A record of pughead deformity in <i>Satanoperca jurupari</i> (Heckel, 1840) (Teleostei: Cichlidae) in the Lower Rio Tocantins Basin

Jacob, Lais Lobato; Araújo, Felipe Arian de Andrade; Reis, Renan Leão; Nascimento, Júlia Gabrielle Carvalho; Akama, Alberto

doi:10.1590/S2179-975X9924

person Lais Lobato Jacob

schoolPrograma de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Evolução, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Av. Perimetral, 1901, Campus de Pesquisa, CEP 66077-830, Belém, PA, Brasil § L. Lobato and F. Araújo contributed equally to this work

0000-0002-8694-1295

person Felipe Arian de Andrade Araújo *

schoolPrograma de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Evolução, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Av. Perimetral, 1901, Campus de Pesquisa, CEP 66077-830, Belém, PA, Brasil § L. Lobato and F. Araújo contributed equally to this work

0000-0003-2668-7843

person Renan Leão Reis

schoolPrograma de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Evolução, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Av. Perimetral, 1901, Campus de Pesquisa, CEP 66077-830, Belém, PA, BrasilschoolFaculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Pará – UFPA, Campus de Altamira, Rua Coronel José Porfírio, 2515, São Sebastião, CEP 68372-040, Altamira, PA, Brasil

0000-0003-4366-060X

person Júlia Gabrielle Carvalho Nascimento

schoolPrograma de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Evolução, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Av. Perimetral, 1901, Campus de Pesquisa, CEP 66077-830, Belém, PA, Brasil

0000-0002-6806-118X

person Alberto Akama

schoolPrograma de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Evolução, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Av. Perimetral, 1901, Campus de Pesquisa, CEP 66077-830, Belém, PA, BrasilschoolSetor de Ictiologia, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Av. Perimetral, 1901, Campus de Pesquisa, CEP 66077-830, Belém, PA, Brasil

0000-0003-0209-770X

§

L. Lobato and F. Araújo contributed equally to this work

person*e-mail:
araujo.felipearian@gmail.com

Associate Editor:

Fernando Mayer Pelicice.

Figures (4)
Tables (1)

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Figure 1 (a) Left lateral view of the pughead Satanoperca jurupari specimen collected in the Lower Tocantins River basin, in the municipality of Baião, Pará state, Brazil. (b) X-ray image of the head of the pughead specimen (c) and a normally developed specimen (b, 300 mm SL) of Satanoperca jupari in left lateral view.

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Figure 2 Image from nano-computed tomography (nano-CT) scans allowed us to visualize cranial structures and compare the specimen exhibiting pughead features. (a) pughead specimen (b) and a normally developed specimen. Arrows points out craniofacial structures: mx - maxilla (posterior tip of upper jaw); pmx - premaxilla (upper jaw).

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Figure 3 (a) Anatomical landmarks used for linear morphometric analysis. SL: standard length, HO: orbit height, LO: orbit length, HH: head height, LH: head length. Figures (b) and (c) present the anatomical landmarcks delimited used for geometric morphometric analysis: open red circles indicate fixed landmarks; blue circles represent semi-landmarks. Fixed landmarks include: (1) dorsal fin insertion; (2) premaxillary groove; (3) lower jaw insertion; (4) anterior tip of the snout; (5) premaxillary tip; (6) posterior margin of the premaxilla; (7) base of the pectoral region; (8) preoperculum; (9) posterior edge of the operculum. Semi-landmarks (10-16) consist of seven equidistant points outlining the contour of the forehead. Illustrations hand-drawn by Lais Lobato.

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Figure 4 Graphical representation of the principal component analysis (PCA) for 14 individuals of Satanoperca jurupari. The X-axis represents PC1 (59.4%) and the Y-axis (left) represents PC2 (15.3%), illustrating the distribution of individuals across the morphospace. Each point corresponds to an individual, and the occupied regions reflect morphological variation. The morphological disparity test revealed no significant difference between the deformed specimen and the remaining individuals (p = 0.42). We used the specimen column and defined the final letter of everyone to indicate which specimen was normal (n) or which presented the pughead deformity (p). Morphological profile of the pughead individual (dark blue) compared to the mean profile of the remaining individuals (light blue).

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Table 1 Specimens in the morphological analysis are listed, with ID referring to lots of fish at MPEG. Sampled localities and coordinates are included.

Specimen	ID	LS (mm)	LH (mm)	HO (mm	LO (mm)	HH (mm)	LAT	LONG	Locality/Municipality
Sp01_n	MPEG37367	128.8	47.5	10.8	10.5	50.3	4º22'10.64” S	49º 39'58.92” W	Novo Repartimento
Sp02_n		135.3	47.7	13.0	12.4	50.4
Sp03_n		123.7	46.3	12.1	10.9	49.6
Sp04_n		130.2	49.0	10.1	11.7	49.9
Sp05_n		117.5	41.4	10.8	11.2	44.6
Sp06_n	MPEG37360	138.4	52.4	11.8	12.9	56.2	4º22'10.64”S	49º39'58.92”W
Sp07_n		135.1	50.1	12.4	12.6	54.8
Sp08_n		124.9	46.3	9.8	10.3	50.7
Sp09_n		121.6	44.3	10.2	10.0	51.1
Sp10_n	MPEG38451	99.5	37.4	9.4	9.5	36.2	3º4'17.68”S	49º38'57.79”W	Baião
Sp11_n	MPEG37412	141.7	51.2	11.2	11.0	53.9	3º52'27.32”S	49º45'30.96”W	Tucuruí
Sp12_n	MPEG37371	126.9	47.3	11.5	11.7	49.8	2º47'56.53”S	49º45'22.46”W	Baião
Sp13_n	MPEG40000	133.4	48.4	10.0	10.2	52.1	2°45'51.3”S	49°40'35.1”W
Sp14_p	MPEG40000	122.2	43.4	10.4	10.7	51.4	2°45'51.3”S	49°40'35.1”W

[1] Codes: SL: standard length; LH: head length; HO: orbit height; LO: orbit length; HH: head height. The final letter in each specimen ID indicates whether the individual was morphologically normal ('n') or exhibited the pughead deformity ('p').

A record of pughead deformity in Satanoperca jurupari (Heckel, 1840) (Teleostei: Cichlidae) in the Lower Rio Tocantins Basin

Um registro de deformidade craniana (“pughead”) em Satanoperca jurupari (Heckel, 1840) (Teleostei: Cichlidae) na Bacia do Baixo Rio Tocantins

Abstract: