NUTRITIONAL STATUS, QUALITY OF LIFE AND LIFE HABITS OF WOMEN WITH IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME: A CASE-CONTROL STUDY

MENDONÇA, Ana Paula Monteiro de; YAMASHITA, Luciana Miyuki; SILVA, Esther Dantas; SOLAR, Isabela; SANTOS, Larissa Ariel Oliveira; VASQUES, Ana Carolina Junqueira

doi:10.1590/S0004-2803.202000000-22

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Arq. Gastroenterol. 57 (2) • Apr-Jun 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S0004-2803.202000000-22 copy

NUTRITIONAL STATUS, QUALITY OF LIFE AND LIFE HABITS OF WOMEN WITH IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME: A CASE-CONTROL STUDY

Estado nutricional, qualidade de vida e hábitos de vida em mulheres com síndrome do intestino irritável: um estudo caso-controle

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND:

Irritable bowel syndrome is a functional and chronic gastrointestinal disorder that may cause abdominal pain and altered bowel habits, affecting the nutritional status and quality of life of its carriers. Its prevalence is high, affecting about 10% to 15% of the general population in developed countries, being more prevalent in women than in men in the proportion 2:1.

OBJECTIVE:

The aim of our study was to compare the profile of body adiposity, life habits, and the quality of life of women with irritable bowel syndrome with a healthy control group.

METHODS:

Case-control study on 70 women, 34 with irritable bowel syndrome and 36 healthy. We applied the “Irritable Bowel Syndrome Quality of Life Questionnaire”to assess quality of life. Body adiposity was assessed from body mass index, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio. We investigated the self-reporting of gastrointestinal symptoms with food deemed as problematic for carriers of irritable bowel syndrome and the presence of typical comorbidities. Assessment of life habits included: practice of physical activities, alcoholism, smoking, daytime sleepiness, and exclusion of foods from the feeding routine. For statistical analysis we used the IBM SPSS program, with a significance level at 5%.

RESULTS:

There was higher volume of central and general adiposity in the case group compared with the control group (P<0.05). Cases presented a higher chance of developing IBS-related comorbidities (P<0.05). About of 80% of patients with irritable bowel syndrome have excluded some food from the diet (P<0.01) and the total amount of troublesome foods varied from 7 to 21 (P<0.01). The case group featured worse quality of life compared with the control (P<0.05).

CONCLUSION:

Compared to the control group, women with irritable bowel syndrome showed greater body adiposity, higher frequency of comorbidities, greater restriction on the consumption of problematic foods and worse quality of life.

HEADINGS:
Irritable bowel syndrome; Adiposity; Life style; Quality of life

Variables	Research group		P value
	Controls	Cases
Age (years)	40±9	46±12	0.026^a
IBS diagnosis time (years)	-	6±5	-
BMI (kg/m²)	24.7±2.8	28.4±6.7	0.005^a
Waist circumference (cm)	85.4±8.7	92.1±16.6	0.043^a
Hip circumference (cm)	100.9±9.4	106.1±11.5	0.043^a
Waist-to-hip ratio	0.84±0.07	0.86±0.1	0.423^a

Variables	Research group		P value	Odds ratio
	Controls	Cases
	n (%)	n (%)
Fibromyalgia	1 (2.8)	13 (38.2)	0.001^a	21.6 (2.6-177.7)
Chronic fatigue syndrome	1 (2.8)	13 (38.2)	0.001^a	21.6 (2.6-177.7)
Temporomandibular joint dysfunctions	5 (13.9)	19 (55.9)	0.001^a	7.8 (2.4-25.1)
Chronic pelvic pain	2 (5.6)	20 (58.8)	0.001^a	24.2 (4.9-118.0)
Ulcer dyspepsia	0 (0.0)	2 (5.9)	0.140^a	0.5 (0.4-0.6)
Use of laxatives	2 (5.6)	7 (20.6)	0.060^a	4.4 (0.8-22.9)
Use of antidiarrheals	0 (0.0)	6 (17.6)	0.008^a	0.4 (0.3-0.6)

