings A, O’Brien K, Burfein P, Rodriguez AD. The relationship between novel word learning and anomia treatment success in adults with chronic aphasia. Neuropsychologia. 2016;81:186-97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.12.026. PMid:26724545. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychol...
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28 unspecified aphasics. |
Word retrieval therapy. |
Participants performed a 48-hour program of intensive and distributed treatment: 14 hours of commitment therapy (30 items treated using analysis of semantic and phonological features), 14 hours of functional therapy (practice of strategies and communication skills, such as dramatization and script training), 14 hours of computer therapy (reinforcement of commitment therapy items) and 6 hours of psychosocial therapy (in a group). |
23 participants had significant improvement in naming accuracy for the treated items. In 8 subjects, there were significant improvements in naming accuracy for untreated items. Learning new words enhanced gains in anomia habilitation. In addition, intensity of the therapy did not influence the results of the treatment. |
Dignam et al. (2017)(2323 Dignam J, Copland D, O’Brien K, Burfein P, Khan A, Rodriguez AD. Influence of cognitive ability on therapy outcomes for anomia in adults with chronic poststroke aphasia. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2017;60(2):1-16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2016_JSLHR-L-15-0384. PMid:28199471. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2016_JSLHR-L-1...
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32 unspecified chronic aphasics. |
Word retrieval therapy |
Participants performed a 48-hour program of intensive and distributed treatment: 14 hours of commitment therapy (30 items treated using analysis of semantic and phonological features), 14 hours of functional therapy (practice of strategies and communication skills, such as dramatization and script training), 14 hours of computer therapy (reinforcement of commitment therapy items) and 6 hours of psychosocial therapy (in a group). |
26 participants had significant improvements in naming accuracy for treated items. 9 subjects were able to name untreated items. In addition, cognitive and language variables influenced the gains of the therapy. |
Faroqi-Shah et al. (2011)(2424 Faroqi-Shah Y, Graham LE. Treatment of semantic verb classes in aphasia: acquisition and generalization effects. Clin Linguist Phon. 2011;25(5):399-418. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/02699206.2010.545964. PMid:21434812. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/02699206.2010....
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2 individuals with Broca's aphasia. |
Word retrieval therapy. |
35 verbs were selected for the study, 14 cut verbs, 14 contact verbs and 7 nonverbal expressions. 7 of each cut verbs and contact verbs were used in the treatment and the remainder were used to evaluate the generalization effects of the treatment. The sets of verbs presented different semantic characteristics. The treatment was divided into 4 steps: naming the action on a video; generation of semantic characteristics; analysis of semantic characteristics and generation of sentences. |
Both participants improved their verbal retrieval strategies, although they showed limited performance in the trained verbs. Participants did not present generalization within or outside the class to untrained verbs. |
Friedman et al. (2017)(2525 Friedman RB, Sulivan KL, Snider SF, Luta G, Jones KT. Leveraging the test effect to improve maintenance of the gains achieved through cognitive rehabilitation. Neuropsychology. 2017;31(2):220-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/neu0000318. PMid:27732041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/neu0000318...
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3 unspecified aphasics. |
Word retrieval therapy. |
Treatment alternated overtesting and overstudying conditions. In the overstudying condition, the pictures were presented on a screen, with their names written down and played aloud through a previous recording. The participants had to repeat the word aloud and then “study” the image and the word. During testing, participants were asked to name the pictures and then the correct word was reproduced to provide feedback. |
There was an advantage of testing compared with studying. All participants showed greater maintenance for words that were overtested than for words that were overstudied. After the end of the treatment, this benefit remained for 1 month and 4 months. |
Harnish et al. (2014)(2626 Harnish SM, Morgan J, Lundine JP, Bauer A, Singletary F, Benjamin ML, Gonzalez Rothi LJ, Crosson B. Dosing of a cued picture-naming treatment for anomia. Am J Speech Lang Pathol. 2014;23(2):285-97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2014_AJSLP-13-0081. PMid:24686830. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2014_AJSLP-13-...
)
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8 aphasics, 2 with Wernicke's aphasia, 2 with Broca's aphasia, 2 with anomic aphasia, 1 with conduction aphasia and 1 with transcortical motor aphasia. |
Word retrieval therapy. |
Drawings were presented randomly, on a computer. The target images represented nouns of various semantic categories. Participants were expected to name each item on 8 occasions. A different tip was presented In each occasion: (1) independent naming, (2) orthographic cueing, (3) repeating, (4) naming after a 3-second delay, (5) semantic cueing, (6) phonological cueing, (7) repeating, and (8) naming after a 3-second delay. |
Most participants achieved significant improvement in trained items after the first session, while the remainder achieved significant improvement after the third session. 3 participants showed a significant increase in untrained items between the second and sixth sessions. |
Herbert et al. (2014)(2727 Herbert R, Gregory E, Best W. Syntactic versus lexical therapy for anomia in acquired aphasia: differential effects on narrative and conversation. Int J Lang Commun Disord. 2014;49(2):162-73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1460-6984.12054. PMid:24741697. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1460-6984.1205...
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1 aphasic with agrammatism and severe anomia. |
Lexical therapy and noun syntax therapy. |
Lexical therapy was used first; phonological cues were used to facilitate naming. After that, noun syntax therapy was performed with determiner plus noun constructions. |
There was improved naming of treated words after the two therapies; however, gains were 23% in the lexical therapy while the noun syntax therapy resulted in gains by 18%. There was no impact of the lexical therapy on narrative, while the syntax therapy led to greater noun production in conversation. |
Kendall et al. (2015)(2828 Kendall DL, Oelke M, Brookshire CE, Nadeau SE. The influence of phonomotor treatment on word retrieval abilities in 26 individuals with chronic aphasia: an open trial diane. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2015;58(3):798-812. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2015_JSLHR-L-14-0131. PMid:25766309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2015_JSLHR-L-1...
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26 aphasics with anomia. |
Word retrieval therapy |
A 60-hour (6 weeks, 2h / day, 5 days / week), multimodal (orthographic, auditory, articulatory-motor, tactile-kinesthetic, visual and conceptual) phonetic treatment was performed using isolated phonemes and phoneme sequences of 1, 2 and 3 syllables, combining real words and pseudowords. Color photographs were used. |
There was improved naming of untrained nouns, maintained for 3 months. In addition, phonological processes were generalized. |
Kendall et al. (2014)(2929 Kendall D, Raymer A, Rose M, Gilbert J, Rothi LJG. Anomia treatment platform as a behavioral engine for use in research on physiological adjuvants to neurorehabilitation. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2014;51(3):391-400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1682/JRRD.2013.08.0172. PMid:25019662. http://dx.doi.org/10.1682/JRRD.2013.08.0...
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8 unspecified aphasics. |
Word retrieval therapy. |
Nouns distributed into 6 semantic categories (clothing, body parts, household items, animals, transportation and school) were used. The pictures were presented and the participants were expected to name them. When this did not occur, semantic, phonological, repetition and orthographic cues were provided. |
All participants achieved significant improvement, and 5 of them maintained it for 3 months after the end of the treatment. There was minimal generalization in the semantic category. |
Kiran et al. (2011)(3030 Kiran S, Sandberg C, Sebastian R. Treatment of category generation and retrieval in aphasia: effect of typicality of category items. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2011;54(4):1101-17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2010/10-0117). PMid:21173393. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2010...
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6 aphasics: 4 with anomic aphasia and 2 with conduction aphasia. |
Word retrieval therapy. |
30 typical and atypical items (each of 2 categories) were selected. Generative naming for 2 categories was tested during baseline and treatment. Each treatment session was performed in 4 steps: category generation, category sorting, feature generation/selection, and yes/no feature questions. |
Atypical training items in the category resulted in generalization for typical untrained items. Only 1 patient generalized atypical untrained examples and 2 patients did not generalize untrained atypical examples. |
Kunst et al. (2013)(3131 Kunst LR, Oliveira LD, Costa VP, Wiethan FM, Mota HB. Eficáciada fonoterapia em um caso de afasia expressiva decorrente de Acidente Vascular Encefálico. Rev CEFAC. 2013;15(6):1712-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1516-18462012005000104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1516-18462012...
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1 individual with non-fluent aphasia (unspecified). |
Word retrieval therapy. |
The activities were contextualized to the participant’s daily life, and the following strategies were used: facilitation, elicitation and articulation, with the aid of music and subjects of his interest. News and lyrics were used to develop writing. |
Significant advances resulted from the therapy. Early language and speech therapy helped reorganize language activity. |
Lavoie et al. (2016)(3232 Lavoie M, Routhier S, Légaré A, Macoir J. Treatment of verb anomia in aphasia: efficacy of self-administered therapy using a smart tablet. Neurocase. 2016;22(1):109-18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13554794.2015.1051055. PMid:26007615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13554794.2015....
)
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1 subject with mixed aphasia. |
Word retrieval therapy. |
The stimuli were presented on a tablet. It is a self-administered treatment, composed of picture naming tasks and a verb naming task. A set of images was used, representing human beings performing actions. |
Treatment strategies proved to be effective. The effects of the naming treatment were generalized to untreated items, as well as to verb naming, evaluated with a noun-to-verb production task. |
Macoir et al. (2012)(3333 Macoir J, Routhier S, Simard A, Picard J. Maintenance and generalization effects of semantic and phonological treatments of anomia: a case study. Comm Disord Q. 2012;33(2):119-28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1525740110387412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15257401103874...
