Dabek, 1974 |
46, female |
– |
Acromegaly |
X-Ray: sellar enlargement |
– |
During acromegaly investigation |
Chest X-Ray: 6cm mass left lower lobe |
Bronchial carcinoid |
– |
30, female |
– |
Acromegaly |
X-Ray: sellar enlargement |
– |
During acromegaly investigation |
Chest X-ray: middle lobe mass |
Bronchial carcinoid |
– |
Sonksen, 1976 |
60, female |
– |
Acromegaly |
X-Ray: sellar enlargement |
– |
During acromegaly investigation + 19-year history of pulmonary symptoms (recurrent pneumonia) |
Chest CT: right lower lobe mass |
Bronchial carcinoid |
– |
53, female |
– |
Acromegaly + pulmonary mass on routine X-ray |
X-Ray: normal |
– |
During acromegaly investigation + pulmonary mass on routine X-ray |
Chest X-Ray: right lower lobe mass |
Bronchial carcinoid of 1.5 cm |
– |
Zafar, 1979 |
22, female |
2 years |
Acromegaly Recurrent pneumonitis |
X-Ray: sellar enlargement |
Acidophilic cell hyperplasia or adenoma |
During persistent acromegaly + pulmonary symptoms |
Bronchoscopy: right middle lobe mass |
Bronchial carcinoid of 5×3×3 cm |
– |
Scheithauer, 1984 |
56, female |
5 years 2 years |
Acromegaly Cough, hemoptysis |
CT: pituitary tumor |
– |
During acromegaly investigation + pulmonary symptoms |
Chest X-Ray: obstructive lesion in right middle lobe |
Metastatic bronchial carcinoid (lymph node) of 3.5 cm GHRH + |
– |
Hawkins, 1985 |
50, male |
20 years 15 years |
Lung mass Acromegaly |
X-Ray: sellar enlargement with double floor CT: hyperdense image in the right half of the sellar space |
– |
During acromegaly investigation + history lung mass |
Chest X-Ray: large opacity in the right middle zone |
Bronchial carcinoid of 6×5×4 cm |
– |
Vance, 1985 |
48, male |
20 years |
Acromegaly |
CT: normal |
– |
During acromegaly investigation + 19-year history of resected bronchial carcinoid |
– |
Metastatic lung carcinoid (liver, bone) GHRH + |
– |
Barkan, 1986 |
19, male |
2 years |
Acromegaly |
CT: pituitary hyperplasia |
Null cell microadenoma, somatotroph hyperplasia |
During acromegaly investigation + history of metastatic lung tumor |
– |
Metastatic lung carcinoid (liver, bone) GHRH + |
– |
Boizel, 1987 |
55, female |
24 years 22 years |
Repeated hemoptysis Acromegaly |
X-Ray: progressive mild sellar enlargement during 22 years CT: normal pituitary |
– |
Pulmonary symptoms + history of right postero-basal thoracic tumor |
– |
Bronchial carcinoid GHRH + 6cm right lower lobe |
– |
Carroll, 1987 |
29, female |
8 years |
Acromegaly |
X-Ray: Increased sellar volume CT: normal |
– |
During acromegaly investigation |
Chest X-ray: 3cm mass overlying the right heart border Present 6 years before |
Bronchial carcinoid GHRH + 4cm right common lower lobe |
Identical twin unaffected |
Garcia-Luna, 1987 |
54, female |
2 days 5 years 9 years |
Pleurisy Hemoptysis Acromegaly |
X-Ray: enlargement of pituitary fossa CT: “double floor” |
– |
Pulmonary symptoms |
Chest X-ray: pleural effusion, mediastinal deviation Bronchoscopy: bleeding tumor distal bronchus intermedius |
Metastatic bronchial carcinoid (lymph nodes) GHRH + 1.3cm Bronchus intermedius |
– |
