SEROPREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED TO <i>NEOSPORA CANINUM</i> IN FEMALE BOVINES FROM THE WESTERN SÃO PAULO STATE, BRAZIL

Aguiar, D.M.; Lacerda, D.P; Orlandelli, R.C.; Medina, A.O.; Azevedo, S.S; Okuda, L.H.; Castro, V.; Genovez, M.E.; Pituco, E.M.

doi:10.1590/1808-1657v78p1832011

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Scientific Article • Arq. Inst. Biol. 78 (2) • Apr-Jun 2011 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1808-1657v78p1832011 copy

SEROPREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED TO NEOSPORA CANINUM IN FEMALE BOVINES FROM THE WESTERN SÃO PAULO STATE, BRAZIL

SOROPREVALÊNCIA E FATORES DE RISCO ASSOCIADOS A NEOSPORA CANINUM EM FÊMEAS BOVINAS DO OESTE DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO, BRASIL

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The prevalence of anti-Neospora caninum antibodies was evaluated in 1104 cows from 118 farms in the Western region of São Paulo State, Brazil, using indirect immunofluorescence antibody assay. Sixty-five (55.0%; CI 95%: 46.0-63.8%) farms showed at least one seropositive animal. Prevalence over 10% was observed in 33 farms (28.0%; CI 95%: 20.4-36.5%), and over 20% in 18 farms (15.2%; CI 95%: 9.5-22.6%). Prevalence of animals showed 120 (10.9%) positive females (IFAT ? 1:100). The positivity in the farms showed significant association with farms producing more than 50 liters per day. Infection caused by the protozoan N. caninum occurs in the Western region of the state of São Paulo, and although no differences were observed either in relation to the production type or management practices, greater milk yield was related to greater prevalence of infection.

KEY WORDS
Neospora caninum ; seroprevalence; epidemiology; bovine; Brazil

Titer	Positive samples
Titer	Number	%
100	55	45.8
200	16	13.4
400	16	13.4
800	12	10.0
1600	06	5.0
3200	09	7.5
6400	02	1.6
12800	04	3.3
Total	120	100

Micro-regions	Farms			Cows
Micro-regions	Sampled	Positive	%^* * Columns showing different letters indicate significant difference (P ≤ 0.05).	Sampled	Positive	%^* * Columns showing different letters indicate significant difference (P ≤ 0.05).
Extreme west	26	12	46.1^a	240	17	7.1^a
Alta Paulista	49	23	46.9^ab	425	46	10.8^ac
Alta Sorocabana	43	30	69.7^ac	439	57	13.0^bc
Totals for all regions	118	65	55.0^§ § Observed prevalence equal to 55.0% (CI95%: 46.0-63.8%).	1104	120	10.9^₣ ₣ Prevalence of 10.9%; adjusted prevalence of 10.5% (CI 95%; 7.3% - 15.0%).

Production type^* * One farm and cow could not be classified in any of the categories	Farms^a a Different values between proportions = P > 0.05				Cows^a a Different values between proportions = P > 0.05
	Sampled	Prevalence of positive (%)			Sampled	Positive(%)
	Sampled	At least one	10%	20%	Sampled	Positive(%)
Dairy	23	14 (60.8)	08 (34.7)	03 (13.1)	175	24 (13.7)
Beef	34	17 (50.0)	08 (23.5)	06 (17.6)	348	30 (8.6)
Mixed production	60	34 (56.6)	17 (28.3)	09 (15.0)	580	66 (11.3)
Total^* * One farm and cow could not be classified in any of the categories	118*	65 (55.0)^b b CI 95%: 46.0-63.8%	33 (28.0)^c c CI 95%: 20.4-36.5%	18 (15.2)^d d CI 95%: 9.5-22.6%	1103	120

		Number of farms
Variables		Presence	Positive
		Presence	At least one		10%		20%
			%	P	%	P	%	P
Housing conditions
	Confinement	03	66.6	1.00	33.3	1.00	33.3	0.39
	Semi-confinement	06	33.3	0.40	33.3	1.00	0	0.59
	Free range	108	56.5	0.50	27.8	0.70	15.7	1.00
Mode of milking
	Manual	69	60.0	0.68	27.5	1.00	17.4	1.00
	Portable milking machine	04	25.0	0.30	25.0	1.00	0	1.00
	Milking parlor	02	100.0	0.50	0	1.00	50.0	0.31
	Yield in liters per day (≥ 50 L)	38	73.7	0.00	39.5	0.01	21.5	0.39
	Number of cows (≥ 24 cows)	60	60.0	0.28	35.0	0.00	13.3	0.61
Presence of other animal species
	Dog	90	50.0	0.04	21.1	0.00	17.7	0.23
	Horse	99	55.5	0.81	30.3	0.19	16.1	0.73
	Swine	51	53.0	0.68	21.5	0.17	21.5	0.09
	Poultry	76	54.0	0.73	22.3	0.06	19.7	0.12
	Sheep	25	44.0	0.21	08	0.01	20.0	0.53
	Cat	65	48.0	0.07	23.1	0.19	13.8	0.63
Abortion in the previous 12 months		07	71.5	0.45	42.8	0.38	28.5	0.33
Exchange of cows for breeding		51	60.7	0.52	29.5	0.96	19.6	0.33
Renting of pastures		17	53.0	0.63	17.6	0.38	23.5	0.29
Sharing of pastures		09	55.5	1.00	22.2	1.00	22.2	0.62
Areas for cows pre- or post-partum		37	56.7	0.81	27.0	0.81	16.2	0.74
Flooded areas		18	27.7	0.01	11.1	0.14	11.1	0.73

Variables analyzed		Number of farms		Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
Variables analyzed		Analyzed	Positive	χ²	P	P	Odds (CI 95%)
Farms with at least oneseropositive cow
Milk yield per day
	< 50 L	37	16 (43.3)
	≥ 50 L	38	28 (73.7)	7.1	0.007	0.008	3.800 (1.43-10.55
Farms with at least 10% seropositive cows
Milk yield per day
	< 50 L	37	05 (13.5)
	≥ 50 L	38	15 (39.5	6.4	0.01	0.008	5.06 (1.51-16.90)
Presence of dogs
	No	28	14 (50.0)
	Yes	90	19 (21.1)	8.8	0.003	0.019	0.20 (0.73-079

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