)
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1 individual with anomic aphasia. |
Word retrieval therapy. |
It involved semantic and phonological treatments. 66 items were selected and divided into 3 sets of stimuli with black and white pictures: Set A (34 stimuli); Set B (25 stimuli semantically related to items from set A) and Set C (7 stimuli semantically unrelated to items from lists A and B). The pictures were presented with their name written down. |
The semantic treatment resulted in generalization to closely semantically related untreated items. Moreover, this beneficial effect was maintained at the immediate posttreatment level for at least 3 months. The phonological treatment resulted in improvement only for treated stimuli. |
Marangolo et al. (2013)(3434 Marangolo P, Fiori V, Caltagirone C, Marini A. How Conversational Therapy influences language recovery in chronic non-fluent aphasia. Neuropsychol Rehabil. 2013;23(5):715-31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09602011.2013.804847. PMid:23734669. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09602011.2013....
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8 subjects with Broca's aphasia. 20 healthy individuals. |
Conversation therapy. |
15-minute video clips were used, reproducing situations of daily life. 3 of these video clips were used to promote spontaneous conversations between the therapist and the patient and the other 3 video clips were used before and after therapy to control generalization effects. After watching the videos, each participant described them as they wished. This procedure was performed in both groups. |
There was a significant increase in the ability to produce verbs, nouns, adjectives, adverbs, pronouns, articles and conjunctions, in addition to well-formed sentences. There was generalization of the effects of the treatment for 3 videos that were presented before and after the therapy. |
Ralph et al. (2010)(3535 Ralph MAL, Snell C, Fillingham JK, Conroy P, Sage K. Predicting the outcome of anomia therapy for people with aphasia post CVA: both language and cognitive status are key predictors. Neuropsychol Rehabil. 2010;20(2):289-305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09602010903237875. PMid:20077315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09602010903237...
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33 anomic aphasics. |
Word retrieval therapy. |
Treatment was based on progressive phonemic and orthographic cueing. Up to four progressively longer cues were provided for each picture |
Naming ability assessed in the pretreatment, predicted gain after therapy for anomia. |
Raymer et al. (2012)(3636 Raymer AM, McHose B, Smith KG, Iman L, Ambrose A, Casselton C. Contrasting effects of errorless naming treatment and gestural facilitation for word retrieval in aphasia. Neuropsychol Rehabil. 2012;22(2):235-66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09602011.2011.618306. PMid:22047100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09602011.2011....
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8 aphasics: 4 with Broca's aphasia, 2 with transcortical motor aphasia, 1 with transcortical sensory aphasia and 1 with Wernicke's aphasia. |
Word retrieval therapy and gestural facilitation. |
All participants underwent the 2 treatments. The errorless naming treatment protocol was used, in which the participants should respond to the stimulus only when they were certain of the correct word. The subjects were expected to: (1) repeat the correct image name 3 times; (2) read the written word aloud three times; (3) memorize the name of the word, after the written word had been withdrawn; (4) name the target image again, repeating it 3 times, only if they remembered the correct name. If they forgot it, they were told the name of it and should repeat it. Subsequently, after testing the 24 pictures, the participants were expected to produce the word only if they were certain of the correct answer. When they did not know, the picture was set aside and, at the end, they received the example for the purpose of repetition. In the gestural facilitation training, the same steps of the errorless naming therapy were used, and gestural components were added. |
Both treatments resulted in improved naming of trained words. 3 subjects presented small gains for generalization. |
Routhier et al. (2015)(3737 Routhier S, Bier N, Macoir J. The contrast between cueing and/or observation in therapy for verb retrieval in post-stroke aphasia. J Commun Disord. 2015;54:43-55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomdis.2015.01.003. PMid:25638465. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomdis.2015...
)
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2 aphasics: 1 with mixed aphasia and 1 with Broca's aphasia. |
Word retrieval therapy. |
During therapy sessions, 5-second action videos were presented and participants were asked to watch and name the corresponding verb in up to 15 seconds. Cueing, feedback and a list of questions were offered increasingly. |
The strategy of semantic-phonological cues provided the participants with significant improvement. There was no improvement after observation of the action. In addition, there was no generalization for untreated verbs. |
Silkes (2015)(3838 Silkes JP. Masked repetition priming in treatment of anomia: a phase 2 study. Am J Speech Lang Pathol. 2015;24(4):895-912. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2015_AJSLP-14-0138. PMid:26381369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2015_AJSLP-14-...
)
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4 aphasics with anomia: 1 with non-fluent aphasia and 3 with fluent aphasia, both unspecified. |
Word retrieval therapy. |
Participants were instructed to just watch what appeared on the screen and try to name the image when they watched it for the fourth time. For each participant, 2 semantic categories were trained. |
All participants achieved some gains in naming trained items. Such gains were higher than for untrained items. There were minimal changes for general language skills. There was little or no generalization for items of the same category and, in some participants, there was generalization between categories. |
Silkes (2018)(3939 Silkes JP. Masked repetition priming treatment for anomia. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2018;61(3):690-712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2017_JSLHR-L-17-0192. PMid:29486491. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2017_JSLHR-L-1...