Melmed, 1988 |
59, female |
5 years |
Acromegaly Acromegaly recurrence 2y after hypophysectomy |
- CT: normal |
Somatotroph hyperplasia |
27-year history of resected bronchial carcinoid |
Skeletal X-ray: multiple bone lesions |
Metastatic bone tumor GHRH + |
– |
Moller, 1989 |
39, female |
6 years |
Acromegaly |
CT: pituitary hyperplasia |
– |
13-year history left bronchial carcinoid resected |
– |
Metastatic bronchial carcinoid (breast, liver, pulmonary) GHRH+ |
– |
Harris, 1990 |
19, female |
- After 3 years After 4 years |
Hemoptysis Carcinoid syndrome (diarrhea, flushing) Acromegaly (3 years after lobectomy) |
X-ray: sellar enlargment |
– |
Pulmonary symptoms |
Lower left lung lobe consolidation and right supraclavicular lymphadenopathy |
Metastatic bronchial carcinoid (breast, lymph nodes, liver, bone, ovaries, cardiac, thyroid) GHRH + |
– |
Popovic, 1990 |
33, female |
– |
Acromegaly |
– |
– |
– |
– |
Lung carcinoid GHRH + |
– |
Glikson, 1991 |
66, male |
– |
Acromegaly |
CT: Normal |
– |
20-year history of right lung tumor |
Chest CT: large well circumscribed tumor in the right lower lobe |
Bronchial carcinoid GHRH + 7.5 × 6 × 6 cm |
– |
Ezzat, 1994 |
28, female |
Long-standing |
Acromegaly |
MRI: pituitary hyperplasia |
Somatotroph hyperplasia |
10-year history of resected bronchial carcinoid (left) |
– |
Metastatic endobronchial carcinoid (breast, chest wall, ovaries) GHRH + Chromogranin + |
– |
Lefebvre, 1995 |
21, female |
2 years |
Acromegaly |
MRI: pituitary hyperplasia |
– |
3-year history of resected bronchial carcinoid (right) |
– |
Metastatic bronchial carcinoid (lymph node, lung) GHRH + |
– |
Platts, 1997 |
53, female |
13 years 4 years - |
Pulmonary mass found during pneumonia Hemoptysis Acromegaly |
CT: normal |
– |
Pulmonary symptoms |
Chest X-ray: 9cm stable right hilar mass (over 13y period) Positive 111In-labeled-octreotide scintigraphy |
Bronchial carcinoid GHRH + |
– |
Drange, 1998 |
42, male |
17 years |
Acromegaly |
MRI: 1.0 × 1.8 × 2.0 cm pituitary mass |
– |
28-year history of resected bronchial carcinoid |
Positive 111In-labeled-octreotide scintigraphy for metastasis *no imaging on initial diagnosis |
Metastatic bronchial carcinoid (bone, liver) |
– |
Othman, 2001 |
39, male |
10 years |
Acromegaly |
MRI: pituitary hyperplasia |
Somatotroph hyperplasia |
During persistent acromegaly |
Positive 111In-labeled-octreotide scintigraphy: globular mass in right lower lobe of the lung |
Bronchial carcinoid GHRH + 10 cm |
|
Bhansali, 2002 |
38, female |
3 days few months |
Pleuritic chest pain Acromegaly |
MRI: pituitary hyperplasia |
– |
Pulmonary symptoms |
Chest CT: right hilar mass |
Bronchial carcinoid GHRH + Right upper lobe 3 × 3 cm |
– |
Bolanowski, 2002 |
61, female |
10 years |
Acromegaly, carcinoid syndrome (weight loss, diarrhea) |
MRI: pituitary hyperplasia |
– |
During investigation of acromegaly and carcinoid syndrome |
Chest X-ray: round 10 cm lesion based on diaphragm in the back region of right lung Chest CT: 9 × 7cm lesion in the postero-medial part of right lung |
Typical bronchial carcinoid Chromogranin + GHRH+ (Serum) |
