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New occurrences of Anastrepha Schiner (Diptera: Tephritidae) in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil* * This paper is part of the dissertation thesis of the first author.

Novas ocorrências de Anastrepha Schiner (Diptera: Tephritidae) no estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil

ABSTRACT:

Occurrences of Anastrepha barbiellinii Lima, Anastrepha connexa Lima, Anastrepha consobrina (Loew), Anastrepha kuhlmanni Lima, Anastrepha leptozona Hendel, and Anastrepha xanthochaeta Hendel are recorded for the first time in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The species were captured in McPhail traps baited with hydrolyzed protein (5%) in orchards of cultivated species and in a remnant of the Atlantic Forest in the municipality of Viçosa, Minas Gerais, or obtained from the collection of species deposited in the Regional Museum of Entomology (UFVB) of the Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Viçosa, in the state of Minas Gerais.

KEYWORDS:
fruit flies; tephritidae; diversity; geographic distribution

RESUMO:

Ocorrências de Anastrepha barbiellinii Lima, Anastrepha connexa Lima, Anastrepha consobrina (Loew), Anastrepha kuhlmanni Lima, Anastrepha leptozona Hendel e Anastrepha xanthochaeta Hendel são registradas pela primeira vez no estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. As espécies foram capturadas em armadilhas do tipo McPhail com um atrativo alimentar de proteína hidrolisada (5%) em três pomares de espécies cultivadas e um remanescente de Mata Atlântica no município de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, ou obtidas por meio de levantamento de espécies de Tephritidae depositadas no Museu Regional de Entomologia (UFVB) da Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Viçosa, estado de Minas Gerais.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE:
mosca-das-frutas; tefritídeos; diversidade; distribuição geográfica

Anastrepha Schiner, 1868 (Diptera: Tephritidae), is the most diverse genus of the Tephritidae family in the Neotropical region, with more than 250 species described (URAMOTO; ZUCCHI, 2010URAMOTO, K.; ZUCCHI, R.A. New species of Anastrepha Schiner (Diptera: Tephritidae) from remnant area of the Atlantic Rain Forest and surroundings in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. Zootaxa, Auckland, v.2535, n.1, p.49-60, 2010. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2535.1.3
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2535.1....
; NORRBOM; KORYTKOWSKI, 2012NORRBOM, A.L.; KORYTKOWSKI, C.A. New species of Anastrepha (Diptera: Tephritidae), with a key for the species of the megacantha clade. Zootaxa, Auckland, v.3478, n.3478, p.510-552, 2012. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3478.1.43
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3478.1....
). Brazil has 121 species recorded (ZUCCHI; MORAES, 2008ZUCCHI, R.A.; MORAES, R.C.B. Fruit flies in Brazil - Anastrepha species their host plants and parasitoids. 2008. Available from: www.lea.esalq.usp.br/anastrepha/. Access on: Apr. 29 2019.
www.lea.esalq.usp.br/anastrepha/...
), of which 30 are reported in the state of Minas Gerais (ZUCCHI; MORAES, 2008ZUCCHI, R.A.; MORAES, R.C.B. Fruit flies in Brazil - Anastrepha species their host plants and parasitoids. 2008. Available from: www.lea.esalq.usp.br/anastrepha/. Access on: Apr. 29 2019.
www.lea.esalq.usp.br/anastrepha/...
; DUARTE et al., 2015DUARTE, P.A.S.; GARCIA, F.R.M.; ANDALÓ, V. Anastrepha aczeli Blanchard and Anastrepha similis Greene (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Ciência Rural, Santa Maria, v.45, n.10, p.1727-1728, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20140998
https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20140...
). Some Anastrepha species have their distribution limited to tropical and subtropical forests, while others occur in all regions of Brazil (MALAVASI, 2000MALAVASI, A. Áreas livres ou de baixa prevalência. In: MALAVASI, A.; ZUCCHI, R.A. (Orgs.). Moscas-das-frutas de importância econômica no Brasil: conhecimento básico e aplicado. Ribeirão Preto, Holos, 2000. p.175-181.; ZUCCHI, 2007ZUCCHI, R.A. Diversidad, distribución y hospederos del género Anastrepha en Brasil. In: HERNÁNDEZ-ORTIZ, V. (Ed.). Moscas de la fruta en Latinoamerica (Diptera: Tephritidae): diversidad, biología y manejo. Distrito Federal, México: S y G Editores, 2007. p.77-100.).

