Withdrawal period for seeding cotton after chemical control of cotton stalks

Francischini, Alessandra Constantin; Constantin, Jamil; Matte, Willian Daróz; Oliveira Junior, Rubem Silvério de; Mendes, Rafael Romero; Machado, Fellipe Goulart

doi:10.1590/1808-1657000392020

Alessandra Constantin Francischini

Sumitomo Chemical Latin America – São Paulo (SP) – Brazil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5805-6571

Jamil Constantin

Universidade Estadual de Maringá – Departamento de Agronomia – Maringá (PR), Brazil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6610-699X

Willian Daróz Matte ^**Corresponding author: willianmatte@hotmail.com

Universidade Estadual de Maringá – Departamento de Agronomia – Maringá (PR), Brazil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4277-6910

Rubem Silvério de Oliveira Junior

Universidade Estadual de Maringá – Departamento de Agronomia – Maringá (PR), Brazil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5222-8010

Rafael Romero Mendes

Universidade Estadual de Maringá – Departamento de Agronomia – Maringá (PR), Brazil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4404-8826

Fellipe Goulart Machado

Universidade Estadual de Maringá – Departamento de Agronomia – Maringá (PR), Brazil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1565-988X

*Corresponding author: willianmatte@hotmail.com

Associate Editor: Silvia Galleti

AUTHORS’ CONTRIBUTIONS

Conceptualization: Francischini, A.C.; Constantin, J.; Oliveira Junior, R.S. Data curation: Francischini, A.C.; Matte, W.D. Formal analysis: Francischini, A.C.; Constantin, J.; Oliveira Junior, R.S.; Matte, W.D. Funding acquisition: Constantin, J.; Oliveira Junior, R.S. Investigation: Francischini, A.C.; Constantin, J.; Oliveira Junior, R.S.; Methodology: Francischini, A.C.; Constantin, J.; Oliveira Junior, R.S. Project administration: Francischini, A.C.; Constantin, J.; Oliveira Junior, R.S. Resources: Francischini, A.C.; Matte, W.D. Supervision: Constantin, J.; Oliveira Junior, R.S. Validation: Mendes, R.R.; Machado, F.G. Visualization: Francischini, A.C.; Constantin, J.; Oliveira Junior, R.S.; Matte, W.D.; Mendes, R.R.; Machado, F.G. Writing – original draft: Francischini, A.C. Writing – review & editing: Matte, W.D.; Mendes, R.R.; Machado, F.G.

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

The authors certify that they have no commercial or associative interest that represents a conflict of interest in connection with the manuscript.

Herbicide treatment	Application A and B Dose ai or, and ae g·ha^-1
2,4-D	1340
2,4-D + glyphosate	1340 + 720
2,4-D + saflufenacil	1340 + 105
2,4-D + [imazapic + imazapyr]	1340 + 105
2,4-D + glyphosate + saflufenacil	1340 + 720 +105
2,4-D + glyphosate + [imazapic + imazapyr]	1340 + 720 +105
2,4-D + glyphosate + saflufenacil + [imazapic + imazapyr]	1340 + 720 +105 + 105
Glyphosate + saflufenacil + [imazapic + imazapyr]	720 +105 + 105
Glyphosate + saflufenacil + Fluroxypyr	720 +105 + 400
Glyphosate + fluroxypyr + [imazapic + imazapyr]	720 + 400 + 105
Glyphosate + dicamba + saflufenacil	720 + 960 + 105
Glyphosate + sulfentrazone + 2,4-D	720 + 40 + 1340
Sulfentrazone + 2,4-D	40 + 1340
Fluroxypyr	400
Control without application	-

Regression models
Boltzmann’s sigmoidal model (3 parameters)	$y = \frac{a}{1 + e^{- (x - \frac{x 0}{b})}}$
Boltzmann’s sigmoidal model (4 parameters)	$y = y 0 + \frac{a - y 0}{1 + e^{- (x - \frac{x 0}{b})}}$
Streibig logistic model (3 parameters)	$y = \frac{a}{[1 + {(\frac{x}{x 0})}^{b}]}$
Streibig logistic model (4 parameters)	$y = y 0 + \frac{a}{[1 + {(\frac{x}{x 0})}^{b}]}$
Exponential model (2 parameters)	$y = a e^{- b x}$
Exponential model (3 parameters)	$y = a \| x - x 0 \|^{b}$