– |
Osella, 2003 |
47, female |
– |
Acromegaly |
MRI: empty sella |
– |
During acromegaly investigation |
Chest CT: 3.5 cm right lower lung mass Positive 111In-labeled-octreotide scintigraphy |
Atypical bronchial carcinoid GHRH + |
Positive family history for bronchial carcinoid |
Reuters, 2003 |
61, female |
– |
Acromegaly |
MRI: pituitary hyperplasia |
– |
During pulmonary mass investigation |
Chest CT and MRI: 8 cm mass |
Typical bronchial carcinoid GHRH + |
– |
Athanassiadi, 2004 |
37, male |
8 years |
Acromegaly |
– |
1.3 × 1.3 cm GH + PRL adenoma |
During persistent acromegaly |
Chest X-Ray: large tumor in left lung Chest CT: large circumscribed tumor in the left upper lobe |
Bronchial carcinoid Gastrin + Somatostatin + 6.0×5.5×4.5 cm |
– |
Zatelli, 2005 |
29, female |
10 years |
Acromegaly |
MRI: pituitary hyperplasia |
– |
During acromegaly investigation |
Chest X-ray/MRI: 3.3 cm basal portion of the left superior pulmonary lobe Positive 111In-labeled-octreotide scintigraphy |
Atypical bronchial carcinoid |
– |
Nasr, 2006 |
44, female |
2 week 7 years later - |
Scalp lesion Bitemporal hemianopia Intermitent watery stools once or twice a month |
MRI: 2.6 cm pituitary tumor |
Metastatic GHRH+ tumor and somatotroph hyperplasia with focal neoplastic transformation |
During metastatic lesion investigation (scalp biopsy: neuroendocrine cells) |
Chest X-Ray: lobulated 3 cm right hilar soft tissue mass Chest CT: 2.5cm right infrahilar mass |
Metastatic atypical pulmonary carcinoid (bone, chest, abdomen, pituitary) GHRH + |
– |
Biermasz, 2007 |
27, female |
5 years |
Acromegaly |
MRI: pituitary hyperplasia |
– |
During investigation of acromegaly |
Chest X-ray: large tumor in the right lower lobe of the lung. Positive 111In-labeled-octreotide scintigraphy |
Metastatic lung carcinoid (liver) Chromogranin + Synaptophysin + 5 cm |
– |
27, male |
9 years |
Acromegaly |
MRI: pituitary tumor |
Mixture of hyperplasia and GH+PRL adenoma |
Incidental during pre-operative pituitary surgery |
Chest X-ray: large parahilar lesion in left lung Positive 111 In-labelled-octreotide scanning |
Atypical bronchial carcinoid Synaptophysin + 8×7×7cm |
– |
Fainstein Day, 2007 |
36, male |
3 years |
Acromegaly |
MRI: pituitary hyperplasia |
– |
19-year history of resected bronchial carcinoid |
Chest CT: 1.2cm right parahilar region |
Metastatic atypical bronchial carcinoid (lung, liver, bone, brain) GHRH + |
– |
De Jager, 2007 |
74, female |
- 15 years |
Anemia from colon adenocarcinoma Acromegaly |
MRI: pituitary hyperplasia |
– |
15-year history of stable solid lesion of the right lung |
Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy 111In pentetreotide |
Biopsy: atypical cells compatible with carcinoid tumor |
– |
Van Hoek, 2009 |
56, female |
3 years >5 years |
Acromegaly Cough, hemoptysis |
MRI: normal |
– |
During acromegaly investigation + pulmonary symptoms |
Chest X-Ray and CT: pulmonary paramediastinal 4cm mass in the right-upper lobe Positive octreoscan: right hemitorax |
Typical bronchial carcinoid GHRH + |
– |
Verrua, 2010 |
55, female |