This study aimed to report new occurrence records of fruit flies in Minas Gerais. The studies were carried out in four areas: two fruit orchards in the Campus of the Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV) (20°45’S, 42°51’W, 696 m; 20°45’S, 42°52’W, 667 m), a private fruit orchard (20°50’S, 42°54’W, 718 m), and a remnant of the Atlantic Forest, with 194 ha of secondary vegetation of the seasonal semideciduous forest subtype, with a high proportion of evergreen species (ALONSO, 1977ALONSO, M.T.A. Vegetação. In: GOLDENBERG, C. (Ed.). Geografia do Brasil. v.3. Região Sudeste. Rio de Janeiro: Diretoria de Divulgação, Centro Editorial, Centro de Serviços Gráficos do IBGE, 1977. p.91-118.), known as “Mata do Córrego do Paraíso” (20°46’S, 45°50’W, 600–700 m), located about 8 km from the UFV Campus. In addition, a survey was conducted on fruit fly species (Diptera: Tephritidae) deposited in the Regional Museum of Entomology (UFVB) at the Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Viçosa.

They were captured in a McPhail trap baited with 300 mL of 5% hydrolyzed protein. The traps were distributed in the tree canopies of cultivated and wild fruit trees, about 1.5 m from the ground. Each week the material was checked with the help of a sieve and fine point tweezers. Afterward, the traps were washed, and the baits were renewed. At each procedure, fruit flies were quantified, sexed, properly labeled, and fixed in 70% alcohol for later identification.

The samples were collected between June 2007 and December 2010 with a total of 20 traps, distributed randomly and representatively in each environment, with six traps placed in UFV orchards, two in the private orchard, and twelve in the remnant of the Atlantic Forest. We collected 13,152 specimens of fruit flies of the genus Anastrepha (7,101 females and 6,051 males). Among them, three females of Anastrepha barbiellinii Lima, 1938, were captured with a frequency of 0.61%; and two females of Anastrepha leptozona Hendel, 1914, showed 0.41% of frequency in the identified species. The presence of both species was recorded for the first time in the state of Minas Gerais.

Anastrepha barbiellinii has only one known host in Brazil — Pereskia sp. (Cactaceae) (ZUCCHI; MORAES, 2008ZUCCHI, R.A.; MORAES, R.C.B. Fruit flies in Brazil - Anastrepha species their host plants and parasitoids. 2008. Available from: www.lea.esalq.usp.br/anastrepha/. Access on: Apr. 29 2019.
www.lea.esalq.usp.br/anastrepha/...
). Its occurrence in this country has been registered in the states of Mato Grosso do Sul (midwest region); Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, and São Paulo (southeast region); Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, and Santa Catarina (south region). Anastrepha leptozona has been recorded infesting 13 hosts from five different botanical families in Brazil — Anacardiaceae, Icacinaceae, Myrtaceae, Rubiaceae, and Sapotaceae —, in 15 states — Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Rondônia, Roraima, and Tocantins (north region); Bahia, Maranhão, and Piauí (northeast region); Goiás, Mato Grosso, and Mato Grosso do Sul (midwest region); Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, and São Paulo (southeast region) (ZUCCHI; MORAES, 2008ZUCCHI, R.A.; MORAES, R.C.B. Fruit flies in Brazil - Anastrepha species their host plants and parasitoids. 2008. Available from: www.lea.esalq.usp.br/anastrepha/. Access on: Apr. 29 2019.
www.lea.esalq.usp.br/anastrepha/...
).