Treatments (application A)	Equations used to estimate the safety interval for cotton sowing
	Phytointoxication
		Relative height	Relative dry mass
2,4-D	$\hat{Y} = {4.51}^{} EXP (- {0.04}^{} x)$	-	-
2,4-D + glyphosate	$\begin{matrix} \hat{Y} = - 0.34 + (68.09 / \\ (1 + ((x / 11.66)^{\land} 2.4))) \end{matrix}$	-	-
2,4-D + saflufenacil	$\begin{matrix} \hat{Y} = - 0.18 + (100.17 / \\ (1 + ((x / 36.74)^{\land} 6.39))) \end{matrix}$	$\begin{aligned} \hat{Y} = 19.82 + 76.96 / (1 + \\ EXP (- (x - 21.51) / 1.79)) \end{aligned}$	$\begin{aligned} \hat{Y} = 31.73 + 60.71 / (1 + \\ EXP (- (x - 23.24) / 1.76)) \end{aligned}$
2,4-D + [imazapic + imazapyr]	$\begin{matrix} \hat{Y} = 63.76 / \\ (1 + ((x / 45.65)^{\land} 2.42))) \end{matrix}$	$\begin{aligned} \hat{Y} = (- {3.4}^{*} 10^{\land} - 10) + 97.09 / \\ (1 + EXP (- (x - 32.01) / 1.21)) \end{aligned}$	$\begin{aligned} \hat{Y} = (- {6.7}^{*} 10^{\land} - 11) + 98.42 / \\ (1 + EXP (- (x - 31.14) / 1.11)) \end{aligned}$
2,4-D + glyphosate + saflufenacil	$\begin{matrix} \hat{Y} = - 0.025 + (100.02) \\ (1 + ((x / 33.05)^{\land} 7.66))) \end{matrix}$	$\begin{aligned} \hat{Y} = (- {3.4}^{*} 10^{\land} - 10) + 97.09 / \\ (1 + EXP (- (x - 32.01) / 1.21)) \end{aligned}$	$\begin{aligned} \hat{Y} = (- 2.98 * 10^{\land} - 9) + 97.44 / \\ (1 + EXP (- (x - 29.91) / 1.23)) \end{aligned}$
2,4-D + glyphosate +[imazapic + imazapyr]	$\begin{matrix} \hat{Y} = 97.21 / \\ (1 + ((x / 45.35)^{\land} 2.46))) \end{matrix}$	$\begin{aligned} \hat{Y} = - 0.15 + 97.58 / (1 + \\ EXP (- (x - 31.02) / 4.79)) \end{aligned}$	$\begin{aligned} \hat{Y} = (- {2.98}^{*} 10^{\land} - 9) + 97.44 / \\ (1 + EXP (- (x - 29.91) / 1.23)) \end{aligned}$
2,4-D + glyphosate + saflufenacil + [imazapic + imazapyr]	$\begin{matrix} \hat{Y} = 1.49 + (74.62 / \\ (1 + ((x / 62)^{\land} 28.71))) \end{matrix}$	$\begin{matrix} \hat{Y} = 96.36 / (1 + \\ EXP (- (x - 38.44) / 19.26)) \end{matrix}$	$\begin{matrix} \hat{Y} = 93.53 / (1 + \\ EXP (- (x - 31.2) / 13.59)) \end{matrix}$
2,4-D + glyphosate + sulfentrazone	$\begin{matrix} \hat{Y} = 0.32 + (93.68 / \\ (1 + ((x / 66.42)^{\land} 10.74))) \end{matrix}$	$\begin{matrix} \hat{Y} = 2.66 = 115.52 / (1 + \\ EXP (- (x - 49.50) / 45.92)) \end{matrix}$	$\begin{matrix} \hat{Y} = 33.98 + (62.76 / \\ (1 + ((x / 30.09)^{\land} - 7.16))) \end{matrix}$
2,4-D + sulfentrazone	$\begin{matrix} \hat{Y} = - 13.81 + (98.92 / \\ (1 + ((x / 59.23)^{\land} 2.86))) \end{matrix}$	$\begin{matrix} \hat{Y} = 8.19 + 84.14 / (1 + \\ EXP (- (x - 60.65) / 1.26)) \end{matrix}$	$\begin{matrix} \hat{Y} = 17.82 + (79.11 / \\ (1 + ((x / 61.08)^{\land} - 53.95))) \end{matrix}$
Glyphosate + saflufenacil + fluroxypyr	$\begin{matrix} \hat{Y} = - 0.52 + (51.30 / \\ (1 + ((x / 66.1)^{\land} 7.23))) \end{matrix}$	$\begin{aligned} \hat{Y} = 13.58 + 84.29 / (1 + \\ EXp (- (x - 56.81) / 8.81)) \end{aligned}$	$\begin{matrix} \hat{Y} = 30.38 + (67.05 / \\ (1 + ((x / 59.35)^{\land} - 49.04))) \end{matrix}$