– |
Acromegaly |
MRI: pituitary hyperplasia, uncertain focal lesion |
– |
Incidental during pre-operative pituitary surgery |
Chest X-Ray: large thickening in left lung Chest CT: 6.0×8.4×5.0 cm mass in contact with pulmonary hilum. Positive octreoscan (111In pentatreotide) |
Typical bronchial carcinoid GHRH + |
– |
Gudbjartsson, 2011 |
42, female |
– |
Acromegaly |
MRI: pituitary hyperplasia |
– |
Incidental during pre-operative pituitary surgery |
Chest X-Ray: 7cm right-sided lung tumor |
Typical bronchial carcinoid GHRH + Between intermediate and lower right bronchus |
– |
Butler, 2012 |
54, male |
20 years - |
Acromegaly Hemoptysis |
MRI: pituitary hyperplasia |
– |
History of lobectomy |
Chest CT: 4.4 cm mass adjacent left hilum Positive octreoscan |
Bronchial carcinoid Chromogranin + GHRH + 3.3 cm |
– |
Garby, 2012 |
7 patients with bronchial carcinoid 30 female 30 female 27 female 28 male 42 female 53 female 53 male 77 female |
– |
Acromegaly |
MRI: pituitary hyperplasia in 4/7 cases and normal in 3/7 cases |
1 operated case: somatotroph hyperplasia |
During investigation of ectopic GHRH secretion |
Chest CT 1. 45 mm 2. 40 mm 3. 12 mm 4. 60 mm 5. 15 mm 6. 80 mm 7. 70 mm |
-
typical carcinoid
-
typical carcinoid (serotonin+ calcitonin +)
-
metastatic typical carcinoid (liver, bone)
-
typical carcinoid
-
typical carcinoid
-
metastatic atypical carcinoid (liver, bone)
-
-
|
-
patient tested for MEN1 germline mutation: negative
|
Rojo Alvaro, 2013 |
38, female |
8 years 2 years |
Acromegaly Carcinoid syndrome (facial flushing, tachycardia) |
MRI: normal |
– |
During acromegaly investigation |
Chest X-Ray: right hilum mass Chest CT: 7 × 4 × 3.5 cm right hilum mass Positive octreoscan |
Bronchial carcinoid Chromogranin + 5 × 3.5 cm |
– |
Kyriakakis, 2017 |
52, male |
26 years 22 years 17 years |
Acromegaly symptoms Acromegaly confirmed, abdominal pain Spinal surgery |
CT: pituitary tumor |
Pituitary adenoma (initially) Strong positivity for GH and PRL Scattered positivity for LH, FSH, TSH, ACTH Pituitary hyperplasia (after re-examination of pituitary specimens) |
Incidental during pre-operative spinal surgery |
Chest X-ray: right lower lobe shadow Chest CT: 8 cm tumor in the posterior segment of the right lower lobe |
Bronchial carcinoid Chromogranin + GHRH + |
– |
Stelmachowska-Banas, 2019 |
43, female |
2 years |
Acromegaly symptoms |
MRI: pituitary hyperplasia |
– |
During acromegaly investigation |
Chest X-ray: 5.6 × 4.0 cm tumor in right anterior mediastinum Chest CT: 5 cm tumor Positive octreoscan |
Typical bronchial carcinoid Chromogranin + GHRH + |
– |
Current case |
22, male |
Short-lasting 1 year |
Pituitary apoplexy Abdominal cramps |
Initial MRI: Pituitary hyperplasia 2ndMRI: pituitary tumor |
Pituitary hyperplasia and somatotropinoma |
Incidental during pre-operative pituitary surgery |
Chest X-ray: central lesion in inferior left pulmonary lobe (ILL) Chest CT: 4.5 × 4.0 × 3.5 cm lesion in ILL Positive Ga-PET CT |
Metastatic atypical carcinoid (liver, bone) Chromogranin + GHRH + |
Negative MEN1 and CDKN1B germline mutations |