Hicks et al. [88. Hicks JE, Miller F, Plotz P, Chen TH, Gerber L. Isometric exercise increases strength and does not produce sustained creatinine phosphokinase increases in a patients with polymyositis. J Rheumatol. 1993;20:1399-401.] |
1 |
Isometric strength |
4 |
Isometric strength 3 MVC |
↔ CPK |
↑ Isometric strength |
Wiesinger et al. [1010. Wiesinger GF, Quittan M, Aringer M, Seeber A, Volc-platzer B, Smolen J, et al. Improvement of physical fitness and muscle strength in polymyositis/dermatomyositis patients by a training programme. Br J Rheumatol. 1998;37:196-200.] |
14 |
Aerobic |
6 |
VO2 peak Isometric strength Activities of daily living |
↔ CPK |
T VO2 peak ↑ Isometric strength ↑ Activities of daily living |
Wiesinger et al. [1919. Wiesinger GF, Quittan M, Graninger M, Seeber A, Ebenbichler G, Sturm B, Kerschan K, Smolen J, Graninger W. Benefit of 6 months long-term physical training in polymyositis/dermatomyositis patients. Br J Rheumatol. 1998;37:1338-42.] |
13 |
Aerobic |
24 |
VO2 peak Isometric strength Activities of daily living |
↔ CPK |
↑ VO2 peak ↑ Isometric strength ↑ Activities of daily living |
Alexanderson et al. [2323. Alexanderson H, Dastmalchi M, Esbjornsson-Liljedahl M, Opava CH, Lundberg IE. Benefits of intensive resistance training in patients with chronic polymyositis or dermatomyositis. Arthritis Rheum. 2007;57:768-77.] |
10 |
Strength Dynamic |
12 |
Muscle function Walking distance Quality of life |
↔ CPK ↔ Immune /inflammatory markers |
↑ Muscle function ↑ Walking distance ↑ Quality of life |
Heikkilä et al. [4444. Heikkila S, Viitanen JV, Kautiainen H, et al. Rehabilitation in myositis. Physiother. 2001;87:301-9.] |
22 |
Strength Dynamic |
3 |
Functional capacity Pain |
↔ CPK |
↑ Muscle function ↔ Pain |
Varvu et al. [4545. Varjú C, Pethö E, Kutas R, Czirják L. The effect of physical exercise following acute disease exacerbation in patients with dermato/polymyositis. Clin Rehabil. 2003;17:83-7.] |
19 |
Strength Dynamic |
3 |
Respiratory function (Spirometry) Muscle strength |
↔ CPK |
↑ Respiratory function ↑ Muscle function |
Harris-Love et al. [4646. Harris-Love MO. Safety and efficacy of submaximal eccentric strength training for a subject with polymyositis. Arthritis Rheum. 2005;53:471-4.] |
1 |
Strength Eccentric |
12 |
Isometric strength |
↔ Muscle enzymes |
↑ Isometric strength ↑ Concentric strength |
Alexanderson et al. [2323. Alexanderson H, Dastmalchi M, Esbjornsson-Liljedahl M, Opava CH, Lundberg IE. Benefits of intensive resistance training in patients with chronic polymyositis or dermatomyositis. Arthritis Rheum. 2007;57:768-77.] |
8 |
Strength Dynamic |
7 |
10-15 MVC Functional capacity |
↔ CPK |
↑ 10-15 MVC ↑ Disease activity ↑ Functional capacity |
Dastmalchi et al. [1414. Dastmalchi M, Alexanderson H, Loell I, Stahlberg M, Borg K, Lundberg IE, et al. Effect of physical training on the proportion of slow-twitch type I muscle fibers, a novel nonimmune-mediated mechanism for muscle impairment in polymyositis or dermatomyositis. Arthritis Rheum. 2007;57:1303-10.] |
9 |
Aerobic Strength |
12 |
Type of muscle fiber Quality of life Functional capacity |
Not reported |
↑ Type I Fiber ↑ Functional Capacity ↑ Quality of Life |
Chung et al. [4747. Chung YL, Alexanderson H, Pipitone N, Morrison C, Dastmalchi M, Ståhl-Hallengren C, et al. Creatine supplements in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies who are clinically weak after conventional pharmacologic treatment: six-month, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2007;57:694-702.] |
37 |
Strength Dynamic Creatine supplementation |
20 |
Functional capacity Muscle strength Quality of life Pain and fatigue Anxiety and depression |
↔ CPK |
↑ Functional capacity ↑ Muscle strength ↔ Quality of life ↔ Anxiety and depression ↔ Pain and fatigue |
Nader et al. [2121. Nader GA, Dastmalchi M, Alexanderson H, Grundtman C, Gernapudi R, Esbjornsson M, et al. A longitudinal, integrated, clinical, histological and mRNA profiling study of resistance exercise in myositis. Mol Med. 2010;16:455-64.] |
8 |
Strength Dynamic |
7 |
Genes related to inflammation and fibrosis |
↓ CPK |
↓ Genes related to inflammation and fibrosis ↓ Tissue fibrosis |
Munters et al. [1212. Alemo Munters L, Dastmalchi M, Katz A, Esbjörnsson M, Loell I, Hanna B, et al. Improved exercise performance and increased aerobic capacity after endurance training of patients with stable polymyositis and dermatomyositis. Arthritis Res Ther. 2013;15:83-96.] |
9 |
Aerobic |
12 |
Aerobic capacity Activity of mitochondrial enzymes |
↔ CPK |
↑ Aerobic capacity ↑ Activity of mitochondrial enzymes |
Munters et al. [2020. Alemo Munters L, Dastmalchi M, Andgren V, Emilson C, Bergegård J, Regardt M, et al. Improvement in health and possible reduction in disease activity using endurance exercise in patients with established polymyositis and dermatomyositis: a multicenter randomized controlled trial with a 1-year open extension followup. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2013;65:1959-68.] |
11 |
Aerobic |
12 |
Aerobic capacity Disability Disease activity Quality of life 5 MVC |
↔ CPK |
↓ Disease activity ↑ Muscle strength ↑ Quality of life ↑ Aerobic capacity ↑ Quality of life |
Mattar et al. [2525. Mattar MA, Gualano B, Perandini LA, Shinjo SK, Lima FR, Sá-Pinto LA, et al. Safety and possible effects of low-intensity resistance training associated with partial blood flow restriction in polymyositis and dermatomyositis. Arthritis Res Ther. 2014;16:473.] |
13 |
Strength Dynamic Vascular occlusion |
12 |
Muscle strength Functional capacity Quality of life |
↔ CPK ↔ Aldolase |
↑ Muscle strength ↑ Functional capacity ↑ Quality of life |
Munters et al. [2222. Munters LA, Loell I, Ossipova E, Raouf J, Dastmalchi M, Lindroos E, et al. Endurance exercise improves molecular pathways of aerobic metabolism in patients with myositis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2016;68:1738-50.] |
15 |
Aerobic |
12 |
Aerobic capacity Proteomic analysis Molecular profile |
↔ CPK |
↑ Aerobic capacity ↑ Genes related to capillary growth, mitochondrial biogenesis, protein synthesis, cytoskeletal remodeling and muscular hypertrophy ↑ Genes related to the immune and inflammatory response and sarcoplasmic reticulum stress |