Glyphosate + [imazapic + imazapyr] + fluroxypyr	$\begin{matrix} \hat{Y} = - 1.27 + (101.27 / \\ (1 + ((x / 26.44)^{\land} 3.2))) \end{matrix}$	$\begin{aligned} \hat{Y} = 69.48 + 25.92 / (1 + \\ EXP (- (x - 62.82) / 1.14)) \end{aligned}$	$\begin{matrix} \hat{Y} = 43.23 + (98.73 / \\ (1 + ((x / 101.5)^{\land} - 0.99))) \end{matrix}$
Glyphosate + dicamba + saflufenacil	$\begin{matrix} \hat{Y} = - 4.38 + (104 / \\ (1 + ((x / 74.96)^{\land} 6.29))) \end{matrix}$	$\begin{matrix} \hat{Y} = - 51.73 + 148.18 / \\ (1 + EXP (- (x - 8.85) / 14.22)) \end{matrix}$	$\begin{matrix} \hat{Y} = 100.72 / (1 + \\ ((x / 17.32)^{\land} - 2.02)) \end{matrix}$
Glyphosate + saflufenacil + [imazapic + imazapyr]	$\begin{matrix} \hat{Y} = - 1.27 + (90.55 / \\ (1 + ((x / 62.59)^{\land} 8.43))) \end{matrix}$	$\begin{matrix} \hat{Y} = - 0.17 + 97.34 / (1 + \\ EXP (- (x - 67.70) / 6.70)) \end{matrix}$	$\begin{matrix} \hat{Y} = ({1.13}^{*} 10^{\land} - 6) + (96.53 / \\ (1 + ((x / 59.44)^{\land} - 50.31))) \end{matrix}$
Fluroxypyr	$\begin{matrix} \hat{Y} = - 0.14 + (100.14 / \\ (1 + ((x / 9.12)^{\land} 2.69))) \end{matrix}$	$\begin{matrix} \hat{Y} = 1.14 + 97.87 / (1 + \\ EXP (- 9 x - 56.86) / 17.80)) \end{matrix}$	$\begin{matrix} \hat{Y} = 103.08 / (1 + \\ ((x / 33.77)^{\land} - 2.06)) \end{matrix}$
Control without application	-	$\begin{matrix} \hat{Y} = - 0.07 + 96.46 / (1 + \\ EXP (- (x - 18.31) / 1.92)) \end{matrix}$	$\begin{matrix} \hat{Y} = 2.99 + (95.3 / (1 + \\ EXP (- (x - 22.97) / 1.62))) \end{matrix}$
Treatments (application A/B)
2,4-D	$\begin{matrix} \hat{Y} = - 2.05 + 39.80 / \\ (1 + ((x / 2.47)^{\land} 0.77)) \end{matrix}$	$\begin{matrix} \hat{Y} = 96.675 / (1 + \\ EXP (- (x + 1.84) / 1.4758)) \end{matrix}$	$\begin{matrix} \hat{Y} = 97.36 / (1 + \\ EXP (- (x + 1.78) / 1.46)) \end{matrix}$
2,4-D + glyphosate	$\begin{matrix} \hat{Y} = - 0.73 + 32.73 / \\ (1 + ((x / 15.447)^{\land} 1.96)) \end{matrix}$	$\begin{matrix} \hat{Y} = 96.925 / (1 + \\ EXP (- (x + 2.00) / 1.459)) \end{matrix}$	$\begin{matrix} \hat{Y} = 97.36 / (1 + \\ EXP (- (x + 1.78) / 1.46)) \end{matrix}$
2,4-D + saflufenacil	$\begin{matrix} \hat{Y} = - 2.4 + 72.14 / \\ (1 + ((x / 30.38)^{\land} 2.73)) \end{matrix}$	$\begin{matrix} \hat{Y} = 38.74 + 58.13 / \\ (1 + ((x / 28.38)^{\land} - 6.09)) \end{matrix}$	$\begin{matrix} \hat{Y} = 39.86 + 57.45 / \\ (1 + ((x / 29.21)^{\land} - 28.77))) \end{matrix}$
2,4-D + [imazapic + imazapyr]	$\begin{matrix} \hat{Y} = - 5.42 + 105.34 / \\ (1 + ((x / 45.02)^{\land} 3.14)) \end{matrix}$	$\begin{matrix} \hat{Y} = 96.84 / (1 + \\ ((x / 37.17)^{\land} - 4.05)) \end{matrix}$	$\begin{matrix} \hat{Y} = 103.24 / (1 + \\ ((x / 37.03)^{\land} - 2.78)) \end{matrix}$
2,4-D + glyphosate + saflufenacil	$\begin{matrix} \hat{Y} = - 0.38 + 76.88 / \\ (1 + ((x / 27.26)^{\land} 4.02)) \end{matrix}$	$\begin{matrix} \hat{Y} = 29.73 + 68.75 / \\ (1 + ((x / 15.61)^{\land} - 1.76)) \end{matrix}$	$\begin{matrix} \hat{Y} = 33 + 73.48 / \\ (1 + ((x / 25.65)^{\land} - 1.44)) \end{matrix}$