Four species of the genus Anastrepha were identified and deposited in UFVB, all without prior record in the state of Minas Gerais: Anastrepha connexa Lima, 1934 (1♀, collected in X.1938), identified by Dr. Ângelo Moreira da Costa Lima, from Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), in 1939; A. consobrina (Loew, 1873) (1♀, collected in IX.1938), A. kuhlmanni Lima, 1934 (5♀, collected in VIII.1939) and A. xanthochaeta Hendel, 1914 (1♀, collected in III.1939), identified by Dr. Roberto Antonio Zucchi, from Escola Superior de Agronomia Luiz de Queiros, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), in 1981. Anastrepha connexa has been registered in Brazil only in the state of São Paulo and has no known host in the country (ZUCCHI; MORAES, 2008ZUCCHI, R.A.; MORAES, R.C.B. Fruit flies in Brazil - Anastrepha species their host plants and parasitoids. 2008. Available from: www.lea.esalq.usp.br/anastrepha/. Access on: Apr. 29 2019.
www.lea.esalq.usp.br/anastrepha/...
). Anastrepha consobrina has been reported in the states of Bahia, Maranhão, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, and São Paulo; A. kuhlmanni in Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, and Santa Catarina; and A. xanthochaeta in São Paulo, Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, and Santa Catarina, having known hosts in the Passifloraceae family (ZUCCHI, 1978ZUCCHI, R.A. Taxonomia das espécies de Anastrepha Schiner, 1868 (Dip., Tephritidae) assinaladas no Brasil. 1978. 105f. Thesis (Doctorate in Entomology) – Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, 1978. https://doi.org/10.11606/T.11.2019.tde-20191220-105903
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.11.2019.tde-2...
; ZUCCHI; MORAES, 2008ZUCCHI, R.A.; MORAES, R.C.B. Fruit flies in Brazil - Anastrepha species their host plants and parasitoids. 2008. Available from: www.lea.esalq.usp.br/anastrepha/. Access on: Apr. 29 2019.
www.lea.esalq.usp.br/anastrepha/...
).

Currently, the genus Anastrepha has 30 fruit fly species present in Minas Gerais (ZUCCHI; MORAES, 2008ZUCCHI, R.A.; MORAES, R.C.B. Fruit flies in Brazil - Anastrepha species their host plants and parasitoids. 2008. Available from: www.lea.esalq.usp.br/anastrepha/. Access on: Apr. 29 2019.
www.lea.esalq.usp.br/anastrepha/...
). However, with the new occurrence recorded in this study, this number increased to 36 species (Table 1).

Table 1
Species of the genus Anastrepha (Tephritidae) registered in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, and additional references cited.
  • *
    This paper is part of the dissertation thesis of the first author.
  • FUNDING: This study was supported by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) through Scientific Initiation Scholarship for the first author (Process no 135781/2009-4).
  • ETHICAL APPROVAL: Not applicable.
  • AVAILABILITY OF DATA AND MATERIAL: The material collected in the field and identified by Dr. Keiko Uramoto (one of the authors of the manuscripts) is deposited at Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (ESALQ) and can be provided in case of contact by the interested party.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS:

Not applicable.

REFERENCES

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    » https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3478.1.43
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  • URAMOTO, K.; ZUCCHI, R.A. New species of Anastrepha Schiner (Diptera: Tephritidae) from remnant area of the Atlantic Rain Forest and surroundings in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. Zootaxa, Auckland, v.2535, n.1, p.49-60, 2010. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2535.1.3
    » https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2535.1.3
  • ZUCCHI, R.A. Taxonomia das espécies de Anastrepha Schiner, 1868 (Dip., Tephritidae) assinaladas no Brasil. 1978. 105f. Thesis (Doctorate in Entomology) – Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, 1978. https://doi.org/10.11606/T.11.2019.tde-20191220-105903
    » https://doi.org/10.11606/T.11.2019.tde-20191220-105903
  • ZUCCHI, R.A. Diversidad, distribución y hospederos del género Anastrepha en Brasil. In: HERNÁNDEZ-ORTIZ, V. (Ed.). Moscas de la fruta en Latinoamerica (Diptera: Tephritidae): diversidad, biología y manejo. Distrito Federal, México: S y G Editores, 2007. p.77-100.
  • ZUCCHI, R.A.; MORAES, R.C.B. Fruit flies in Brazil - Anastrepha species their host plants and parasitoids. 2008. Available from: www.lea.esalq.usp.br/anastrepha/ Access on: Apr. 29 2019.
    » www.lea.esalq.usp.br/anastrepha/

Publication Dates

  • Publication in this collection
    09 Nov 2020
  • Date of issue
    2020

History

  • Received
    05 June 2019
  • Accepted
    07 Mar 2020
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