)
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6 aphasics with anomia. |
Word retrieval therapy. |
Nouns were used in 14 semantic categories. For each participant, 2 semantic categories were trained in a series. Color photographs were used. Lists of stimuli were created individually for each participant. |
Most of the participants had immediate improvement in naming trained items. Generalization within and between semantic categories was considered to be limited. |
Van Hees et al. (2013)(4040 Van Hees S, Angwin A, McMahon K, Copland D. A comparison of semantic feature analysis and phonological components analysis for the treatment of naming impairments in aphasia. Neuropsychol Rehabil. 2013;23(1):102-32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09602011.2012.726201. PMid:23098246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09602011.2012....
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8 unspecified aphasics. |
Word retrieval therapy. |
On a computer screen, the images were presented and the participants were asked to name them. Type of therapy task was alternated in each session. Half of the sessions involved Semantic Feature Analysis (SFA) and the other half, Phonological Component Analysis (PCA). |
In items treated with PCA, 7 participants showed improvement, which was maintained in 6 of them at follow-up. In the SFA-treated items, 4 of the 8 participants presented significant improvement, and 3 of them maintained it at follow-up. Benefits were greater with the phonological therapy. |
Van Hees et al. (2014)(4141 Van Hees S, McMahon K, Angwin A, De Zubicaray G, Read S, Copland DA. Changes in white matter connectivity following therapy for anomia post stroke. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2014;28(4):325-34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1545968313508654. PMid:24297762. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15459683135086...
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8 aphasics: 2 with conduction aphasia and 6 with anomic aphasia. 14 healthy individuals |
Word retrieval therapy. |
Semantic and phonological tasks were used to improve naming skills of aphasic individuals. 120 items were selected for each participant. Of these items, 30 were correctly named in previous assessments with the naming battery and 90 were incorrectly named. The latter items were divided into 3 sets: one set was treated with phonological component analysis therapy, one set with semantic feature analysis therapy and one set was not treated. In addition to the language assessments, magnetic resonance imaging was performed in both groups. |
After treatment for anomia, white matter integrity was improved, connecting language-associated cortical regions. |
Wambaugh et al. (2013)(4242 Wambaugh JL, Mauszycki S, Cameron R, Wright S, Nesslera C. Semantic feature analysis: incorporating typicality treatment and mediating strategy training to promote generalization. Am J Speech-Lang Pathol. 2013;22(2):S334-69.)
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9 aphasics: 6 with Broca's aphasia, 2 with anomic aphasia and 1 with Wernicke's aphasia. |
Word retrieval therapy. |
The study used a modified version of the semantic feature analysis therapy and a semantic judgment task, with 15 yes/no questions about the semantic features of a target item. |
8 participants had improvements in naming trained stimuli. There was generalization of response for 5 participants. There was no generalization for untreated words. |
Yeung et al. (2010)(4343 Yeung O, Law SP. Executive functions and aphasia treatment outcomes: data from an ortho-phonological cueing therapy for anomia in Chinese. Int J Speech Lang Pathol. 2010;12(6):529-44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/17549507.2011.516840. PMid:21080778. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/17549507.2011....
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12 subjects with moderate and severe aphasia (unspecified). |
Word retrieval therapy |
Ortho-phonological marking method to facilitate the naming task in 4 naming phases: pre-treatment, training, treatment and follow-up. At the baseline, each participant was expected to name all the pictures at least 3 times. There was a change of less than 10% in the error rate over 3 sessions. These items were materials for the treatment. Each participant had 14 or 15 training stimuli. During pre-treatment training, participants were taught to self-generate syllabic cues. In the treatment, the participants should name the stimuli presented without the feedback of the clinician. If they could not name a given stimulus, hierarchical cues were provided to make naming easier. |
10 participants had a significant improvement in naming the treated items. 8 participants were able to maintain treatment gains for at least one month. There were phonological generalization effects in 2 participants. |
Yeung et al. (2009)(4444 Yeung O, Law SP, Yau M. Treatment generalization and executive control processes: preliminary data from Chinese anomic individuals Short Report. Int J Lang Commun Disord. 2009;44(5):784-94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13682820902929081. PMid:19565397. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13682820902929...
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5 anomic aphasics. |
Word retrieval therapy. |
The study used a baseline in which participants were asked to name the images. 15 treated items were chosen for each participant. A treatment protocol was used, with the English alphabet as phonemic cues to facilitate name retrieval. |
All participants had improvements in naming of treated items, however, only 2 presented significant gains in naming untrained and phonologically related items. |