2,4-D + glyphosate +[imazapic + imazapyr]	$\begin{matrix} \hat{Y} = 99.66 / \\ (1 + ((x / 30.50)^{\land} 2.21)) \end{matrix}$	$\begin{matrix} \hat{Y} = 100.99 / (1 + \\ ((x / 26.03)^{\land} - 1.88)) \end{matrix}$	$\begin{matrix} \hat{Y} = 145.17 / (1 + \\ ((x / 41.84)^{\land} - O .72)) \end{matrix}$
2,4-D + glyphosate + saflufenacil + [imazapic + imazapyr]	$\begin{matrix} \hat{Y} = 99.06 / \\ (1 + ((x / 31.65)^{\land} 2.34)) \end{matrix}$	$\begin{matrix} \hat{Y} = 104.19 / (1 + \\ ((x / 27.98)^{\land} - 1.85)) \end{matrix}$	$\begin{matrix} \hat{Y} = 137.33 / (1 + \\ ((x / 40.92)^{\land} - 0.94)) \end{matrix}$
2,4-D + glyphosate + sulfentrazone	$\begin{matrix} \hat{Y} = - 8.26 + 107.89 / \\ (1 + ((x / 48.04)^{\land} 3.13)) \end{matrix}$	$\begin{matrix} \hat{Y} = 101.6 / (1 + \\ ((x / 41.17)^{\land} - 3.19)) \end{matrix}$	$\begin{matrix} \hat{Y} = 111.25 / (1 + \\ ((x / 44.60)^{\land} - 2.31)) \end{matrix}$
2,4-D + sulfentrazone	$\begin{matrix} \hat{Y} = 92.91 / \\ (1 + ((x / 37.40)^{\land} 2.36)) \end{matrix}$	$\begin{matrix} \hat{Y} = 8.92 + 93.38 / \\ (1 + ((x / 31.82)^{\land} - 2.42)) \end{matrix}$	$\begin{matrix} \hat{Y} = 9.69 + 94.61 / \\ (1 + ((x / 30.17)^{\land} - 2.26)) \end{matrix}$
Glyphosate + saflufenacil + fluroxypyr	$\begin{matrix} \hat{Y} = - 11.22 + 185.05 / \\ (1 + EXP (- (x - 9.82) / - 37.79)) \end{matrix}$	$\begin{matrix} \hat{Y} = 103.47 / (1 + \\ ((x / 31.98)^{\land} - 2.39)) \end{matrix}$	$\begin{matrix} \hat{Y} = 36.87 + 75.32 / \\ (1 + ((x / 46.05)^{\land} - 1.65)) \end{matrix}$
Glyphosate + [imazapic + imazapyr] + fluroxypyr	$\begin{matrix} \hat{Y} = - 10.13 + 109.97 / \\ (1 + ((x / 42.30)^{\land} 2.46)) \end{matrix}$	$\begin{matrix} \hat{Y} = 33.24 + 68.33 / \\ (1 + ((x / 37.85)^{\land} - 2.12)) \end{matrix}$	$\begin{matrix} \hat{Y} = 115.59 / (1 + \\ ((x / 33.14)^{\land} - 1.46)) \end{matrix}$
Glyphosate + dicamba + saflufenacil	$\begin{matrix} \hat{Y} = 19.04 + 81.46 / \\ (1 + ((x / 85.89)^{\land} 4.05)) \end{matrix}$	$\begin{matrix} \hat{Y} = - 1.99 + 95.7 / \\ (1 + ((x / 78.23)^{\land} - 2.95)) \end{matrix}$	$\begin{matrix} \hat{Y} = - 1.99 + 140.14 / \\ (1 + ((x / 110)^{\land} - 2.38)) \end{matrix}$
Glyphosate + saflufenacil + [imazapic + imazapyr]	$\begin{matrix} \hat{Y} = - 0.44 + 100.44 / \\ (1 + ((x / 25.73)^{\land} 3.63)) \end{matrix}$	$\begin{matrix} \hat{Y} = 97.02 / (1 + \\ ((x / 28.94)^{\land} - 6.14)) \end{matrix}$	$\begin{matrix} \hat{Y} = 97.46 / (1 + \\ ((x / 26.03)^{\land} - 3.57)) \end{matrix}$
Fluroxypyr	$\begin{matrix} \hat{Y} = 0 .13 + 80 .37 / (1 + \\ E X P (- (x - 25 .14) / - 10 .88)) \end{matrix}$	$\begin{matrix} \hat{Y} = 26.11 + 70.29 / \\ (1 + ((x / 29.46)^{\land} - 26.63)) \end{matrix}$	$\begin{matrix} \hat{Y} = 29.99 + 70.59 / \\ (1 + ((x / 26.76)^{\land} - 2.61)) \end{matrix}$
Control without application	-

