Effect of foliar application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in cotton (Gossipium hirsutum, L. var. I.A.C. 12) as evaluated by yield and foliar analysis

aesalq Anais da Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz An. Esc. Super. Agric. Luiz de Queiroz 0071-1276 2316-8935 Universidade de São Paulo; Escola Superior de Agricultura Piracicaba, SP, Brazil This work was carried out on latosolic soil type, called "terra roxa estruturada", Luiz de Queiroz serie. It was installed in November 1968 and was finished in May 1969, using the I.C.A. 12 (G. hirsutum L.) variety. The objectives of this work were: 1 - Evaluate the effect of foliar spraying in the yield increase. 2 - Evaluate the effect of foliar spraying by foliar diagnosis, and determine correlations between the yield and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium concentrations in the petioles of leaves of productive and unproductive branches. 3 - The experimental design consisted of complete randomized blocks with 3 replications with part of the treatments in a 4 x 3 factorial arrangement; 4 representing the number of levels and 3 the number of fertilizers. Apart from these, 12 treatments were included: N0P0K0 , N1P3K3 , N3P1K3 , N3P3K1 and N3P3K3 Each block consisted of 21 plots because the N0P0K0 and N3P3K3 treatments were replicates 3 times within each block, in order to increase the accuracy of the respective mean values. The levels of these elements were as follows. In the soil and foliar fertilization the fertizer used as a source of nitrogen was urea (46% N), as a source of phosphorus concentred superphosphate (45% P2O5) and as a source of potassium, potassium chloride (60% K2O). The results obtained show that: 1 - No statistical differences were found in the production of branch cotton. Then mean value reached 3,366.09 kg/Ha. it should be pointed out, however, that in the relative percentage with respect to the check tratment there were increases of 17,15%, 20,50% and 23,01%. These were obtained with the N3P3 + K2 *, N3K3 + P3* and P3K3 + N2* treatments respectively. 2 - The mean percentage concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium which were found in the petioles were the following: No statistical differences were found, for each sampling, in the concentrations of these three nutrients in the petiole of the respective branch. The first sampling was carried out 86 days after germination and the second 116 days after germination. 3 - Total significant correlations were found in the percentages of potassium with yield in the first sampling for petioles of leaves of productive branches and in the second sampling for petioles of both productive and unproductive branches : Total correlations were also obtained between the phosphorus percentages and yield in the first sampling for petioles of both types of branches and in the second sampling just for petioles of productive branches: No statistical difference was found, in relation to the type of sampling, between the correlations of the petioles of leaves of both types branches. Adubação foliar do algodoeiro (Gossypium hirsutum, L., var. I.A.C.12), com nitrogênio, fósforo e potássio avaliada pela produção e diagnose foliar* Effect of foliar application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in cotton (Gossipium hirsutum, L. var. I.A.C. 12) as evaluated by yield and foliar analysis Julio P. Laca BuendiaI; A. M. Louis NeptuneII IUniversidade de Lambayeque - Perú IIDepartamento de solos e Geologia - ESALQ - USP RESUMO Aplicações de adubos por via foliar no algodoeiro tem sido feitas em outros países; porém, no Brasil, tal prática encontra-se no inicio. Com o presente trabalho, foi estudado o efeito da adubação foliar nos aumentos de produção e foi estabelecido correlações entre a produção e as concentrações de nitrogênio, fósforo e potássio, nos pecíolos das folhas de ramos produtivos e não produtivos. SUMMARY This work was carried out on latosolic soil type, called "terra roxa estruturada", Luiz de Queiroz serie. It was installed in November 1968 and was finished in May 1969, using the I.C.A. 12 (G. hirsutum L.) variety. The objectives of this work were: 1 - Evaluate the effect of foliar spraying in the yield increase. 2 - Evaluate the effect of foliar spraying by foliar diagnosis, and determine correlations between the yield and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium concentrations in the petioles of leaves of productive and unproductive branches. 3 - The experimental design consisted of complete randomized blocks with 3 replications with part of the treatments in a 4 x 3 factorial arrangement; 4 representing the number of levels and 3 the number of fertilizers. Apart from these, 12 treatments were included: N0P0K0 , N1P3K3 , N3P1K3 , N3P3K1 and N3P3K3 Each block consisted of 21 plots because the N0P0K0 and N3P3K3 treatments were replicates 3 times within each block, in order to increase the accuracy of the respective mean values. The levels of these elements were as follows. In the soil and foliar fertilization the fertizer used as a source of nitrogen was urea (46% N), as a source of phosphorus concentred superphosphate (45% P2O5) and as a source of potassium, potassium chloride (60% K2O). The results obtained show that: 1 - No statistical differences were found in the production of branch cotton. Then mean value reached 3,366.09 kg/Ha. it should be pointed out, however, that in the relative percentage with respect to the check tratment there were increases of 17,15%, 20,50% and 23,01%. These were obtained with the N3P3 + K2 *, N3K3 + P3* and P3K3 + N2* treatments respectively. 2 - The mean percentage concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium which were found in the petioles were the following: No statistical differences were found, for each sampling, in the concentrations of these three nutrients in the petiole of the respective branch. The first sampling was carried out 86 days after germination and the second 116 days after germination. 3 - Total significant correlations were found in the percentages of potassium with yield in the first sampling for petioles of leaves of productive branches and in the second sampling for petioles of both productive and unproductive branches : Total correlations were also obtained between the phosphorus percentages and yield in the first sampling for petioles of both types of branches and in the second sampling just for petioles of productive branches: No statistical difference was found, in relation to the type of sampling, between the correlations of the petioles of leaves of both types branches. Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF. Full text available only in PDF format. LITERATURA CITADA Entregue para publicação em 20/1/1971. * Parte da Tese apresentada à Escola Superior de Agronomia "Luiz de Queiroz", para a obtenção do Título de Magister Scientiae, pelo primeiro autor. Agradecimentos são devidos ao Dr. ROLAND VENCOVSKY, Docente-Livre do Departamento de Genética pela colaboração na análise estatística, aos Srs. Vinícius Ferraz e Valentin Bombo Filho pelos serviços prestados ANONYME. 1962 Foliar application of nitrogen to cotton found impractical during fruting period. Agr. Chemicals, Avril p. 27-28 et 105 Coton et fibr. trop. 17 (3): 507-62. Foliar application of nitrogen to cotton found impractical during fruting period Agr. Chemicals 27 28 et 105 3 17 BODADE, V. N. & MADARIKAR, T. K. 1965 Relative effecacy of soil and spray application of N and P nutrients on cotton. Indian Cott. J., 19: 368-272. Relative effecacy of soil and spray application of N and P nutrients on cotton Indian Cott. J. 368 272 19 BODADE V. N. MADARIKAR T. K. BOYTON, D. 1954 Nutrition by foliar application. A. Rev. Pl. Physiol. 5: 31-54. Nutrition by foliar application A. Rev. Pl. Physiol. 31 54 5 BOYTON D. BURKALOV, N. 1964 Traitement des feuilles de cotonnier par le phosphore. 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