Variables		Research group		P value
		Control	Cases
		s n (%)	n (%)
Smoking	Non-smoker	31 (86.9)	27 (79.4)
	Former smoker	5 (13.9)	4 (11.8)	0.189^a
	Smoker	0 (0.0)	3 (8.8)
Consumption of	< 1 drink per month	17 (47.2)	28 (82.4)
alcoholic beverages	1 to 4 drinks per month	13 (36.1)	5 (14.7)	0.011^a
	5 to 7 drinks per month	5 (13.9)	0 (0.0)
	> 7 drinks per month	1 (2.8)	1 (2.9)
Daytime sleepiness		6±5	7±5	0.314^b
Physical activity	Low	2 (5.6)	0 (0.0)
	Moderate	34 (94.4)	34 (100.0)	0.820^a
	High	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)

Foods	Research group		P value
	Controls n (%)	Cases n (%)
Apple	1 (2.8)	8 (23.5)	0.010^a
Pear	1 (2.8)	6 (17.6)	0.038^a
Peach	0 (0.0)	5 (14.7)	0.017^a
Mango	0 (0.0)	13 (38.2)	<0.01^a
Cherry	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	-
Nectarine	0 (0.0)	1 (2.9)	0.300^a
Watermelon	3 (8.3)	12 (35.2)	0.006^a
Honey	0 (0.0)	1 (2.9)	0.300^a
Natural juice	2 (5.6)	9 (26.5)	0.016^a
Artichoke	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	-
Beet	0 (0.0)	6 (17.6)	0.008^a
Broccoli	3 (8.3)	14 (41.2)	0.001^a
Cabbage	8 (22.2)	21 (61.8)	0.001^a
Okra	1 (2.8)	6 (17.6)	0.038^a
Garlic	1 (2.8)	6 (17.6)	0.038^a
Onion	0 (0.0)	9 (26.5)	0.001^a
Cauliflower	4 (11.1)	11 (32.4)	0.030^a
Industrial tomato sauce	7 (19.4)	17 (50.0)	0.007^a
Pea	0 (0.0)	4 (11.8)	0.034^a
Chickpeas	4 (11.1)	8 (23.5)	0.168^a
Lentils	1 (2.8)	5 (14.7)	0.075^a
Beans	12 (33.3)	26 (76.5)	<0.01^a
Milk	9 (25.0)	28 (82.4)	<0.01^a
Ice cream	3 (8.3)	19 (55.9)	<0.01^a
Yogurt	5 (13.9)	18 (52.9)	<0.01^a
Condensed milk	0 (0.0)	19 (52.9)	<0.01^a
Fresh cheeses	1 (2.8)	20 (58.8)	<0.01^a
Wheat- or rye-based foods	5 (13.9)	19 (55.9)	<0.01^a
White bread	7 (19.4)	14 (41.2)	0.047^a
Whole wheat bread	2 (5.6)	6 (17.6)	0.112^a
Pasta	2 (5.6)	13 (38.2)	0.001^a
Rice	1 (2.8)	8 (23.5)	0.01^a
Chocolate	2 (5.6)	19 (55.9)	<0.01^a
Fried foods	6 (16.7)	24 (70.6)	<0.01^a
Pizza	3 (8.3)	19 (55.9)	<0.01^a
Pies and pastries	1 (2.8)	18 (52.9)	<0.01^a
Coffee	1 (2.8)	13 (38.2)	<0.01^a
Alcoholic beverage	3 (8.3)	7 (20.6)	0.143^a
Beef	4 (11.1)	15 (44.1)	0.002^a
Pork	1 (2.8)	12 (35.3)	<0.01^a
Chicken	0 (0.0)	5 (14.7)	0.017^a
Fish	0 (0.0)	2 (5.9)	0.140^a
Total amount of troublesome foods	3±3	14±7	<0.01^b
Food exclusion from the diet	25.0	79.4	<0.01^a

Domains	Research group		P value ^a
	Controls	Cases
Dysphoria	81.6±23.7	67.0±25.2	<0.01
Interference with activity	71.3±29.9	47.2±24.3	<0.01
Body image	70.9±29.9	50.0±25.2	<0.01
Health concerns	66.6±32.0	45.1±25.7	<0.01
Food prevention	67.1±31.3	44.8±28.0	<0.01
Social reaction	83.7±41.0	74.8±56.5	<0.01
Sexuality	81.2±24.4	64.3±33.7	<0.01
Relationships	88.0±21.6	77.2±26.9	0.001
General score of quality of life	76.4±24.1	58.7±21.7	<0.01

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[1] Corresponding author: Ana Paula Monteiro de Mendonça. E-mail: ana.pmdm@hotmail.com