Treatments (application A)	Safety interval (SI) for the cotton sowing (days after application) ¹ 1 In bold the highest estimated value for SI, considering the three response variables evaluated.
Treatments (application A)	Phytointoxication	Height	Dry mass
2,4-D	0	0	0
2,4-D + glyphosate	23	25	29
2,4-D + saflufenacil	51	35	33
2,4-D + [imazapic + imazapyr]	90	73	61
2,4-D + glyphosate + saflufenacil	44	43	32
2,4-D + glyphosate + [imazapic + imazapyr]	102	89	75
2,4-D + glyphosate + saflufenacil + [imazapic + imazapyr]	66	101	40
2,4-D + glyphosate + sulfentrazone	81	65	63
2,4-D + sulfentrazone	89	77	62
Glyphosate + saflufenacil + fluroxypyr	79	64	91
Glyphosate + [imazapic + imazapyr] + fluroxypyr	50	52	49
Glyphosate + dicamba + saflufenacil	100	84	62
Glyphosate + saflufenacil + [imazapic + imazapyr]	78	97	85
Fluroxypyr	20	23	26
Control without application	-	-	-

Treatments (application A/B)	Safety interval (SI) for the cotton sowing (days after application) ¹ 1 In bold the highest estimated value for SI, considering the three response variables evaluated.
Treatments (application A/B)	Phytointoxication	Height	Dry mass
2,4-D	7	0	2
2,4-D + glyphosate	22	0	1
2,4-D + saflufenacil	54	39	31
2,4-D + [imazapic + imazapyr]	78	70	73
2,4-D + glyphosate + saflufenacil	43	47	60
2,4-D + glyphosate + [imazapic + imazapyr]	81	78	81
2,4-D + glyphosate + saflufenacil + [imazapic + imazapyr]	79	75	80
2,4-D + glyphosate + sulfentrazone	79	78	83
2,4-D + sulfentrazone	87	69	65
Glyphosate + saflufenacil + fluroxypyr	81	79	77
Glyphosate + [imazapic + imazapyr] + fluroxypyr	77	70	78
Glyphosate + dicamba + saflufenacil	>120	>120	>120
Glyphosate + saflufenacil + [imazapic + imazapyr]	46	43	52
Fluroxypyr	46	32	51
Control without application	-	-	-

[1] *Corresponding author: willianmatte@hotmail.com

Brasil

Brasil

Withdrawal period for seeding cotton after chemical control of cotton stalks

ABSTRACT